La Difusión en la reacción Antígeno – Anticuerpo

In previous works some indications about the importance of molecular diffusion in the antigen-antibody reaction have been reported. Polynomic plots were used for the analysis of the results; They have the advantadge of being simple, but the drawback of not giving very much information concerning the characteristics of the process. In this work the results obtained in several series of kinetics of antigen-antibody experiences were used. In most of them the antigen was labelled with I125and in some cases it was the antibody, with the same radionuclide. In all cases the reaction was followed by measuring the radioactivity of the Ag-Ab immunocomplex produced in different times. This signal is directly proportional to the concentration, so the original data are presented as Activity (represented by A) in CPM vs time (t) in minutes. The results obtained for sixteen reactions were analyzed using exclusively the integral method by means of both Stenberg and Karlsson models. Each one gives an integrated velocity ecuation that was adapted in order to be applied to the data. A Diffusion control was found in a high percentage of the studied cases.En trabajos realizados anteriormente se ha observado indicios sobre la importancia de la difusión molecular en la reacción antígeno-anticuerpo. Para el tratamiento de los resultados se utilizaron exclusivamente ajustes polinómicos, los cuales tienen la ventaja de su sencillez y generalidad, pero son poco informativos en cuanto a las características inherentes al proceso. En el presente trabajo se partió de los resultados obtenidos en varias series de experiencias tendentes al estudio de la cinética de distintas reacciones antígeno anticuerpo. En la mayor parte de ellas, se utilizaron antígenos marcados con I125 y en algunos casos, anticuerpos con este mismo radionúclido. En todos los casos se siguió el curso de la reacción midiendo la radiactividad del inmunocomplejo Ag-Ac formado a diferentes tiempos, directamente proporcional a su concentración, por lo que los datos de partida son siempre tablas: Actividad, en cuentas por minuto (CPM) , representada por A, frente al tiempo (t) en minutos. Los resultados obtenidos para un total de dieciséis reacciones se analizan utilizando exclusivamente el método integral mediante los modelos de Stenberg y Karlsson , cada uno de los cuales suministra una ecuación de velocidad integrada que ha sido adaptada para aplicarla a los valores disponibles. Se encuentra control por difusión en un elevado tanto por ciento de los casos estudiados

The use of micro-XRD for the study of glaze color decorations

The compounds responsible for the colours and decorations in glass and glazed ceramics include: colouring agents (transition metal ions), pigments (micro-and nano-precipitates of compounds that either do not dissolve or recrystallize in the glassy matrix) and opacifiers (microcrystalline compounds with high light scattering capability). Their composition, structure and range of stability are highly dependent not only on the composition but also on the procedures followed to obtain them. Chemical composition of the colorants and crystallites may be obtained by means of SEM-EDX and WDX. Synchrotron Radiation micro-X-ray Diffraction has a small beam size adequate (10 to 50 microns footprint size) to obtain the structural information of crystalline compounds and high brilliance, optimal for determining the crystallites even when present in low amounts. In addition, in glass decorations the crystallites often appear forming thin layers (from 10 to 100 micrometers thick) and they show a depth dependent composition and crystal structure. Their nature and distribution across the glass/glazes decorations gives direct information on the technology of production and stability and may be related to the color and appearance. A selection of glass and glaze coloring agents and decorations are studied by means of SR-micro- XRD and SEM-EDX including: manganese brown, antimony yellow, red copper lusters and cobalt blue. The selection includes Medieval (Islamic, and Hispano Moresque) and renaissance tin glazed ceramics from the 10th to the 17th century AD

Post-transcriptional control of a stemness signature by RNA-binding protein MEX3A regulates murine adult neurogenesis

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult murine subependymal zone balance their self-renewal capacity and glial identity with the potential to generate neurons during the lifetime. Adult NSCs exhibit lineage priming via pro-neurogenic fate determinants. However, the protein levels of the neural fate determinants are not sufficient to drive direct differentiation of adult NSCs, which raises the question of how cells along the neurogenic lineage avoid different conflicting fate choices, such as self-renewal and differentiation. Here, we identify RNA-binding protein MEX3A as a post-transcriptional regulator of a set of stemness associated transcripts at critical transitions in the subependymal neurogenic lineage. MEX3A regulates a quiescence-related RNA signature in activated NSCs that is needed for their return to quiescence, playing a role in the long-term maintenance of the NSC pool. Furthermore, it is required for the repression of the same program at the onset of neuronal differentiation. Our data indicate that MEX3A is a pivotal regulator of adult murine neurogenesis acting as a translational remodeller.© 2023. The Author(s)

