Lipoma parostal de fémur: Aportación de un caso

Describimos un caso de lipoma parostal de fémur, un tumor benigno poco frecuente formado por tejido adiposo maduro en relación con el periostio. Nuestro objetivo es documentar el caso, comentando los hallazgos radiológicos, histológicos y el tratamiento y realizar una revisión bibliográfica.We describe a case of parosteal lipoma of the femur. It is an infrequent benign neoplasm composed of mature fat, intermately connected with the periosteum. Our aim is to document the case, and comment the radiological, histological findings, and treatment, and review the literature

Peptide and amino acid metabolism is controlled by an OmpR-family response regulator in Lactobacillus casei

A Lactobacillus casei BL23 strain defective in an OmpR-family response regulator encoded by LCABL_18980 (PrcR, RR11), showed enhanced proteolytic activity caused by overexpression of the gene encoding the proteinase PrtP. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that, in addition to prtP expression, PrcR regulates genes encoding peptide and amino acid transporters, intracellular peptidases and amino acid biosynthetic pathways, among others. Binding of PrcR to twelve promoter regions of both upregulated and downregulated genes, including its own promoter, was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays showing that PrcR can act as a transcriptional repressor or activator. Phosphorylation of PrcR increased its DNA binding activity and this effect was abolished after replacement of the phosphorylatable residue Asp-52 by alanine. Comparison of the transcript levels in cells grown in the presence or absence of tryptone in the growth medium revealed that PrcR activity responded to the presence of a complex amino acid source in the growth medium. We conclude that the PrcR plays a major role in the control of the peptide and amino acid metabolism in L. casei BL23. Orthologous prcR genes are present in most members of the Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae families. We hypothesize that they play a similar role in these bacterial groups.This work was financed by funds from the former Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2007-60975 and AGL2010-15679) and Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP2012/137). A. Revilla-Guarinos was the recipient of a research fellowship from the Instituto Danone.Peer reviewe

Intestinal Explant Cultures from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) Allowed the Determination of Mucosal Sensitivity to Bacterial Pathogens and the Impact of a Plant Protein Diet

