Fuel sloshing effect on dynamic loads

The aim of this paper is to study how the effect of fuel sloshing can help to reduce the dynamic loads on the wing. The aircraft chosen for the study is the Airbus A400M military transport aircraft (Figure 1.1). Moreover, since the purpose is to understand in a better way the behavior of the aircraft, this paper could make the actual model (which is very precise) to be even more accurate in conditions with significant fuel movement compared with the real behavior. Chapter 1 will demonstrate that the critical case for sizing of the wing is an intermediate fuel contents configuration and will prove that a higher damping helps to reduce dynamic loads. An estimation of the dynamic loads reduction is presented for the A400M case. This chapter also comments different ways to model the sloshing produced by liquids and how it has been treated in certain fields of industry. In Chapter 2, a simplified model in NASTRAN is created to reproduce in a simpler way the behaviour of the wing. The main dynamic parameters of the wing (modal frequencies and modal shapes) have been used to create this model. Different variations and models are used in order to study the effect of fuel in dynamic loads. Chapter 3 presents a virtual test and describes the model used in Pam-Crash, the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) technique and how to apply it. SPH technique is an advanced tool for representing liquid behaviour and by which more accurate results could be obtained. Chapter 4 covers the result of the virtual test applied to the Pam-Crash model. It includes the evolution of main parameters with the variation of fuel and ribs configurations. Chapter 5 proposes how to relate Pam-Crash data with NASTRAN data through two ways. It also contains the expected benefits that this test could bring to the industry. Chapter 6 proposes future work (improvements for the virtual test and a real physical test with its budget) and summarizes the steps followed.Ingeniería Aeroespacia

A Highly Available Cluster of Web Servers with Increased Storage Capacity

Ponencias de las Decimoséptimas Jornadas de Paralelismo de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha celebradas el 18,19 y 20 de septiembre de 2006 en AlbaceteWeb servers scalability has been traditionally solved by improving software elements or increasing hardware resources of the server machine. Another approach has been the usage of distributed architectures. In such architectures, usually, file al- location strategy has been either full replication or full distribution. In previous works we have showed that partial replication offers a good balance between storage capacity and reliability. It offers much higher storage capacity while reliability may be kept at an equivalent level of that from fully replicated solutions. In this paper we present the architectural details of Web cluster solutions adapted to partial replication. We also show that partial replication does not imply a penalty in performance over classical fully replicated architectures. For evaluation purposes we have used a simulation model under the OMNeT++ framework and we use mean service time as a performance comparison metric.Publicad

La enfermedad de Parkinson y cómo afrontarla

Introducción: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo crónico ocasionado por la destrucción de neuronas dopaminérgicas. Fue descubierta en 1817 por James Parkinson, que calificó el temblor, la bradicinesia y la inestabilidad postural como los signos más importantes de la enfermedad. No se conoce la causa concreta, aunque se cree que se debe al conjunto de factores genéticos, medioambientales y al envejecimiento. No existen pruebas diagnósticas que detecten directamente la EP, así como tampoco existe ningún tratamiento curativo. No obstante, se puede detectar mediante un diagnóstico clínico y existen tratamientos para controlar y ralentizar el avance de las manifestaciones que produce.La prevalencia e incidencia españolas son similares a las de Europa (80000-100000 enfermos; un nuevo caso al año por cada 10000 habitantes).Dada la dependencia que produce la EP, es necesario adoptar unos cuidados para intentar mantener una buena calidad de vida. Estos cuidados generan una gran carga en el cuidador principal, por lo que debe cuidarse apoyándose en sus familiares o solicitando ayuda donde sea preciso. Objetivos: el objetivo principal de este trabajo es elaborar un programa de educación para la salud que aumente los conocimientos de la EP y ofrezca recursos para mejorar su calidad de vida.Desarrollo: se ha elaborado un programa de educación para la salud dirigido a pacientes con EP en fase leve y a sus cuidadores. Este programa constará de tres sesiones de 90 minutos cada una. En las sesiones se informará sobre la definición de la EP, su clínica, su epidemiología, su diagnóstico, las complicaciones que pueden presentarse, los tratamientos empleados, la depresión en la EP, el autocuidado del cuidador y los recursos de apoyo disponibles.Conclusiones: La EP afecta severamente a la calidad de vida del paciente. No existe tratamiento curativo pero hay tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos que controlan su sintomatología. Debido a la dependencia que provoca la enfermedad, es necesaria la presencia de un cuidador principal, que puede sufrir sobrecarga del cuidador. La depresión es uno de los síntomas que más aumentan esta sobrecarga. Las asociaciones de Parkinson proporcionan un gran apoyo tanto a pacientes de EP como a sus cuidadores.<br /

