Fission yeast α-glucan synthase Mok1 requires the actin cytoskeleton to localize the sites of growth and plays an essential role in cell morphogenesis downstream of protein kinase C function

et al.In fission yeast protein kinase C homologues (Pck1 and Pck2) are essential for cell morphogenesis. We have isolated mok1+ in a genetic screen to identify downstream effectors for Pck1/2. mok1+ is essential for viability and encodes a protein that has several membrane-spanning domains and regions homologous to glucan metabolic enzymes. mok1 mutant shows abnormal cell shape, randomization of F-actin and weak cell wall. Biochemical analysis shows that Mok1 appears to have α-glucan synthase activity. Mok1 localization undergoes dramatic alteration during the cell cycle. It localizes to the growing tips in interphase, the medial ring upon mitosis, a double ring before and dense dot during cytokinesis. Double immunofluorescence staining shows that Mok1 exists in close proximity to actin. The subcellular localization of Mok1 is dependent upon the integrity of the F-actin cytoskeleton. Conversely, overexpression of mok1+ blocks the translocation of cortical actin from one end of the cell to the other. pck2 mutant is synthetically lethal with mok1 mutant, delocalizes Mok1 and shows a lower level of α-glucan. These results indicate that Mok1 plays a crucial role in cell morphogenesis interdependently of the actin cytoskeleton and works as one of downstream effectors for Pck1/2.The initial part of this work was supported by a grant from Kyowa Hakko Co. Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Diseño de un programa de prevención secundaria de estrés académico

Curso de Especial InterésEs un programa de prevención para estudiantes universitarios, basada en la teoría, pretende disminuir el estrés académico, a través de diferentes temáticas como: los hábitos de estudio, manejo de tiempo, hábitos saludables como el ejercicio y la alimentación y estrategias de afrontamiento.214 p.Resumen Justificación Estrés Objetivos Objetivo General Objetivos Específicos Método Estudio del Mercado A. Objetivo General del Estudio de Mercado B. Objetivos Específicos del estudio de MercadoC. Descripción del producto D. Nombre, logo-símbolo y slogan E. Producto básico F. Producto real G. Producto ampliado H. Clientes – segmentación I. Mercado potencial J. Mercado meta K. Mercado objetivo L. Competencia M. Directa N. Sucedánea O. Canal de distribución P. Discusión del estudio de Mercado Q. Presupuesto (para el desarrollo del producto) R. Resultados S. Conclusiones Referencias ApéndicesPregradoPsicólog

Some critics to «climatic change» for the evolution of North Atlantic temperatures

El trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la evolución de la temperatura del aire en el Atlántico Norte. Para ello, se seleccionan diez series temporales y se analizan durante el período instrumental, que en casi todas las estaciones meteorológicas abarca desde 1865 a 2004. Se quiere evitar en lo posible el efecto urbano en las temperaturas, por lo que se escogen estaciones meteorológicas instaladas en islas pequeñas y/o en latitudes altas. Además, se analizan imágenes de satélite para conocer la localización actual de las estaciones meteorológicas y la influencia del medio. La disparidad de tendencias de las series temporales y la baja correlación entre los datos analizados impiden apoyar la tesis del cambio climático. No obstante, algunas series sí muestran ascensos de temperatura en las últimas décadas, aunque incrementos parciales se repiten con frecuencia en las series temporales de más de un siglo.The aim of this paper is know the evolution of air temperature in the North Atlantic. For it, ten temporary series are selected and they are analyzed during the instrumental period, that in almost all the meteorological stations it goes from 1865 to 2004. It is wanted as far as possible to avoid the urban effect in the temperatures, reason why installed meteorological stations in small islands and/or in high latitudes are chosen. In addition, satellite images are analyzed to know the location the meteorological stations and the influence of environment. The disparity of tendencies of the temporal series and the low correlation between the analyzed data prevent to support the thesis of the climatic change. However, some series show temperature increases in the last decades, although partial increases are repeated frequently in the temporal series of more of a century