[EN] The interaction between diet and intestinal health has been widely discussed, although in vivo approaches have reported limitations. The intestine explant culture system developed provides an advantage since it reduces the number of experimental fish and increases the time of incubation compared to similar methods, becoming a valuable tool in the study of the interactions between pathogenic bacteria, rearing conditions, or dietary components and fish gut immune response. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the total substitution of fish meal by plants on the immune intestinal status of seabream using an ex vivo bacterial challenge. For this aim, two growth stages of fish were assayed (12 g): phase I (90 days), up to 68 g, and phase II (305 days), up to 250 g. Additionally, in phase II, the effects of long term and short term exposure (15 days) to a plant protein (PP) diet were determined. PP diet altered the mucosal immune homeostasis, the younger fish being more sensitive, and the intestine from fish fed short-term plant diets showed a higher immune response than with long-term feeding. Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) triggered the highest immune and inflammatory response, while COX-2 expression was significantly induced by Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida (P. damselae subsp. Piscicida), showing a positive high correlation between the pro-inflammatory genes encoding interleukin 1 beta (IL1-beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2).The research was supported by a grant financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AGL2015-70487-P. and Generalitat Valenciana, IDIFEDER/2020/029 The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. It was additionally granted by Contrato Pre-doctoral para la Formacion de Profesorado Universitario from Subprogramas de Formacion y Movilidad within the Programa Estatal de Promocion del Talento y su Empleabilidad of the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte of Spain.Peñaranda, D.; Bäuerl, C.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Jover Cerda, M.; Estruch, G.; Pérez Martínez, G.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2020). Intestinal Explant Cultures from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) Allowed the Determination of Mucosal Sensitivity to Bacterial Pathogens and the Impact of a Plant Protein Diet. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21(20):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207584S1202120Minghetti, M., Drieschner, C., Bramaz, N., Schug, H., & Schirmer, K. (2017). A fish intestinal epithelial barrier model established from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell line, RTgutGC. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 33(6), 539-555. doi:10.1007/s10565-017-9385-xGómez, G. D., & Balcázar, J. L. (2008). A review on the interactions between gut microbiota and innate immunity of fish: Table 1. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, 52(2), 145-154. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00343.xJose L Gonzalez Vecino, M. H. (2015). Probiotic and Pathogen Ex-vivo Exposure of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Intestine from Fish Fed Four Different Protein Sources. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 06(05). doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000340Nematollahi, A., Decostere, A., Ducatelle, R., Haesebrouck, F., & Pasmans, F. (2005). Development of a gut perfusion model as an alternative to the use of live fish. Laboratory Animals, 39(2), 194-199. doi:10.1258/0023677053739710Lin, Y.-C., & Chen, J.-C. (2001). Acute toxicity of ammonia on Litopenaeus vannamei Boone juveniles at different salinity levels. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 259(1), 109-119. doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(01)00227-1Nematollahi, A., Pasmans, F., Van den Broeck, W., Ducatelle, R., Haesebrouck, F., & Decostere, A. (2005). Association of Flavobacterium psychrophilum strains with intestinal explants of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 67, 67-72. doi:10.3354/dao067067Harper, G. M., Monfort, M., & Saoud, I. P. (2011). An ex vivo approach to studying the interactions of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici and Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum in the anterior intestine of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, s1. doi:10.4172/2155-9546.s1-004Løvmo Martinsen, L., Salma, W., Myklebust, R., Mayhew, T. M., & Ringø, E. (2011). Carnobacterium maltaromaticum vs. Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum in the midgut of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): an ex vivo study. Aquaculture Research, 42(12), 1830-1839. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02784.xRen, P., Xu, L., Yang, Y., He, S., Liu, W., Ringø, E., & Zhou, Z. (2013). Lactobacillus planarum subsp. plantarum JCM 1149 vs. Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-1 in the anterior intestine and posterior intestine of hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × Oreochromis aureus ♂: An ex vivo study. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 35(1), 146-153. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.023Resau, J. H., Sakamoto, K., Cottrell, J. R., Hudson, E. A., & Meltzer, S. J. (1991). Explant organ culture: A review. Cytotechnology, 7(3), 137-149. doi:10.1007/bf00365924Dame, M. K., Bhagavathula, N., Mankey, C., DaSilva, M., Paruchuri, T., Aslam, M. N., & Varani, J. (2009). Human colon tissue in organ culture: preservation of normal and neoplastic characteristics. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 46(2), 114-122. doi:10.1007/s11626-009-9247-9Bäuerl, C., Llopis, M., Antolín, M., Monedero, V., Mata, M., Zúñiga, M., … Pérez Martínez, G. (2012). Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum strains downregulate proinflammatory genes in an ex vivo system of cultured human colonic mucosa. Genes & Nutrition, 8(2), 165-180. doi:10.1007/s12263-012-0301-yMonge-Ortiz, R., Martínez-Llorens, S., Márquez, L., Moyano, F. J., Jover-Cerdá, M., & Tomás-Vidal, A. (2016). Potential use of high levels of vegetal proteins in diets for market-sized gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Archives of Animal Nutrition, 70(2), 155-172. doi:10.1080/1745039x.2016.1141743Oliva-Teles, A. (2012). Nutrition and health of aquaculture fish. Journal of Fish Diseases, 35(2), 83-108. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01333.xMartínez-Llorens, S., Moñino, A. V., Tomás Vidal, A., Salvador, V. J. M., Pla Torres, M., & Jover Cerdá, M. (2007). Soybean meal as a protein source in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) diets: effects on growth and nutrient utilization. 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W., JAAFARI, S., BAARDSEN, G., ROMBOUT, J. H. W. M., KOPPE, W., & VERRETH, J. A. J. (2009). Variation in commercial sources of soybean meal influences the severity of enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(5), 492-499. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00615.xKokou, F., Sarropoulou, E., Cotou, E., Rigos, G., Henry, M., Alexis, M., & Kentouri, M. (2015). Effects of Fish Meal Replacement by a Soybean Protein on Growth, Histology, Selected Immune and Oxidative Status Markers of Gilthead Sea Bream, Sparus aurata. