Aprendizaje de imágenes histológicas utilizando un microscopio virtual: metodología y opinión de los alumnos

El concepto de tejido es un constructo teorético muy útil para aprender a conocer las estructuras microscópicas del organismo y para diagnosticar, de forma objetiva, la mayoría de las lesiones, a través de imágenes histológicas (IH). Tradicionalmente, aprender a interpretar IH se basa en su observación repetitiva y monótona. Esto y la consideración de la Histología como una disciplina meramente descriptiva, ha determinado su escasa relevancia y su alto nivel de olvido para los alumnos, como ha sido puesto de relieve en varias publicaciones. Los recursos digitales han facilitado, de forma sustancial, el aprendizaje de la Histología, aunque todavía sigue basándose en la observación iterativa y monótona de IH. Para facilitar y mejorar dicho aprendizaje hemos creando y publicado una clasificación y sistematización de las IH. En este trabajo presentamos la combinación de la sistematización de las IH con el uso de un microscopio virtual accesible a todos los alumnos en cualquier lugar y momento (tablets, smartphones, ordenadores de mesa, portátiles, etc.). La evaluación de esta metodología, mediante una encuesta, pone de manifiesto su alto grado de aceptación por los alumnos y sus enormes posibilidades para un aprendizaje, a la vez, autónomo y colaborativo

Adding plant oils to dairy goat diets: Effect on fatty acid content of milk fat

[ES]: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar el efecto de la adición de aceites vegetales de diferente grado de insaturación a la dieta de cabras lecheras sobre el perfil de ácidos grasos de la grasa láctea. Doce cabras de raza Malagueña fueron asignadas al azar a uno de cuatro tratamientos: dieta basal sin aceite añadido y la misma dieta basal adicionada con 48 g/d de aceite de girasol alto oleico, aceite de girasol normal o aceite de lino. La dieta estuvo compuesta por heno de alfalfa (30%) y un concentrado granulado (70%) en el que se incluyó el aceite correspondiente. Todos los aceites redujeron el contenido de ácidos grasos saturados de cadena media de la grasa láctea (P 0,05). El aceite de girasol normal incrementó el contenido de los ácidos C18:1t10, vaccénico y ruménico y aumentó el valor de la ratio linoleico/α-linolénico (P 0,05). Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la adición de aceite de lino a la dieta de cabras en lactación, en comparación con la de los aceites de girasol alto oleico y normal, modifica el perfil de ácidos grasos de la grasa láctea en un sentido más favorable desde el punto de vista de la salud humana.[EN]: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding differently unsaturated vegetable oils to a dairy goat diet on fatty acid content of milk fat. Twelve Malagueña goats were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: no oil basal diet and the same basal diet supplemented with 48 g/d of high oleic sunflower oil, regular sunflower oil or linseed oil. The basal diet was made of alfalfa hay and a pelleted concentrate (30:70 w/w). The concentrate included the respective oils. Supplemented diets decreased medium chain saturated fatty acid content in milk fat (P 0.05). Regular sunflower oil increased C18:1t10, vaccenic and rumenic acid contents as well as linoleic to α-linolenic acid ratio (P 0.05). It was concluded that compared to high oleic o regular sunflower oils, adding linseed oil in dairy goat diets modifies milk fat fatty acid content more favourably from the point of view of human health.Peer Reviewe

Economic, Health-Care and Teaching-Learning Impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) on Dentistry

The aim of this chapter is to look more closely at the impact that the crisis generated by the SARS-CoV-2 is having on health, the economy and education in the field of dentistry. The considerations that must be taken into account in dental practice will be presented, as well as the usefulness that the use of teledentistry (TD) could have in times of pandemic, reflecting on the different specialties of dentistry that can benefit from this modality, as well as the advantages and disadvantages that its use can present. Likewise, teaching has been condemned to a lack of presence, having to resort to distance learning, both synchronous and non-synchronous, which can cause needs and deficiencies in undergraduate and postgraduate students. We will analyse the health risks in the dental field and the changes and needs for safe dentistry in times of pandemic. We will also break down the effect of the crisis on the medical-dental sector and the economy, from the point of view of patients and professionals, especially in times of increased restriction and confinement worldwide