Rho GTPases: regulation of cell polarity and growth in yeasts

11 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla.-- El pdf del artículo es la versión post-print.Eukaryotic cells display a wide range of morphologies important for cellular function and development. A particular cell shape is made via the generation of asymmetry in the organization of cytoskeletal elements, usually leading to actin localization at sites of growth. The Rho family of GTPases is present in all eukaryotic cells, from yeast to mammals, and their role as key regulators in the signalling pathways that control actin organization and morphogenetic processes is well known. In the present review we will discuss the role of Rho GTPases as regulators of yeasts' polarized growth, their mechanism of activation and signalling pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These two model yeasts have been very useful in the study of the molecular mechanisms responsible for cell polarity. As in other organisms with cell walls, yeast's polarized growth is closely related to cell-wall biosynthesis, and Rho GTPases are critical modulators of this process. They provide the co-ordinated regulation of cell-wall biosynthetic enzymes and actin organization required to maintain cell integrity during vegetative growth.Work in the authors’ laboratory is supported by the Direcci-on General de Investigación, MICINN, Spain [grant number BFU2007-60675]; and the Junta de Castilla y León [grant number GR231].Peer reviewe

Las inundaciones de los ríos Júcar y Turia

Los ríos Turia y Júcar presentan diferente modalidad y magnitud de inundación asociadas\ud a la geomorfología de sus llanuras y a las características de sus cuencas. Las inundaciones del Júcar, más frecuentes y prolongadas, se generan por múltiples combinaciones de crecidas con sus afluentes (Albaida, Sallent, Escalona y Magro) y en casos extremos pueden superar los\ud 10.000 m3/seg. Las del Turia, menos frecuentes y más violentas, han llegado a superar los 3.000 m3/seg. Tras las avenidas catastróficas de 1957 en el Turia y 1982 en el Júcar la administración respondió con fuertes inversiones en medidas estructurales de protección. El desvío y canalización del Turia (años 60) ha supuesto la urbanización (y destrucción) de buena parte de la Huerta de Valencia. Desde diversos ámbitos se ha rechazado la propuesta (1999) de canalizar completamente\ud el Júcar en su llano de inundación y abrir nuevos canales de desagüe. Se plantean ahora\ud medidas no estructurales para la gestión del riesgo de inundación.Floods of the Turia River and Jucar River show different magnitude and pattems associated\ud with their floodplain geomorphology and drainage basin characteristics. Floods of the Jucar\ud River are more frequent and prolongated, and they are generated by combined discharges of their\ud tributaries (Albaida, Sallent, Escalona and Magro). Extreme flood events are so much high as\ud 10.000 m3/sec. Floods of the Turia River are less frequent but more violent, reaching 3.000 m3/\ud sec. After the catastrophic flood events of 1957 (Turia) and 1982 (Jucar) the administration carried\ud out capital investment in structural flood control measures. Diversion and channelization of\ud the Tuna River (in the 1960s) has involved the urbanization (and destruction) of a great part of the\ud Huerta of Valencia. Diverse spheres have rejected the proposal of complete channelization of the\ud Jucar River and construction of diversion channels on its floodplain. Non-structural measures are\ud being planned now to manage the risk of flooding

Mechanism of Alkyl Migration in Diorganomagnesium 2,6-Bis(imino)pyridine Complexes: Formation of Grignard-Type Complexes with Square-Planar Mg(II) Centers