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46(2), 115-128. doi:10.1111/jwas.12181Pereira, T. G., & Oliva-Teles, A. (2003). Evaluation of corn gluten meal as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) juveniles. Aquaculture Research, 34(13), 1111-1117. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00909.xMartínez-Llorens, S., Baeza-Ariño, R., Nogales-Mérida, S., Jover-Cerdá, M., & Tomás-Vidal, A. (2012). Carob seed germ meal as a partial substitute in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) diets: Amino acid retention, digestibility, gut and liver histology. Aquaculture, 338-341, 124-133. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.01.029Sitjà-Bobadilla, A., Peña-Llopis, S., Gómez-Requeni, P., Médale, F., Kaushik, S., & Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2005). Effect of fish meal replacement by plant protein sources on non-specific defence mechanisms and oxidative stress in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 249(1-4), 387-400. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.03.031Estensoro, I., Ballester-Lozano, G., Benedito-Palos, L., Grammes, F., Martos-Sitcha, J. A., Mydland, L.-T., … Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2016). Dietary Butyrate Helps to Restore the Intestinal Status of a Marine Teleost (Sparus aurata) Fed Extreme Diets Low in Fish Meal and Fish Oil. PLOS ONE, 11(11), e0166564. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166564Kokou, F., Sarropoulou, E., Cotou, E., Kentouri, M., Alexis, M., & Rigos, G. (2017). Effects of graded dietary levels of soy protein concentrate supplemented with methionine and phosphate on the immune and antioxidant responses of gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 64, 111-121. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.017Couso, N., Castro, R., Magariños, B., Obach, A., & Lamas, J. (2003). Effect of oral administration of glucans on the resistance of gilthead seabream to pasteurellosis. Aquaculture, 219(1-4), 99-109. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00019-xMauri, I., Romero, A., Acerete, L., MacKenzie, S., Roher, N., Callol, A., … Tort, L. (2011). Changes in complement responses in Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) under crowding stress, plus viral and bacterial challenges. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 30(1), 182-188. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.10.006Reyes-Becerril, M., López-Medina, T., Ascencio-Valle, F., & Esteban, M. Á. (2011). Immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) following experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2011.07.006Piazzon, M. C., Galindo-Villegas, J., Pereiro, P., Estensoro, I., Calduch-Giner, J. A., Gómez-Casado, E., … Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2016). Differential Modulation of IgT and IgM upon Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral, and Dietary Challenges in a Perciform Fish. Frontiers in Immunology, 7. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00637Monge-Ortiz, R., Tomás-Vidal, A., Gallardo-Álvarez, F. J., Estruch, G., Godoy-Olmos, S., Jover-Cerdá, M., & Martínez-Llorens, S. (2018). Partial and total replacement of fishmeal by a blend of animal and plant proteins in diets for Seriola dumerili : Effects on performance and nutrient efficiency. Aquaculture Nutrition, 24(4), 1163-1174. doi:10.1111/anu.12655Torrecillas, S., Caballero, M. J., Mompel, D., Montero, D., Zamorano, M. J., Robaina, L., … Izquierdo, M. (2017). Disease resistance and response against Vibrio anguillarum intestinal infection in European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) fed low fish meal and fish oil diets. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 67, 302-311. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.022Estruch, G., Collado, M. C., Peñaranda, D. S., Tomás Vidal, A., Jover Cerdá, M., Pérez Martínez, G., & Martinez-Llorens, S. (2015). Impact of Fishmeal Replacement in Diets for Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota Determined by Pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA Gene. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0136389. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136389Estruch, G., Martínez-Llorens, S., Tomás-Vidal, A., Monge-Ortiz, R., Jover-Cerdá, M., Brown, P. B., & Peñaranda, D. S. (2020). Impact of high dietary plant protein with or without marine ingredients in gut mucosa proteome of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.). Journal of Proteomics, 216, 103672. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103672Estruch, G., Collado, M. C., Monge-Ortiz, R., Tomás-Vidal, A., Jover-Cerdá, M., Peñaranda, D. S., … Martínez-Llorens, S. (2018). Long-term feeding with high plant protein based diets in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) leads to changes in the inflammatory and immune related gene expression at intestinal level. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1). doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1626-6Evaluation of Prebiotic and Probiotic Effects on the Intestinal Gut Microbiota and Histology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). (2011). Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, s1. doi:10.4172/2155-9546.s1-009Løkka, G., & Koppang, E. O. (2016). Antigen sampling in the fish intestine. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 64, 138-149. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.014Secombes, C. J., Wang, T., Hong, S., Peddie, S., Crampe, M., Laing, K. J., … Zou, J. (2001). Cytokines and innate immunity of fish. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 25(8-9), 713-723. doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(01)00032-5Gomez, D., Sunyer, J. O., & Salinas, I. (2013). The mucosal immune system of fish: The evolution of tolerating commensals while fighting pathogens. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 35(6), 1729-1739. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.032Krogdahl, Bakke-Mckellep, RØed, & Baeverfjord. (2000). Feeding Atlantic salmonSalmo salarL. soybean products: effects on disease resistance (furunculosis), and lysozyme and IgM levels in the intestinal mucosa. Aquaculture Nutrition, 6(2), 77-84. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2000.00129.xSalinas, I., Zhang, Y.-A., & Sunyer, J. O. (2011). Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fish. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 35(12), 1346-1365. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2011.11.009Chasiotis, H., Effendi, J. C., & Kelly, S. P. (2008). Occludin expression in goldfish held in ion-poor water. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 179(2), 145-154. doi:10.1007/s00360-008-0297-1Sánchez-Lozano, N. B., Martínez-Llorens, S., Tomás-Vidal, A., & Cerdá, M. J. (2009). 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A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3Pfaffl, M. W., Tichopad, A., Prgomet, C., & Neuvians, T. P. (2004). Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: BestKeeper – Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations. Biotechnology Letters, 26(6), 509-515. doi:10.1023/b:bile.0000019559.84305.4