Malformaciones venosas orofaciales de bajo flujo: esclerosis endoluminal con láser de diodo

ResumenIntroducciónLas anomalías vasculares son procesos frecuentes que se localizan en más del 50% de los casos en la región de la cabeza y el cuello. Las técnicas clásicas de tratamiento, tales como la cirugía y la esclerosis química, han dado paso a modernas técnicas menos invasivas, tales como el láser Nd:YAG. Por otra parte, se ha utilizado con éxito el láser de diodo (980 nm) para el tratamiento de varices mediante esclerosis endoluminal. Nuestra propuesta es la utilización del láser de diodo (λ 980 nm) para provocar una esclerosis por fotocoagulación intralesional de las malformaciones venosas de bajo flujo dada la capacidad de este láser de ser transmitido por fibra óptica.ObjetivoExponer nuestros resultados en el tratamiento de malformaciones venosas de bajo flujo (MVBF) orofaciales mediante la terapéutica de esclerosis endoluminal con láser de diodo.Material y métodosRevisamos 84 pacientes que presentaban MVBF orofaciales tratados con láser de diodo. Describimos la técnica de realización y se muestran los resultados postoperatorios a corto plazo.ResultadosTras un periodo de seguimiento no inferior a 12 meses se constató curación en el 95,24% aplicando una o dos sesiones y solamente en 4 casos se objetivó recidiva. Concluimos que la técnica de esclerosis endoluminal con láser de diodo de MVBF en el área orofacial se constituye como una nueva técnica de tratamiento, mínimamente invasiva, ambulatoria, y que permite la resolución de los casos sin tener que recurrir a cirugías más agresivas y con excelentes resultados funcionales y estéticos.AbstractBackgroundVascular anomalies are common processes that involve the head and neck region in more than 50% of the cases. Traditional treatment options such as surgery and chemical sclerosis have given way to modern less-invasive techniques, including Nd:YAG laser treatment. On the other hand, 980 nm laser diode has been successfully used for the endovenous sclerosis of varicose veins. Our proposal is the usage of diode laser (λ = 980 nm) to induce the sclerosis of low-flow venous malformations by intralesional photocoagulation, given this laser's ability to deliver the beam via a fiber optic cable.ObjectiveTo report our results in the treatment of orofacial low-flow venous malformations (LFVM) with diode laser endovenous sclerosis (DLES).Material and methods: The clinical records from 84 patients presenting with orofacial LFVM treated with DLES were collected. The technique used and short-term postoperative results were revised.ResultsAfter a follow-up period of at least 12 months after one or two DLES sessions, healing was observed in 95.24% of the cases. Only 4 cases showed relapse.ConclusionsThe DLES technique is a new therapeutic option for the treatment of orofacial LFVM, is minimally-invasive, allows an outpatient setting and achieves excellent functional and esthetic results avoiding more aggressive procedures

Estrategia y desarrollo del simulador de negocios Capsim

En este trabajo se recopila la experiencia en el simulador de negocios Capsim, en el cual se manejó una empresa de sensores electrónicos. Se supervisó desde su desarrollo hasta la puesta en el mercado y se tomaron decisiones para cada año operativo dentro del simulador. Se trabajó en la administración de las áreas de diseño, investigación, desarrollo, mercadotécnica, producción, recursos humanos y finanzas

SEOM clinical guideline for treatment of kidney cancer (2017)