Dialkylmagnesium compounds [MgR2L2] (R = n-Bu, L = none or R = Bn, L = THF) react with 2,6-bis(imino)pyridines (BIP) to afford different types of Mg(II) alkyl complexes, depending on the nature of R. For R = n-Bu, thermally stable products resulting from selective alkyl transfer to the pyridine nitrogen (N1) atom are obtained. However, NMR studies showed that the reaction of [Mg(Bn)2THF2] with iPrBIP at −65 °C leads to a thermally unstable product arising from benzyl migration to position C2 in the pyridine ring. Above +5 °C, this compound rearranges, cleanly yielding a mixture of two isomeric complexes, in which the benzyl group has migrated to positions C3 or C4 of the central ring, respectively. Similar isomeric mixtures were obtained when [Mg(Bn)2THF2] was reacted with iPrBIP or MesBIP at room temperature. Such mixtures are thermally stable below 80 °C, but at this temperature, the 3-benzyl isomer converts into the thermodynamically favored 4-benzyl product, albeit not quantitatively. An alternate route was devised for the selective syntheses of the latter type of compounds. The X-ray diffraction structure of one of them provided an unusual example of a square-planar alkylmagnesium(II) center.Ministerio de Economía e Innovación CTQ2015-68978-

Elaboration of materials for a CLIL-class

In this Trabajo fin de Grado I have planned two lessons for a “bilingual” class of Conocimiento del medio in Aragon. In order to do that a brief summary of the theory behind CLIL (Content and language integrated learning) will be introduced. After that, I will briefly comment on how to apply this theory in the legal framework of Aragon. The lessons I will present are a product of what I have learnt. Finally, I will reflect on all that I have learnt in the TFG and on how I have applied it on the basis of what I learnt in my school placement

Aplicaciones de la teledetección en hidrología

En este artículo se sintetizan algunas de las aplicaciones en el campo de la hidrología de los satélites artificiales dedicados a recursos naturales. Se han escogido ejemplos a varias escalas (global, regional y local) y con distintos sensores de diferentes resoluciones espaciales, espectrales y temporales con el fin de conocer el amplio campo de estudio que ofrecen los datos de los satélites y su gran utilidad en el análisis de las masas de agua. La existencia de imágenes desde los inicios de los años setenta permite hacer un seguimiento multitemporal y analizar los cambios acaecidos en los últimos treinta años. La gran absorción de energía electromagnética por parte del agua permite cartografiar con precisión los espacios acuáticos y conocer algunas de sus principales variables: profundidad, salinidad, presencia de vegetación hidrohalófita, contaminación, etc.In this paper, some of the remote sensing applications on hydrological ground have been synthesized. Instances of different scales (global, regional and local), with different sensors of different spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions have been chosen, in order to know the amplitude of the field study given by satellite data and their utility in the study of water extensions. Satellite images, available since the early seventies allow us to carry out a multitemporal study of the areas and to analyse the changes that have taken place there for the last thirty years. The high absorption of electromagnetic energy showed by water enables us the precise mapping of wet areas and to know some of their main variables: depth, salinity, presence of hydrohalophytic vegetation, contamination, et

Quick Analysis of Organic Amendments via Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

The determination of heavy metals in soils and organic amendments, such as compost, manure, biofertilizer, and sludge, generally involves the digestion of samples with aqua regia, and the determination of those in the solution using various techniques. Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) has many advantages in relation to traditional analytical techniques. However, PXRF determines the total elemental content and, until now, its use for the analysis of organic amendments has been limited. The objective of this work is the calibration of a PXRF instrument to determine the aqua regia-soluble elemental contents directly in solid samples of organic amendments. Our proposal will avoid the digestion step and the use of other laboratory techniques. Using a training set of samples, calibration functions were obtained that allow the determination of the aqua regia-soluble contents from the PXRF readings of total contents. The calibration functions (obtained by multiple linear regression) allowed the quantitative determination of the aqua regia-soluble contents of Fe, K, P, S, Zn, Cu, Pb, Sr, Cr, and Mn, as well as the organic matter content and a semi-quantitative assessment of Al, Ca, V, Ba, Ni, and As contents. The readings of Si, Fe, Al, Ca, K, or S were used as correction factors, indicating that the calibrations functions found are truly based on the chemical composition of the sample matrix. This study will allow a fast, cheap, and reliable field analysis of organic amendments and of other biomass-based materials.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and the European Regional Development Fund, European Union, (AEI/FEDER, UE), grant number CGL2016-78937-R