Internal communication and human development in the regional restaurant sector in Yucatán, Mexico

A gastronomia yucateca é um dos bens culturais distintivos do México. Por isso, realizou-se um estudo quantitativo com três restaurantes de comida regional de Mérida, Yucatán, nos quais seus colaboradores foram entrevistados para determinar se a comunicação está relacionada com a conformação de uma cultura organizacional que gera representações sociais vinculadas às tradições regionais e ao crescimento dos colaboradores em términos de bem-estar para o desenvolvimento humano. Elegeu-se este turno já que em Yucatán o setor de restaurantes regional tem um lugar preponderante na economia local.Yucatan´s gastronomy is one of the distinctive cultural assets of Mexico. Because of this, a quantitative study was conducted with three regional food restaurants in Mérida, Yucatán, in which their collaborators were interviewed to determine if the communication is related to the conformation of an organizational culture that generates social representations linked to the regional traditions and the growth of employees in terms of welfare for human development. This turn was chosen since in Yucatan the regional restaurant sector has a preponderant place in the local economy.La gastronomía yucateca es uno de los bienes culturales distintivos de México. Por ello, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo con tres restaurantes de comida regional de Mérida, Yucatán, en los cuales se entrevistó a sus colaboradores para determinar si la comunicación está relacionada con la conformación de una cultura organizacional que genere representaciones sociales vinculadas a las tradiciones regionales y al crecimiento de los colaboradores en términos de bienestar para el desarrollo humano. Se eligió este giro ya que en Yucatán el sector restaurantero regional tiene un lugar preponderante en la economía local

Characterization of a novel Lactobacillus species closely related to Lactobacillus johnsonii using a combination of molecular and comparative genomics methods

