Aplicadora autopropulsada de productos fitosanitarios para cultivos hortícolas con control mecánico o electrónico de la dosis

Número de publicación: ES2154156 A1 (16.03.2001) También publicado como: ES2154156 B1 (16.11.2001) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P9801415 (30.06.1998)La aplicadora está basada en la utilización de un sistema autopropulsado de tracción mecánica, el cual dispone de un sistema de rodadura de cadenas. Sobre dicho equipo de tracción, se dispondrán de los diversos elementos necesarios para realizar la aplicación de productos fitosanitarios, como por ejemplo un equipo de pulverización, nebulización, etc. El equipo podrá ser utilizado como pulverizador, atomizador, nebulizador y sistema de distribución acoplado a una, instalación fija de productos fitosanitarios de un invernadero, controlando en todas las ocasiones la dosis aplicada sin depender del operario encargado de la aplicación. Este dispositivo presenta una alternativa más eficaz en lo referente a la uniformidad de la distribución, lo que genera una disminución en las dosis aplicadas beneficiando las condiciones de seguridad del operario y el impacto sobre el medio ambiente.Universidad de Almerí

Comparative Study of Several Fe Deficiency Responses in the Arabidopsis thaliana Ethylene Insensitive Mutants ein2-1 and ein2-5

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plants since it participates in essential processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen assimilation. Fe is an abundant element in most soils, but its availability for plants is low, especially in calcareous soils. Fe deficiency causes Fe chlorosis, which can affect the productivity of the affected crops. Plants favor Fe acquisition by developing morphological and physiological responses in their roots. Ethylene (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) have been involved in the induction of Fe deficiency responses in dicot (Strategy I) plants, such as Arabidopsis. In this work, we have conducted a comparative study on the development of subapical root hairs, of the expression of the main Fe acquisition genes FRO2 and IRT1, and of the master transcription factor FIT, in two Arabidopsis thaliana ET insensitive mutants, ein2-1 and ein2-5, affected in EIN2, a critical component of the ET transduction pathway. The results obtained show that both mutants do not induce subapical root hairs either under Fe deficiency or upon treatments with the ET precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) and the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). By contrast, both of them upregulate the Fe acquisition genes FRO2 and IRT1 (and FIT) under Fe deficiency. However, the upregulation was different when the mutants were exposed to ET [ACC and cobalt (Co), an ET synthesis inhibitor] and GSNO treatments. All these results clearly support the participation of ET and NO, through EIN2, in the regulation of subapical root hairs and Fe acquisition genes. The results will be discussed, taking into account the role of both ET and NO in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses

Ethylene could influence ferric reductase, iron transporter, and H\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e-ATPase gene expression by affecting FER (or FER-like) gene activity

In previous works, it has been shown, by using ethylene inhibitors and precursors, that ethylene could participate in the regulation of the enhanced ferric reductase activity of Fe-deficient Strategy I plants. However, it was not known whether ethylene regulates the ferric reductase gene expression or other aspects related to this activity. This paper is a study of the effects of ethylene inhibitors and precursors on the expression of the genes encoding the ferric reductases and iron transporters of Arabidopsis thaliana (FRO2 and IRT1) and Lycopersicon esculentum (= Solanum lycopersicum) (FRO1 and IRT1) plants. The effects of ethylene inhibitors and precursors on the activity of the iron reductase and the iron transporter have been examined in parallel. Also studied were the effects of ethylene inhibitors and precursors on the expression of the H+-ATPase genes of cucumber (CsHA1 and CsHA2) and the transcription factor genes of tomato (LeFER) and Arabidopsis (AtFRU or AtFIT1, an LeFER homologue) that regulate ferric reductase, iron transporter, and H+-ATPse activity. The results obtained suggest that ethylene participates in the regulation of ferric reductase, the iron transporter, and H+-ATPase gene expression by affecting the FER (or FER-like) levels

Planeamiento de la construcción de una plataforma de lixiviación en una unidad minera del departamento de La Libertad