Monitoring of cerebral autoregulaion during early mobilization owards personalization of post-stroke mobilization

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Arquitectura de Microservicios para Ensayos Clínicos en Pérdida de Peso con Plataformas mHealth

Las terapias contra el sobrepeso y la obesidad se basan en la modificación del estilo de vida sin embargo la adherencia es baja porque los estilos saludables son difíciles de mantener en el tiempo. Las funcionalidades adecuadas para que las aplicaciones móviles (mHealth) faciliten el cambio permanecen sin identificar. El presente trabajo presenta una arquitectura mHealth de microservicios para estudios clínicos con los que identificarlas. La metodología de diseño y desarrollo incluyo historias de usuario, Domain-Driven Design (DDD) y Scrum. Los microservicios identificados, su definición, y la organización de nuestra arquitectura son suficientes para realizar estudios clínicos en pérdida de peso con plataformas mHealth. Entre los trabajos futuros mas inmediatos destaca la conexión de la presente arquitectura con servicios de gestión de estudios clínicos de uso común como RedCap.Esta investigación fue financiada por CIBER - Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red- (CB06/01/0051), el proyecto AN´IMATE 2 (CIBER- BBN early stage intramural projects 2022) y el proyecto ALEVINT (CIBERESP-BBN collaboration projects 2022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovació

COVID-19 outbreaks in a transmission control scenario: challenges posed by social and leisure activities, and for workers in vulnerable conditions, Spain, early summer 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. From mid-June to 2 August, excluding single household outbreaks, 673 outbreaks were notified nationally, 551 active (>6,200 cases) at the time. More than half of these outbreaks and cases coincided with: (i) social (family/friends’ gatherings or leisure venues) and (ii) occupational (mainly involving workers in vulnerable conditions) settings. Control measures were accordingly applied

A multi-proxy perspective on millennium-long climate variability in the Southern Pyrenees.

Morellón, Mario et al.A review of selected, well-dated, multiproxy paleoclimatic records (lacustrine, dendrochronological, geomorphological) characterizes the main environmental changes occurred in the Southern Pyrenees during the last millennium. Warmer and relatively arid conditions prevailed during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, <1300 AD), with a significant development of xerophytes and Mediterranean vegetation and limited deciduous tree formations (mesophytes). The Little Ice Age (LIA, 1300-1800 AD) was generally colder and moister, with an expansion of deciduous taxa and cold-adapted mountainous conifers. Two major phases occurred within this period: (i) a transition MCA-LIA, characterized by fluctuating, moist conditions and relatively cold temperatures (ca. 1300 and 1600 AD); - (ii) a second period, characterized by coldest conditions and higher humidity, coinciding with maximum (recent) glacier advances (ca. 1600-1850 AD). After the LIA a warming and more arid phase started coinciding with glacier retreat, and interrupted by a short-living cooling episode during the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Some records suggest a response to solar activity with colder and slightly moister conditions during solar minima. Centennial-scale hydrological fluctuations are in phase with reconstructions of NAO variability, which appears to be the main forcing for humidity in the region during the last millennium. © 2011 Author(s).This research has been funded by the Spanish InterMinistry of Science and Technology (CICYT), through the projects LIMNOCAL (CGL2006-13327-C04-01), GLOB-ALKARST (REN2003-09130-C02-02), GRACCIE-CONSOLIDER (CSD2007-00067), DINAMO (CGL2009-645-07992) and CRYOMONT (CGL2010-19724). Additional support was provided by the Spanish National Parks Agency through the project HORDA (083/2009). M. Morellón is supported by a Postdoctoral fellowship funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through FECYT (Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology). A. Perez-Sanz is supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship funded by the Regional Aragonese Government and A. Moreno acknowledges the “Ramón y Cajal” postdoctoral program for funding.Peer Reviewe

A multi-proxy perspective on millennium-long climate variability in the Southern Pyrenees.