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) constitutes a powerful tool for identification and characterization of bacterial strains. In this study we have applied this technique for the characterization of a number of <it>Lactobacillus </it>strains isolated from the intestinal content of rats fed with a diet supplemented with sorbitol.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene, <it>recA</it>, <it>pheS</it>, <it>pyrG </it>and <it>tuf </it>sequences identified five bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal content of rats as belonging to the recently described <it>Lactobacillus taiwanensis </it>species. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that these five strains are distinct but closely related to <it>Lactobacillus johnsonii </it>and <it>Lactobacillus gasseri</it>. A whole genome DNA microarray designed for the probiotic <it>L. johnsonii </it>strain NCC533 was used for CGH analysis of <it>L. johnsonii </it>ATCC 33200^T, <it>L. johnsonii </it>BL261, <it>L. gasseri </it>ATCC 33323^Tand <it>L. taiwanensis </it>BL263. In these experiments, the fluorescence ratio distributions obtained with <it>L. taiwanensis </it>and <it>L. gasseri </it>showed characteristic inter-species profiles. The percentage of conserved <it>L. johnsonii </it>NCC533 genes was about 83% in the <it>L. johnsonii </it>strains comparisons and decreased to 51% and 47% for <it>L. taiwanensis </it>and <it>L. gasseri</it>, respectively. These results confirmed the separate status of <it>L. taiwanensis </it>from <it>L. johnsonii </it>at the level of species, and also that <it>L. taiwanensis </it>is closer to <it>L. johnsonii </it>than <it>L. gasseri </it>is to <it>L. johnsonii</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Conventional taxonomic analyses and microarray-based CGH analysis have been used for the identification and characterization of the newly species <it>L. taiwanensis</it>. The microarray-based CGH technology has been shown as a remarkable tool for the identification and fine discrimination between phylogenetically close species, and additionally provided insight into the adaptation of the strain <it>L. taiwanensis </it>BL263 to its ecological niche.</p

Bacterial extracellular vesicles and associated functional proteins in fermented dairy products with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei

Cells of all kingdoms produce extracellular vesicles (EVs); hence, they are present in most environments and body fluids. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei produces EVs that have attached biologically active proteins (P40 and P75). In this study, EV and functional proteins were found in five different commercial dairy-fermented products carrying L. paracasei. Strains present in those products were isolated, and with one exception, all produced small EVs (24–47 d.nm) carrying P40 and P75. In order to winnow bacterial EV from milk EV, products were subjected to centrifugal fractionation at 15,000 × g (15 K), 33,000 × g (33 K), and 100,000 × g (100 K). P75 was present in all supernatants and pellets, but P40 was only found in two products bound to the 15 and 33 K pellets, and 16S rDNA of L. paracasei could be amplified from all 100 K EVs, indicating the presence of L. paracaseiEV. To investigate the interactions of bacterial EV and proteins with milk EV, L. paracasei BL23 EV was added to three commercial UHT milk products. Small-size vesicles (50–60 d.nm) similar to L. paracasei BL23 EV were found in samples from 100 K centrifugations, but intriguingly, P40 and P75 were bound to EV in 15 and 33 K pellets, containing bovine milk EV of larger size (200–300 d.nm). Sequencing 16S rDNA bands amplified from EV evidenced the presence of bacterial EVs of diverse origins in milk and fermented products. Furthermore, L. paracasei 16S rDNA could be amplified with species-specific primers from all samples, showing the presence of L. paracasei EV in all EV fractions (15, 33, and 100 K), suggesting that these bacterial EVs possibly aggregate and are co-isolated with EV from milk. P40 and P75 proteins would be interacting with specific populations of milk EV (15 and 33 K) because they were detected bound to them in fermented products and milk, and this possibly forced the sedimentation of part of L. paracasei EV at lower centrifugal forces. This study has solved technically complex problems and essential questions which will facilitate new research focusing on the molecular behavior of probiotics during fermentation and the mechanisms of action mediating the health benefits of fermented products