RESUMEN El proyecto minero de esta investigación es el proyecto La Arena, en el cual se localiza en distrito de Huamachuco, provincia Sánchez Carrión, departamento la Libertad, Perú. El proyecto atraviesa su fase mediante el método de operación de tajo abierto. Las actividades de operaciones en mina contemplan la extracción del mineral, disposición de desmonte de mina, lixiviación de mineral y procesamiento del mismo. Para garantizar el continuo desarrollo de las operaciones mineras, es fundamental la construcción o ampliación de las plataformas de lixiviación. Actualmente, el proyecto enfrenta un área insuficiente de plataformas construidas, es por ello que necesita ampliar el área para alcanzar los objetivos del procesamiento de mineral que la mina tiene proyectado para el periodo 2018 – 2019. La compañía minera ha iniciado la construcción de una plataforma de lixiviación, cuyo objetivo consiste en satisfacer la necesidad de área de plataforma de lixiviación y no afectar al normal desarrollo de las operaciones en mina. En líneas generales, la construcción de la plataforma de lixiviación, en la fase 4C, será el eje fundamental para el desarrollo de esta tesis. La misma que se basara y sustentara en la documentación técnica y económica del proyecto, asimismo la investigación se fundamentara en la experiencia adquirida durante la etapa de la licitación y construcción del proyecto. En el desarrollo de la presente tesis, se describirá el proyecto propuesto por la compañía minera y bajo los alineamientos de proyecto se planteará el método constructivo para la ejecución de la obra. Asimismo, se elabora un cronograma de construcción, de tal manera que se pueda definir el tiempo de ejecución de la obra. Además, se realizará el análisis de costo de las partidas de mayor incidencia, a fin de determinar el presupuesto del proyecto. Finalmente, a partir de la construcción del proyecto se obtiene parámetros económicos y de plazo que son útiles para la construcción de proyectos similares en el futuro. Bajo esta consideración, se determinará costo y plazo para la construcción de una plataforma de lixiviación, en base a los resultados cronograma y presupuesto del proyecto

Ethylene and Phloem Signals Are Involved in the Regulation of Responses to Fe and P Deficiencies in Roots of Strategy I Plants

© Copyright © 2019 Lucena, Porras, García, Alcántara, Pérez-Vicente, Zamarreño, Bacaicoa, García-Mina, Smith and Romera. Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are two essential mineral nutrients whose acquisition by plants presents important environmental and economic implications. Both elements are abundant in most soils but scarcely available to plants. To prevent Fe or P deficiency dicot plants initiate morphological and physiological responses in their roots aimed to specifically acquire these elements. The existence of common signals in Fe and P deficiency pathways suggests the signaling factors must act in conjunction with distinct nutrient-specific signals in order to confer tolerance to each deficiency. Previous works have shown the existence of cross talk between responses to Fe and P deficiency, but details of the associated signaling pathways remain unclear. Herein, the impact of foliar application of either P or Fe on P and Fe responses was studied in P- or Fe-deficient plants of Arabidopsis thaliana, including mutants exhibiting altered Fe or P homeostasis. Ferric reductase and acid phosphatase activities in roots were determined as well as the expression of genes related to P and Fe acquisition. The results obtained showed that Fe deficiency induces the expression of P acquisition genes and phosphatase activity, whereas P deficiency induces the expression of Fe acquisition genes and ferric reductase activity, although only transitorily. Importantly, these responses were reversed upon foliar application of either Fe or P on nutrient-starved plants. Taken together, the results reveal interactions between P- and Fe-related phloem signals originating in the shoots that likely interact with hormones in the roots to initiate adaptive mechanisms to tolerate deficiency of each nutrient

Ethylene involvement in the regulation of the H\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e-ATPase \u3ci\u3eCsHA1\u3c/i\u3e gene and of the new isolated ferric reductase \u3ci\u3eCsFRO1\u3c/i\u3e and iron transporter \u3ci\u3eCsIRT1\u3c/i\u3e genes in cucumber plants

In previous works using ethylene inhibitors and precursors, it has been shown that ethylene participates in the regulation of several Fe-deficiency stress responses by Strategy I plants, such as enhanced ferric reductase activity, rhizosphere acidification, and subapical root hair development. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that ethylene could regulate the expression of both the ferric reductase and the iron transporter genes of Strategy I plants by affecting the FER (or FER-like) transcription factor. Recently, two H+-ATPase genes have been isolated from cucumber roots, CsHA1 and CsHA2. CsHA1 is up-regulated under Fe deficiency while CsHA2 is constitutively expressed. In this work we have cloned and characterized the sequences of the ferric reductase (CsFRO1) and the iron transporter (CsIRT1) genes from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Ashley). Expression of CsHA1, CsFRO1, and CsIRT1 is diminished in Fe-deficient roots by treatment with ethylene inhibitors, such as Co (cobalt) or AOA (aminooxyacetic acid). Treatment with ethylene precursors, like ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) or Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), resulted in increased CsHA1, CsFRO1, and CsIRT1 transcript levels and increased ferric reductase activity during early stages of Fe deficiency. These results suggest that ethylene is involved in the regulation of CsHA1, CsFRO1, and CsIRT1 gene expression

Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) and Fe Deficiency Responses in Dicot Plants