Electro-refraction modulation predictions for silicon graphene waveguides in the 1540-1560 nm region

(c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.We derive analytical approximations for the variation of the effective indices of the fundamental transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes with the chemical potential of graphene in three common types of silicon graphene waveguides. In all cases, a third-order polynomial provides an excellent degree of approximation (<; 10-4) over the 1540-1560 nm wavelength band. The approximations can be useful in the design of complex-integrated photonic circuits where graphene is employed to tune the refractive of the dielectric waveguides.This work was supported in part by the Research Excellency Award Program GVA PROMETEO II/2013/012; in part by Spanish MINECO projects TEC2013-42332-P PIF4ESP, TEC2015-69787-REDT PIC4TB, and TEC2014-60378-C2-1-R MEMES; and in part by projects FEDER UPVOV 10-3E-492 and FEDER UPVOV 08-3E-008. The work of D. Perez was supported by the FPI-UPV Grant Program from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Pérez-López, D.; Doménech Gómez, JD.; Muñoz Muñoz, P.; Capmany Francoy, J. (2016). Electro-refraction modulation predictions for silicon graphene waveguides in the 1540-1560 nm region. IEEE Photonics Journal. 8(5):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2016.2598781S1138

Figures of merit for self-beating filtered microwave photonic systems

© 2016 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited[EN] We present a model to compute the figures of merit of self-beating Microwave Photonic systems, a novel class of systems that work on a self-homodyne fashion by sharing the same laser source for information bearing and local oscillator tasks. General and simplified expressions are given and, as an example, we have considered their application to the design of a tunable RF MWP BS/UE front end for band selection, based on a Chebyshev Type-II optical filter. The applicability and usefulness of the model are also discussed.This research work is funded by INTEL Corporation. In addition, the authors wish to acknowledge the financial support given by the Research Excellency Award Program GVA PROMETEO II/2013/012, Spanish MINECO projects TEC2013-42332-P PIF4ESP, TEC2015-69787-REDT PIC4TB and TEC2014-60378-C2-1-R MEMES, as well as the projects FEDER UPVOV 10-3E-492 and FEDER UPVOV 08-3E-008. The work of D. Perez was supported by the FPI-UPV Grant Program from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the work of I. Gasulla was supported by the Spanish MINECO through the Ramon y Cajal Program.Pérez-López, D.; Gasulla Mestre, I.; Capmany Francoy, J.; Sánchez Fandiño, JA.; Muñoz Muñoz, P.; Alavi, H. (2016). Figures of merit for self-beating filtered microwave photonic systems. Optics Express. 24(9):10087-10102. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.010087S1008710102249Capmany, J., & Novak, D. (2007). Microwave photonics combines two worlds. Nature Photonics, 1(6), 319-330. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2007.89Yao, J. (2009). Microwave Photonics. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27(3), 314-335. doi:10.1109/jlt.2008.2009551Mitchell, J. E. (2014). Integrated Wireless Backhaul Over Optical Access Networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 32(20), 3373-3382. doi:10.1109/jlt.2014.2321774Pastor, D., Ortega, B., Capmany, J., Fonjallaz, P.