Informe del sismo de Lorca del 11 de mayo de 2011

En la reciente historia sísmica de España, desde el terremoto de 1956 en Albolote (Granada) con once muertos y el de 1969 al SW del Cabo San Vicente con cuatro, el terremoto de Lorca de 11 de mayo de 2011 (magnitud 5.1) ha vuelto a ser especialmente importante por haber ocasionado nueve víctimas mortales. El movimiento sísmico, localizado muy próximo a la ciudad de Lorca, ha afectado directamente a más de 90.000 personas, que han sufrido sus consecuencias al registrarse con una intensidad de grado VII en la escala europea EMS, lo que ha motivado daños notables en las viviendas. El presente informe trata de reflejar las características del terremoto y de su serie de réplicas, recogiendo los trabajos que han desarrollado diferentes equipos de investigación, tanto previos al terremoto como posteriores. El estudio describe los aspectos científicos y técnicos de mayor interés, desde la historia sísmica de la zona hasta el comportamiento de las edificaciones de la ciudad de Lorca. Asimismo, se acompaña de un encuadre geológico de la zona y de las características de la falla de Alhama de Murcia, responsable de la ocurrencia del terremoto. Como consecuencia de los terremotos que hubo la misma zona en el año 2005, precedidos por un apreciable nivel de actividad sísmica en los años 1999 y 2002, la región de Murcia fue objeto del proyecto RISMUR, cofinanciado por el Instituto Geográfico Nacional y en el que participaron los redactores de este informe. Algunos de los aspectos de este proyecto, en concreto los relativos a la peligrosidad sísmica han sido incluidos, incidiendo en los resultados que se obtuvieron en la ciudad de Lorca. El informe va acompañado al final de una serie de conclusiones en relación con cada uno de los temas tratados, resaltando aquellos aspectos que se deberán tener en cuenta en futuros proyectos, a fin de mejorar por un lado el conocimiento de la sismicidad y peligrosidad sísmica y por otro para la adecuación de la normativa sismorresistente.Peer reviewe

Futuro de los programas de mantenimiento con antagonistas en tratamiento de la dependencia de opiáceos.

Introducción: El tratamiento con naltrexona, constituye una de las alternativas dentro de los programas de prevención de recaídas en la dependencia de opiáceos. Objetivo: Se revisan las características farmacológicas de la naltrexona y los aspectos clínicos de su administración en el tratamiento de dependientes de opiáceos, junto con los factores que pueden ayudar a mejorar la eficacia de los programas de mantenimiento con naltrexona. Resultados: La naltrexona, a dosis de 50 mg, bloquea los efectos farmacológicos y subjetivos de los opiáceos. Es habitualmente bien tolerada, provoca pocos efectos secundarios y por lo general leves, siendo las reacciones adversas graves infrecuentes. Problemas de adherencia terapéutica y cumplimiento de la medicación en los programas de mantenimiento con naltrexona han causado que, a pesar de sus diversas ventajas aparentes, su utilización en la práctica clínica haya permanecido bastante limitada. Como parte de un programa estructurado, la naltrexona parece ser eficaz, particularmente en grupos de pacientes específicos con alta motivación o con un buen apoyo familiar. Conclusiones: Una evolución favorable en un programa de mantenimiento con naltrexona requiere una relación terapéutica positiva, la monitorización cuidadosa del cumplimiento con la medicación y la utilización de intervenciones psicosociales adecuadas

Tipologías arquitectónicas singulares en la Cabrera Alta integradas en el Paisaje antrópico del noroeste hispano

Producción CientíficaEn este trabajo de investigación se realiza un estudio del valor patrimonial de las construcciones tradicionales que aún perviven en la Cabrera Alta (León, España). Abordamos el tema desde la interdisciplinariedad para conseguir abarcar toda la polisemia que encierran una serie de edifi cios comunes en la comarca. El trabajo se ha realizado mediante la metodología más adecuada: el dibujo, el análisis tipológico y su complemento con la documentación histórica y bibliográfi ca pertinente. Ha exigido medir, comparar, analizar sus unidades elementales en relación a otras arquitecturas vecinales de la comarca, haciendo evidente su geometría y los mecanismos de restitución gráfi ca. Con este trabajo queremos penetrar de una manera científi ca en las claves estéticas, sociales y culturales de unos habitantes que mediante el dominio de la naturaleza y del entorno, en perfecta simbiosis con el medio, han sabido hacer frente a sus necesidades vitales. Las soluciones aportadas por la arquitectura tradicional, de poderoso atractivo artístico se basan en un saber a la vez culto y popular, hegemónico y subalterno que ha producido tipologías arquitectónicas resultantes integradas en el paisaje, que han creado, a la vez, una serie de productos patrimoniales