Morellón, Mario et al.A review of selected, well-dated, multiproxy paleoclimatic records (lacustrine, dendrochronological, geomorphological) characterizes the main environmental changes occurred in the Southern Pyrenees during the last millennium. Warmer and relatively arid conditions prevailed during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, <1300 AD), with a significant development of xerophytes and Mediterranean vegetation and limited deciduous tree formations (mesophytes). The Little Ice Age (LIA, 1300-1800 AD) was generally colder and moister, with an expansion of deciduous taxa and cold-adapted mountainous conifers. Two major phases occurred within this period: (i) a transition MCA-LIA, characterized by fluctuating, moist conditions and relatively cold temperatures (ca. 1300 and 1600 AD); - (ii) a second period, characterized by coldest conditions and higher humidity, coinciding with maximum (recent) glacier advances (ca. 1600-1850 AD). After the LIA a warming and more arid phase started coinciding with glacier retreat, and interrupted by a short-living cooling episode during the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Some records suggest a response to solar activity with colder and slightly moister conditions during solar minima. Centennial-scale hydrological fluctuations are in phase with reconstructions of NAO variability, which appears to be the main forcing for humidity in the region during the last millennium. © 2011 Author(s).This research has been funded by the Spanish InterMinistry of Science and Technology (CICYT), through the projects LIMNOCAL (CGL2006-13327-C04-01), GLOB-ALKARST (REN2003-09130-C02-02), GRACCIE-CONSOLIDER (CSD2007-00067), DINAMO (CGL2009-645-07992) and CRYOMONT (CGL2010-19724). Additional support was provided by the Spanish National Parks Agency through the project HORDA (083/2009). M. Morellón is supported by a Postdoctoral fellowship funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through FECYT (Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology). A. Perez-Sanz is supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship funded by the Regional Aragonese Government and A. Moreno acknowledges the “Ramón y Cajal” postdoctoral program for funding.Peer Reviewe

Msb2 Shedding Protects Candida albicans against Antimicrobial Peptides

Msb2 is a sensor protein in the plasma membrane of fungi. In the human fungal pathogen C. albicans Msb2 signals via the Cek1 MAP kinase pathway to maintain cell wall integrity and allow filamentous growth. Msb2 doubly epitope-tagged in its large extracellular and small cytoplasmic domain was efficiently cleaved during liquid and surface growth and the extracellular domain was almost quantitatively released into the growth medium. Msb2 cleavage was independent of proteases Sap9, Sap10 and Kex2. Secreted Msb2 was highly O-glycosylated by protein mannosyltransferases including Pmt1 resulting in an apparent molecular mass of >400 kDa. Deletion analyses revealed that the transmembrane region is required for Msb2 function, while the large N-terminal and the small cytoplasmic region function to downregulate Msb2 signaling or, respectively, allow its induction by tunicamycin. Purified extracellular Msb2 domain protected fungal and bacterial cells effectively from antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) histatin-5 and LL-37. AMP inactivation was not due to degradation but depended on the quantity and length of the Msb2 glycofragment. C. albicans msb2 mutants were supersensitive to LL-37 but not histatin-5, suggesting that secreted rather than cell-associated Msb2 determines AMP protection. Thus, in addition to its sensor function Msb2 has a second activity because shedding of its glycofragment generates AMP quorum resistance

Interacción entre clima y ocupación humana en la configuración del paisaje vegetal del Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici a lo largo de los últimos 15.000 años

The vegetation of the National Park of Aigüestortes i Estany de St Maurici is the result of an interaction between climate, plant community dynamics and the human occupation of the territory. The OCUPAproject aimed to reconstruct this interaction across the last millennia combining methods from palaeoecology and archaeology. The study focused primarily on the Sant Nicolau valley and built on the multidisciplinary analysis of the sedimentary archive of two lakes (Llebreta and Redó) and a number of archaeological sites located in shelters and outdoors. There is archaeological evidence of human presencesince 9000 yr cal BP, and a continuous record since 7500 yr cal BP. At early stages, humans transformed the surroundings of the shelters occupied and lithic tools indicate contacts with locations far away (i.e.,the Ebro plains). Since more than 3000 years ago, there has been human impact on the vegetation withoutinterruption until present. Initially, the impacts were mostly related to livestock: use of fire to open grazing lands, soil erosion and, during the medieval period, forestry and eutrophication of lakes. The agriculture impact in the lower part of the valley (e.g., Llebreta) occurred about 2100 yr ago, although some cereal grains and tools for harvesting have been found for the Neolithic. In the medieval period, the impact was higher than during the last centuries. In general, the changes in the human land use approximately follow the major changes in climate, but the specific causal link is likely related to the social and cultural dynamics of a broader territory since the Neolithic