-Y., & Popov, M. (2004). Tunable microwave photonic filter for noise and interference suppression in UMTS base stations. Electronics Letters, 40(16), 997. doi:10.1049/el:20045500Long live radio. (2011). Nature Photonics, 5(12), 723-723. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2011.316Ricchiuti, A. L., Hervas, J., Barrera, D., Sales, S., & Capmany, J. (2014). Microwave Photonics Filtering Technique for Interrogating a Very-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Cascade Sensor. IEEE Photonics Journal, 6(6), 1-10. doi:10.1109/jphot.2014.2363443Marpaung, D., Roeloffzen, C., Heideman, R., Leinse, A., Sales, S., & Capmany, J. (2013). Integrated microwave photonics. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 7(4), 506-538. doi:10.1002/lpor.201200032Capmany, J., Mora, J., Gasulla, I., Sancho, J., Lloret, J., & Sales, S. (2013). Microwave Photonic Signal Processing. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(4), 571-586. doi:10.1109/jlt.2012.2222348Roeloffzen, C. G. H., Zhuang, L., Taddei, C., Leinse, A., Heideman, R. G., van Dijk, P. W. L., … Boller, K.-J. (2013). Silicon nitride microwave photonic circuits. Optics Express, 21(19), 22937. doi:10.1364/oe.21.022937Gasulla, I., & Capmany, J. (2011). Analytical model and figures of merit for filtered Microwave photonic links. Optics Express, 19(20), 19758. doi:10.1364/oe.19.019758Xie, H., Oliaei, O., Rakers, P., Fernandez, R., Xiang, J., Parkes, J., … Schwartz, D. B. (2012). Single-Chip Multiband EGPRS and SAW-Less LTE WCDMA CMOS Receiver With Diversity. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 60(5), 1390-1396. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2012.2187796Rasras, M. S., Chen, Y.-K., Tu, K.-Y., Earnshaw, M. P., Pardo, F., Cappuzzo, M. A., … DeSalvo, R. (2012). Reconfigurable Linear Optical FM Discriminator. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 24(20), 1856-1859. doi:10.1109/lpt.2012.2217483Alipour, P., Eftekhar, A. A., Atabaki, A. H., Li, Q., Yegnanarayanan, S., Madsen, C. K., & Adibi, A. (2011). Fully reconfigurable compact RF photonic filters using high-Q silicon microdisk resonators. Optics Express, 19(17), 15899. doi:10.1364/oe.19.015899Ibrahim, S., Fontaine, N. K., Djordjevic, S. S., Guan, B., Su, T., Cheung, S., … Yoo, S. J. B. (2011). Demonstration of a fast-reconfigurable silicon CMOS optical lattice filter. Optics Express, 19(14), 13245. doi:10.1364/oe.19.013245Fandiño, J. S., Doménech, J. D., Muñoz, P., & Capmany, J. (2013). Integrated InP frequency discriminator for Phase-modulated microwave photonic links. Optics Express, 21(3), 3726. doi:10.1364/oe.21.003726Pérez, D., Gasulla, I., & Capmany, J. (2015). Software-defined reconfigurable microwave photonics processor. Optics Express, 23(11), 14640. doi:10.1364/oe.23.014640Capmany, J., Gasulla, I., & Pérez, D. (2015). The programmable processor. Nature Photonics, 10(1), 6-8. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.254Liu, W., Li, M., Guzzon, R. S., Norberg, E. J., Parker, J. S., Lu, M., … Yao, J. (2016). A fully reconfigurable photonic integrated signal processor. Nature Photonics, 10(3), 190-195. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.281Madsen, C. K. (1998). Efficient architectures for exactly realizing optical filters with optimum bandpass designs. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 10(8), 1136-1138. doi:10.1109/68.701527Besse, P. A., Gini, E., Bachmann, M., & Melchior, H. (1996). New 2×2 and 1×3 multimode interference couplers with free selection of power splitting ratios. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 14(10), 2286-2293. doi:10.1109/50.54122