The goal of this article is to provide recommendations about the management of kidney cancer. Based on pathologic and molecular features, several kidney cancer variants were described. Nephron-sparing techniques are the gold standard of localized disease. After a randomized trial, sunitinib could be considered in adjuvant treatment in high-risk patients. Patients with advanced disease constitute a heterogeneous population. Prognostic classification should be considered. Both sunitinib and pazopanib are the standard options for first-line systemic therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Based on the results of two randomized trials, both nivolumab and cabozantinib should be considered the standard for second and further lines of therapy. Response evaluation for present therapies is a challenge

Six-year follow-up of slaughterhouse surveillance (2008-2013): the Catalan Slaughterhouse Support Network (SESC)

Meat inspection has the ultimate objective of declaring the meat and offal obtained from carcasses of slaughtered animals fit or unfit for human consumption. This safeguards the health of consumers by ensuring that the food coming from these establishments poses no risk to public health. Concomitantly, it contributes to animal disease surveillance. The Catalan Public Health Protection Agency (Generalitat de Catalunya) identified the need to provide its meat inspectors with a support structure to improve diagnostic capacity: the Slaughterhouse Support Network (SESC). The main goal of the SESC was to offer continuing education to meat inspectors to improve the diagnostic capacity for lesions observed in slaughterhouses. With this aim, a web-based application was designed that allowed meat inspectors to submit their inquiries, images of the lesions, and samples for laboratory analysis. This commentary reviews the cases from the first 6 years of SESC operation (2008–2013). The program not only provides continuing education to inspectors but also contributes to the collection of useful information on animal health and welfare. Therefore, SESC complements animal disease surveillance programs, such as those for tuberculosis, bovine cysticercosis, and porcine trichinellosis, and is a powerful tool for early detection of emerging animal diseases and zoonoses

Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic

The Black Death (1347-1352 CE) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe's population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic's causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, 'big data palaeoecology', which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death's mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death's mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics.The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group (A.I., A.M. and C.V.); Estonian Research Council #PRG323, PUT1173 (A.Pos., T.R., N.S. and S.V.); European Research Council #FP7 263735 (A.Bro. and A.Plu.), #MSC 655659 (A.E.); Georgetown Environmental Initiative (T.N.); Latvian Council of Science #LZP-2020/2-0060 (N.S. and N.J.); LLNL-JRNL-820941 (I.T.); NSF award #GSS-1228126 (S.M.); Polish-Swiss Research Programme #013/2010 CLIMPEAT (M.Lam.), #086/2010 CLIMPOL (A.W.); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education #N N306 275635 (M.K.); Polish National Science Centre #2019/03/X/ST10/00849 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/01656 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/03430 (M.Sło.), #2018/31/B/ST10/02498 (M.Sło.), #N N304 319636 (A.W.); SCIEX #12.286 (K.Mar.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness #REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (J.A.L.S.); Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports #FPU16/00676 (R.L.L.); Swedish Research Council #421-2010-1570 (P.L.), #2018-01272 (F.C.L. and A.S.); Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly (M.B.), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation #RTI2018-101714-B-I00 (F.A.S. and D.A.S.), OP RDE, MEYS project #CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728 (P.P.

Exantema periflexural asimétrico de la infancia: reporte de 2 casos

El exantema periflexural asimétrico de la infancia es una entidad subdiagnosticada, de etiología incierta, que afecta, predominantemente, a niñas alrededor de los dos años de edad. Se caracteriza por ser un exantema que solo afecta a un hemicuerpo y que se resuelve sin tratamiento específico. Se reportan dos casos clínicos acerca de esta entidad. El primero, referente a una niña de 14 meses con exantema papuloeritematoso de inicio en la axila siete días antes y extensión a la extremidad superior y el hemitronco ipsilateral sin otras alteraciones. El segundo, referente a una niña de 24 meses de edad con exantema papuloeritematoso pruriginoso de inicio en la extremidad inferior izquierda y la posterior extensión por el hemicuerpo izquierdo. Dadas las características del exantema y la edad de las pacientes, se diagnosticó exantema periflexural asimétrico y recibió tratamiento sintomático, con resolución del cuadro de forma espontánea