Plants develop responses to abiotic stresses, like Fe deficiency. Similarly, plants also develop responses to cope with biotic stresses provoked by biological agents, like pathogens and insects. Some of these responses are limited to the infested damaged organ, but other responses systemically spread far from the infested organ and affect the whole plant. These latter responses include the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and the Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). SAR is induced by pathogens and insects while ISR is mediated by beneficial microbes living in the rhizosphere, like bacteria and fungi. These root-associated mutualistic microbes, besides impacting on plant nutrition and growth, can further boost plant defenses, rendering the entire plant more resistant to pathogens and pests. In the last years, it has been found that ISReliciting microbes can induce both physiological and morphological responses to Fe deficiency in dicot plants. These results suggest that the regulation of both ISR and Fe deficiency responses overlap, at least partially. Indeed, several hormones and signaling molecules, like ethylene (ET), auxin, and nitric oxide (NO), and the transcription factor MYB72, emerged as key regulators of both processes. This convergence between ISR and Fe deficiency responses opens the way to the use of ISR-eliciting microbes as Fe biofertilizers as well as biopesticides. This review summarizes the progress in the understanding of the molecular overlap in the regulation of ISR and Fe deficiency responses in dicot plants. Root-associated mutualistic microbes, rhizobacteria and rhizofungi species, known for their ability to induce morphological and/or physiological responses to Fe deficiency in dicot plant species are also reviewed herei

Ethylene and phloem signals are involved in the regulation of responses to Fe and P deficiencies in roots of strategy I plants

Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are two essential mineral nutrients whose acquisition by plants presents important environmental and economic implications. Both elements are abundant in most soils but scarcely available to plants. To prevent Fe or P deficiency dicot plants initiate morphological and physiological responses in their roots aimed to specifically acquire these elements. The existence of common signals in Fe and P deficiency pathways suggests the signaling factors must act in conjunction with distinct nutrient-specific signals in order to confer tolerance to each deficiency. Previous works have shown the existence of cross talk between responses to Fe and P deficiency, but details of the associated signaling pathways remain unclear. Herein, the impact of foliar application of either P or Fe on P and Fe responses was studied in P- or Fe-deficient plants of Arabidopsis thaliana, including mutants exhibiting altered Fe or P homeostasis. Ferric reductase and acid phosphatase activities in roots were determined as well as the expression of genes related to P and Fe acquisition. The results obtained showed that Fe deficiency induces the expression of P acquisition genes and phosphatase activity, whereas P deficiency induces the expression of Fe acquisition genes and ferric reductase activity, although only transitorily. Importantly, these responses were reversed upon foliar application of either Fe or P on nutrient-starved plants. Taken together, the results reveal interactions between P- and Fe-related phloem signals originating in the shoots that likely interact with hormones in the roots to initiate adaptive mechanisms to tolerate deficiency of each nutrient

fase 6 presentar y sustentar proyecto final logística de distribución de productos perecederos: Estudios de caso fuente de oro (Meta) y Viotá (Cundinamarca).

En el presente trabajo se aplicarán los conocimientos adquiridos sobre supply chain management y logística en el estudio de caso de Logística de distribución de productos perecederos, : estudios de caso Fuente de Oro (Meta) y Viotá (Cundinamarca).In this work, the knowledge acquired about supply chain management and logistics will be applied in the case study of Logistics of distribution of perishable products,: case studies Fuente de Oro (Meta) and Viotá (Cundinamarca)

Introducing entrepreneurship in engineering project management engineering

Según el diario el Mundo, por primera vez los estudiantes universitarios españoles que tienen pensado crear un negocio (26,8%) supera a los que se ven trabajando en la Administración Pública el (25%), ese fue el resultados de las 8600 encuestas realizadas por GAD3 para el estudio encargado por Educa 2020, donde Ingeniería y Arquitectura son las ramas con mayores porcentajes de alumnado que quieren crear una empresa. Con estos datos, se pretende trabajar en esta línea para estimular al alumnado en la generación de ideas de negocio y dar soporte para llevarlas a cabo. Además, a través del trabajo coordinado con el Vicerrectorado de Coordinación Institucional e Infraestructuras se intentará acercar al alumnado cómo es el proceso de licitación de obras, servicios o equipamiento en una Administración Pública como es la UCO, mostrando la transparencia del proceso. En la experiencia piloto del anterior curso académico, el alumnado valoró muy positivamente la asistencia a un acto público de apertura de ofertas económicas de un proceso de licitación real desarrollado por la UCO, donde se mostraron participativos y vieron de primera mano cómo todo el proceso es transparente y sigue rigurosamente la Ley de Contratos del Sector Público.According to the El Mundo newspaper, for the first time, Spanish university students who plan to create a business (26.8%) exceed those who are working in the Public Administration (25%), that was the result of the 8600 surveys conducted by GAD3 for the study commissioned by Educa 2020, where Engineering and Architecture are the branches with the highest percentages of students that want to start a business. With these data, it is recommended to work in this line to stimulate the student in the generation of business ideas and give support to carry them out. In addition, through coordinated work with the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Institutional Coordination and Infrastructures, students are approached about the process of bidding for works, services or equipment in a Public Administration such as the UCO, showing the transparency of the process. In the pilot experience of the previous academic course, the students positively valued attendance at a public act of opening economic offers of a real bidding process developed by the UCO, where they participated and showed how the whole transparent process rigorously follows the Law of Public Sector Contracts