Third-order linearization for self-beating filtered microwave photonic systems using a dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator

© 2016 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibitedWe develop, analyze and apply a linearization technique based on dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to self-beating microwave photonics systems. The approach enables broadband low-distortion transmission and reception at expense of a moderate electrical power penalty yielding a small optical power penalty (<1 dB).This research work is funded by INTEL Corporation. The work of D. Perez was supported by the FPI-UPV Grant Program from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the work of I. Gasulla was supported by the Spanish MINECO through the Ramon y Cajal Program.Pérez-López, D.; Gasulla Mestre, I.; Capmany Francoy, J.; Sanchez Fandiño, JA.; Muñoz Muñoz, P.; Alavi, H. (2016). Third-order linearization for self-beating filtered microwave photonic systems using a dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. Optics Express. 24(18):20632-20640. doi:10.1364/OE.24.020632S2063220640241

Enfermedad de Wilson: generalidades y enfoque en un estudio de correlación para la determinación de ceruloplasmina sérica entre dos métodos para su diagnóstico

Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, causing cirrhosis of the liver and neuronal degeneration. A Pearson correlation study was carried out for 165 samples from the Immunology and Nephrology Divisions of the Clinical Laboratory of the San Juan de Dios Hospital, between the method considered as a reference, which is the enzymatic activity, and the serum concentration, which is the study method. They were segregated into three different groups according to the result obtained by the enzyme activity methodology and based on the reference values defined by this reference methodology in "values below the lower reference value", "values within the reference interval" and "values higher than the upper limit of reference ". A Pearson correlation study was performed for each group. It was evidenced that there is a poor correlation for the 4 settings, obtaining r = 0.84, r = 0.40, r = 0.44 and r = 0.74 respectively. It is recommended not to perform serum ceruloplasmin determinations based solely on the concentration of this protein carried out by immunoturbidimetry, especially in patients with suspected diagnosis of Wilson's disease. It was shown that there is a low correlation between the 2 available methodologies throughout their analytical range. The enzyme activity methodology is still considered the gold standard for the determination of this protein.La enfermedad de Wilson es un trastorno autosómico recesivo del metabolismo del cobre, que produce cirrosis hepática y degeneración neuronal. Se realizó un estudio de correlación de Pearson para 165 muestras de las Divisiones de Inmunología y Nefrología del Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital San Juan de Dios, entre el método considerado como referencia, que es la actividad enzimática, y la concentración sérica, que es el método de estudio. Se segregaron en tres grupos distintos según el resultado obtenido por la metodología de actividad enzimática y basados en los valores de referencia definidos por esta metodología de referencia en “valores por debajo del valor inferior de referencia”, “valores dentro del intervalo de referencia” y “valores superiores al límite superior de referencia” y se realizó un estudio de correlación de Pearson para cada grupo. Se evidenció que existe una pobre correlación para los 4 escenarios planteados obteniendo r = 0,84, r = 0,40, r = 0,44 y r = 0,74 respectivamente. Se recomienda no realizar determinaciones de ceruloplasmina sérica basadas únicamente en la concentración de esta proteína llevadas a cabo por inmunoturbidimetría, especialmente en pacientes con sospechas diagnósticas por Enfermedad de Wilson. Se demostró que existe una baja correlación entre las 2 metodologías disponibles en todo su intervalo analítico. La metodología de la actividad enzimática es considerada aún como el estándar de oro para la determinación de esta proteína

A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial in the Gingivitis Prevention with an Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin Nutritional Supplement

