Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en técnicos de asepsia y antisepsia en el personal médico y enfermería, servicios de obstetricia y neonatología. Hospital Alfonso Moncada Guillén. Ocotal, Nueva Segovia. Junio-Diciembre 2006.

Se encontró que más del 60% de los sujetos en estudio tenían conocimientos de asepsia de regulares a deficientes; en el 56% los conocimientos de asepsia y antisepsia son regulares o deficientes. La actitud ante las técnicas de asepsia y antisepsia; en un 48% de los sujetos es regular o mala. Las prácticas de estas técnicas resultaron deficientes. El conocimiento en técnicas de asepsia y antisepsia que tiene el personal médico no es adecuado, en cambio el personal de enfermería presenta mejores niveles de conocimientos, siendo éstos más sólidos en el área de la antisepsia que en el área de asepsia. Las prácticas de asepsia y antisepsia de los sujetos estudiados fueron desalentadoras, sobre todo en el personal de enfermería; quienes demostraron tener buenos conocimientos al respecto

Current and historical factors drive variation of reproductive traits in unisexual mosses in Europe: A case study

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiereUnisexual bryophytes provide excellent models to study the mechanisms that regulate the frequency of sexual versus asexual reproduction in plants, and their ecological and evolutionary implications. Here, we determined sex expression, phenotypic sex ratio, and individual shoot traits in 242 populations of the cosmopolitan moss Pseudoscleropodium purum spanning its whole distributional range. We tested whether niche differentiation, sex‐specific differences in shoot size, and biogeographical history explained the spatial variation of reproductive traits. We observed high levels of sex expression and predominantly female‐biased populations, although both traits showed high intraspecific variation among populations. Sex expression and sex ratio were partly explained by current macroscale environmental variation, with male shoots being less frequent at the higher end of the environmental gradients defined by the current distribution of the species. Female bias in population sex ratio was significantly lower in areas recolonized after the last glacial maximum (recent populations) than in glacial refugia (long‐term persistent populations). We demonstrated that reproductive trait variation in perennial unisexual mosses is partially driven by macroscale and historical environmental variation. Based on our results, we hypothesize that sexual dimorphism in environmental tolerance and vegetative growth contribute to sex ratio bias over time, constraining the chances of sexual reproduction, especially in long‐term persistent populations. Further studies combining genetic analyses and population monitoring should improve our understanding of the implications of the intraspecific variation in the frequency of sexual versus asexual reproduction in bryophyte population fitness and eco‐evolutionary dynamic

Survival of Moss Reproductive Structures under Simulated Martian Environmental Conditions and Extreme Thermal Stress: Vibrational Spectroscopic Study and Astrobiological Implications

The principal goal of astrobiology is the search for extraterrestrial life forms. A key aspect is the study of the ability of different kinds of terrestrial organisms to support simulated extraterrestrial environmental conditions. Mosses are multicellular green plants, poorly studied from an astrobiological perspective. In this paper, we report experimental results obtained using two species of moss, which demonstrate that both the spores of the moss Funaria hygrometrica as well as the desiccated vegetative gametophyte shoots of the moss Tortella squarrosa (=Pleurochaete squarrosa) were capable of resisting Simulated Martian Environmental Conditions (SMEC): Mars simulated atmospheric composition 99.9% CO2, and 0.6% H2O with a pressure of 7 mbars, -73 ºC and UV irradiation of 30 mW cm-2 in a wavelength range of 200-400 nm under a limited short time of exposition of 2 hours. After being exposed to SMEC and then transferred to an appropriate growth medium, the F. hygrometrica spores germinated, producing typical gametophyte protonemal cells and leafy shoots. Likewise, detached leaves from SMEC-exposed gametophyte shoots of T. squarrosa retained the ability to produce new protonemata and shoots under suitable growth conditions. Furthermore, we studied the tolerance of these moss structures to a thermal stress of 100 °C for 1 h; in both cases the spores and shoots were capable of resisting this heat treatment. Our study using FT-Raman and FT-IR vibrational spectroscopy demonstrated that neither spores nor shoots apparently suffered significant damage in their biomolecular makeup after being subject to these stress treatments. The implications of these findings for the search of life on Mars are discussed

Applying the Modified Ten-Group Robson Classification in a Spanish Tertiary Hospital