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness on tissue response of the new nutritional supplement made of oligomeric proanthocyanidins in induced gingivitis after 21 days of use. Material and Methods. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out on 20 patients; it is divided into an experimental group and a control group after fulfilling the selection criteria. Patients had to come 4 times during the study to register the Silness and Löe index, the gingival bleeding index, the plaque index, the inflammatory crevicular fluid study (IL6), and the changes in the brightness of the gingiva. No complementary hygiene methods were allowed during the 21 days. Results. The Silness and Löe index was higher in the control group than in the experimental group, reaching a twofold difference between the groups (p < 0 0001). The gingival bleeding index also supports this fact, since the bleeding was lower in the experimental group (p < 0 005). However, the dental plaque on the tooth surface according to the plaque index was 33% higher in the experimental group (p < 0 006). Some differences in the IL-6 were found in the crevicular fluid (p < 0 0001). Conclusion. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins have an effect on the periodontal tissue’s health. No effects on the accumulation of plaque on the tooth surface were found, so further studies are needed to determine the nature of the plaque

Aerosol properties over the western Mediterranean basin: temporal and spatial variability

This study focuses on the analysis of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol data obtained over Alborán Island (35.90° N, 3.03° W, 15 m a.s.l.) in the western Mediterranean from July 2011 to January 2012. Additional aerosol data from the three nearest AERONET stations (Málaga, Oujda and Palma de Mallorca) and the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) were also analyzed in order to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of aerosol over this scarcely explored region. High aerosol loads over Alborán were mainly associated with desert dust transport from North Africa and occasional advection of anthropogenic fine particles from central European urban-industrial areas. The fine particle load observed over Alborán was surprisingly similar to that obtained over the other three nearest AERONET stations, suggesting homogeneous spatial distribution of fine particle loads over the four studied sites in spite of the large differences in local sources. The results from MAN acquired over the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Atlantic Ocean from July to November 2011 revealed a pronounced predominance of fine particles during the cruise period.This work was supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through projects P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through projects CGL2010-18782, and CGL2013-45410-R; and by the EU through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254). CIMEL Calibration was performed at the AERONET-EUROPE calibration center, supported by ACTRIS (European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254

Problem Based Learning: a tool to improve maritime safety learning in the Merchant Maritime University degrees

Since 2010, the University of Cádiz offers three new degree programs related to merchant marine officers studies. These three degrees cover the training and certification of deck officers, marine engineers and radio- electronic officers, clustered under the EINAMAR (Escuela de Ingeniería Marina,Naútica y Radioelectrónica) umbrella. These degrees are designed to provide the students not only with the proper academic certificate but also with a fully worldwide recognized professional certificate. This is the reason why the studies not only have to fully fulfill the academic quality requirements laid down by ANECA (Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación) or DEVA (Dirección de Evaluación y Acreditación – Agencia Andaluza del Conocimiento-) but also with the standard qualifications set up by the International Convention on Standard of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW 95) for seafarers as amended in 2010 (Manila Amendments). According to this, as far as the students finish successfully their studies, and after an onboard training period, they will be able to obtain both, the academic and the professional certificates. “Maritime Safety” is a one of the core subjects for these three programs and it has been designed as a transversal subject in such a way that all the students have the same contents and schedule. This subject aims to provide the students with the theoretical and practical training to cope with any situation involving fire prevention and firefighting as well as incident and accident prevention and resolution on board. It also introduces student into the world of contingency planning and evacuation procedures on board, the knowledge of how to use survival crafts and equipment to increase probabilities of survival when abandoning the ship, and the most appropriate techniques and procedures when abandoning the ship and boarding the survival crafts. The main aim of the practical part of the subject is to improve the on board safety and risk awareness and to let the students get used to the most appropriate techniques and procedures as well as the use and maintenance of the protective equipment available on board. To achieve this goal, problem based learning techniques related to real situations on board have been applied. One of the specific practical workshop that have been implemented during the course, deals with the student training level in the use of SCBA (Self-contained reathing apparatus) and other protective equipment as well as orientation and search and rescue techniques within hostile environments with sensorial losses. As these situations can arise on board students must be familiar with them in order to properly face them. The aim of this specific workshop is not only to improve the students’ safety and risk awareness but also to encourage, strengthen and increase other professional and social skills