[EN] Background: Caesarean section is necessary to save the lives of mothers and newborns at times, but it is important to perform it only when it is essential due to all the risks involved. This study aimed to examine the rate of caesarean sections performed at a tertiary hospital using the Robson classification to detect methods for the detection of and/or reduction in these caesarean section rates. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of a retrospective database was carried out. Results: A total of 10,317 births were assessed. The Robson classification was used to assess these interventions and verify whether the indication for performed caesarean sections was appropriate. In total, 2036 births by caesarean section were performed in the whole sample. The annual caesarean section rate varied between 18.67% and 21.18%. Conclusions: Caesarean sections increased by about 20% in 2021 compared to 2020 even though the trend over the years of study was decreasing. Vaginal delivery after caesarean section is a reasonable and safe option. Caesarean section rates could be improved, mostly in Robson’s Group 2. The Robson classification facilitated progress in the implementation of measures aimed at improving care and adjusting caesarean section rates.S

Integration of new methodologies/methods/examples of best practices in the pedagogy studies process

Project: Optimizing the Network of Higher Education Institutions and Improving the Quality of Studies by Merging Šiauliai University and Vilnius University SFMIS No: 09.3.1-ESFA-V-738-03-0001, funded by European Structural Funds Agenc

Mitochondrial bioenergetic is impaired in Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency: a new clinical case and review of the literature

Background: Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) deficiency has recently been described as a rare cause of recurrent ketosis, the result of impaired ketone utilization in extrahepatic tissues. To date, only six patients with this condition have been identified, and clinical and biochemical details remain incomplete. Results: The present work reports a patient suffering from severe, recurrent episodes of metabolic acidosis and psychomotor delay, showing a pathogenic loss-of-function variation c.747_750del in homozygosity in SLC16A1 (which codes for MCT1). Persistent ketotic and lactic acidosis was accompanied by an abnormal excretion of organic acids related to redox balance disturbances. Together with an altered bioenergetic profile detected in patient-derived fibroblasts, this suggests possible mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain MRI revealed extensive, diffuse bilateral, symmetric signal alterations for the subcortical white matter and basal ganglia, together with corpus callosum agenesia. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the clinical spectrum of MCT1 deficiency not only involves recurrent atacks of ketoacidosis, but may also cause lactic acidosis and neuromotor delay with a distinctive neuroimaging pattern including agenesis of corpus callosum and other brain signal alterationsThis work was funded by grant PI19/01155, B2017/BMD-3721 and the European Regional Development Fund. Open Acces is supported by Fundación Ramón Areces (Grant No. CIVP17A2827

Genetic variation in interleukin 28B with respect to vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus and spontaneous clearance in HCV-infected children.

La transmisión vertical del virus de la hepatitis C (HCV-VT) es una ruta principal de infección por HCV en niños, pero los factores de riesgo no se comprenden completamente. Este estudio analizó el papel de la interleucina 28B (IL28B) en HCV-VT y en la eliminación espontánea de HCV entre los infantes infectados. Entre 1991 y 2009, se reclutaron 145 madres para este estudio: 100 eran HCV-RNA+ve / VIH negativo (HIV-ve), con 128 niños, y 33 eran HCV-RNA-ve / HCV anticuerpo+ve, con 43 niños. Los infantes fueron evaluados para HCV-RNA al nacer y a intervalos regulares hasta la edad de 6 años. Se determinó IL28B (polimorfismo de nucleótido simple rs12979860) en las madres y los niños. Se asumió HCV-VT cuando los niños presentaron HCV-RNA+ve en dos muestras de sangre consecutivas. Los infantes infectados por HCV-VT se categorizaron como: (1) viremia transitoria con posterior HCV-RNA-ve y sin seroconversión; (2) infección persistente con seroconversión. De las 31 madres con polimorfismo CC, 19 (61%) eran HCV-RNA+ve, mientras que entre las 68 madres con polimorfismo no-CC, 56 (82%) eran HCV-RNA+ve. En total, 26 de 128 (20%) infantes nacidos de madres HCV-RNA+ve adquirieron la infección por HCV, pero solo 9 (7%) estaban crónicamente infectados. La tasa de HCV-VT fue mayor entre las madres con mayor viremia de HCV. No se detectó HCV-VT en las mujeres HCV-RNA-ve. Ni el estado de IL-28 de las madres ni el de los niños se asoció con un mayor riesgo de HCV-VT. Los factores que influyen en la eliminación viral entre los niños infectados fueron el genotipo no-1 y el genotipo CC de IL28B. En la regresión logística, el polimorfismo CC del niño fue el único predictor de la eliminación de HCV en el genotipo-1 de HCV. Conclusión: La alta carga viral materna es el único factor predictivo de HCV-VT. IL28B no juega ningún papel en HCV-VT, pero el polimorfismo CC de IL28B en niños se asocia independientemente con la eliminación espontánea del genotipo-1 de HCV entre los niños infectados. (HEPATOLOGÍA 2011;53:1830-1838

Impact of hospitalization on nutritional status in persons aged 65 years and over (NUTRIFRAG Study): Protocol for a prospective observational study

[ES] Background Malnutrition is a recurring problem that has become more relevant in recent years. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of malnutrition and nutritional status on admission and its evolution until discharge in patients aged 65 and over admitted to medical and surgical hospitalization units in hospitals of the Spanish National Health System. Methods Prospective observational study to be carried out in the medical-surgical hospitalization units of 9 public hospitals between 01/09/2022 and 31/12/2024. Using consecutive sampling, a total of 4077 patients will be included (453 in each hospital). Variables included are related to the care process, functionality, cognition and comorbidity, risk profile, nutritional status and dysphagia; as well as frailty, dietary quality and contextual variables. The incidence of risk of malnutrition, undernutrition and dysphagia during the care process and at discharge will be calculated. The association with risk factors will be studied with logistic regression models and multivariate Cox regression models. In addition, an analysis of participants’ satisfaction with food services will be carried out. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee on 30/09/2020, approved for funding on 02/12/2021 and with registration number RBR-5jnbyhk in the Brazilian clinical trials database (ReBEC) for observational studies. Discussion Some studies address nutritional status or dysphagia in older people in various care settings. However, there is a lack of large sample studies including both processes of the impact of hospitalization. The results of the project will provide information on the incidence and prevalence of both pathologies in the study subjects, their associated factors and their relationship with the average length of stay, mortality and early readmission. In addition, early detection of a problem such as malnutrition related to the disease and/or dysphagia during a hospital stay will favor the action of professionals to resolve both pathologies and improve the health status of patients.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the Project "PI21/00738" and co-funded by the European Union. The funders did not and will not have a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Combined Immune Defect in B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders Is Associated with Severe Infection and Cancer Progression

This research received no external funding. K.G.-H is supported by The European Social Fund (ESF) through a Río Ortega Grant for Health Research Projects by the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) (CM20/00098).B cell chronic lymphoproliferative diseases (B-CLPD) are associated with secondary antibody deficiency and other innate and adaptive immune defects, whose impact on infectious risk has not been systematically addressed. We performed an immunological analysis of a cohort of 83 B-CLPD patients with recurrent and/or severe infections to ascertain the clinical relevance of the immune deficiency expression. B-cell defects were present in all patients. Patients with combined immune defect had a 3.69-fold higher risk for severe infection (p = 0.001) than those with predominantly antibody defect. Interestingly, by Kaplan–Meier analysis, combined immune defect showed an earlier progression of cancer with a hazard ratio of 3.21, than predominantly antibody defect (p = 0.005). When B-CLPD were classified in low-degree, high-degree, and plasma cell dyscrasias, risk of severe disease and cancer progression significantly diverged in combined immune defect, compared with predominantly antibody defect (p = 0.001). Remarkably, an underlying primary immunodeficiency (PID) was suspected in 12 patients (14%), due to prior history of infections, autoimmune and granulomatous conditions, atypical or variegated course and compatible biological data. This first proposed SID classification might have relevant clinical implications, in terms of predicting severe infections and cancer progression, and might be applied to different B-CLPD entities.Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu

Primer curso de Bioderecho y los Comités de Ética en Investigación “Cuestiones fundamentales desde el Derecho, la Ética y la Ciencia"

Contenido resumen del primer curso de Bioderecho y los Comités de Ética en Investigación “Cuestiones fundamentales desde el Derecho, la Ética y la Ciencia”. Organizado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Centro Universitario de la Costa. Celebradas el 23 y 24 de octubre de 2014 en Puerto Vallarta, México