Introducción al análisis econométrico con R

En este trabajo se explican las funcionalidades y herramientas del programa estadístico R, con el objetivo de aprender el funcionamiento básico del programa para poder aplicarlo en investigaciones y estudios económicos. En primer lugar se muestran las funciones que aparecen en la pantalla principal, la opción de crear un script o la de instalar paquetes, así como la importancia que tienen los objetos en R y la introducción de los datos. Una vez aprendidas las funciones principales del programa, se pasa a realizar el análisis econométrico, utilizando las rutinas necesarias, a través de un sencillo ejemploDepartamento de Economía AplicadaGrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Tree-structure Expectation Propagation for Decoding LDPC codes over Binary Erasure Channels

Expectation Propagation is a generalization to Belief Propagation (BP) in two ways. First, it can be used with any exponential family distribution over the cliques in the graph. Second, it can impose additional constraints on the marginal distributions. We use this second property to impose pair-wise marginal distribution constraints in some check nodes of the LDPC Tanner graph. These additional constraints allow decoding the received codeword when the BP decoder gets stuck. In this paper, we first present the new decoding algorithm, whose complexity is identical to the BP decoder, and we then prove that it is able to decode codewords with a larger fraction of erasures, as the block size tends to infinity. The proposed algorithm can be also understood as a simplification of the Maxwell decoder, but without its computational complexity. We also illustrate that the new algorithm outperforms the BP decoder for finite block-siz

La defensa de los menores frente a las agresiones de los medios de comunicación.

El propósito de este artículo consiste en analizar las consecuencias que conlleva el hecho de la divulgación de los datos personales de los menores a través de los medios de difusión escrita en cuanto a la repercusión en su intimidad, imagen y honor, para tratar de determinar la responsabilidad de los medios implicados en la publicidad de esa información. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio doctrinal, jurisprudencial y de campo, mediante el cual se hizo un seguimiento a la prensa escrita y se aplicaron encuestas a la población en el Sureste de México, como forma de evaluar la percepción de la sociedad ante las agresiones de los medios a los derechos de la personalidad de los menores.The purpose of this article is to analyze the consequences that entails the fact of disclosure of personal information of minors via the media written about the impact on their privacy, image and honor, to try to determine the responsibility of the media involved in the dissemination of such information. This paper presents a doctrinal, jurisprudential and field study, in which were followed for the print media and surveys were applied to the population in Southeast Mexico, as a way to evaluate the perception of society towards the aggressions performed media to personality rights of minors

A unified theory of structural change

This paper uses dynamic general equilibrium and computational methods, inspired by the multi-sector growth model structure in Stephen Turnovsky’s previous and more recent work, to develop a theory that unifies two of the traditional explanations of structural change: sector-biased technical change and non-homothetic preferences. More specifically, we build a multisector overlapping generations growth model with endogenous technical-change and non-homothetic preferences based on an expanding-variety setup with two different R&D technologies; one for agriculture, and another for non-agriculture. Results give additional support to the biased technical-change hypothesis as an important determinant of the structural transformation. The paper also explores where this bias might come from. Our findings suggest that production-side specific factors, such as asymmetries in cross-sector knowledge spillovers could be behind it, and therefore be important to fully explain the process of structural change.multi-sector growth model, structural change, agriculture and non-agriculture, R&D, directed innovation, hon-homothetic preferences.

Modelización hidráulica de pasos para peces ante diferentes escenarios hidrodinámicos

Los pasos para peces son estructuras que permiten la libre circulación de los peces en los obstáculos transversales de los ríos (e.g. presas, azudes, estaciones de aforo, etc.). A pesar de que se tratan de una solución atractiva y bastante eficaz para recuperar el libre movimiento de los peces, son muy sensibles a las variaciones de caudal que se producen en los ríos, y su funcionamiento puede verse fácilmente alterado, especialmente marcadas en regiones mediterráneas. Esta tesis se centra en el estudio hidráulico de pasos para peces, estableciendo un método general que permite su modelización hidráulica ante los diferentes escenarios hidrodinámicos que se pueden der en los ríos. Con ello se logrará diseñar pasos para peces que funcionen en un periodo temporal mayor y así asegurar la migración de los peces a lo largo del todo el ciclo hidrológico de los ríos.Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y ForestalDoctorado en Conservación y Uso Sostenible de Sistemas Forestale

Peer Victimization in Overweight Adolescents and Its Effect on Their Self-Esteem and Peer Difficulties

This study has three objectives: to examine whether adolescents who perceive themselves as overweight differ from others in terms of offline victimization at school, cybervictimization, self-esteem, and difficulties relating to peers; to examine the possible effects of offline and cybervictimization on self-esteem and difficulties relating to peers; and to examine the possible moderating role of perceiving oneself as overweight on those effects. Previously validated questionnaires were applied to a sample of 3145 adolescents in Asturias (Spain). Descriptive, inferential, correlational, and structural equation analyses were performed. Adolescents who perceived themselves as overweight reported being victims of both offline victimization and most forms of cybervictimization to a greater extent than those who did not perceive themselves as overweight. They also reported lower self-esteem and more peer difficulties (shyness or social anxiety). In both groups of adolescents, victimization and cybervictimization were correlated with each other, both types of victimization had direct, negative effects on self-esteem, and self-esteem in turn had a direct, negative effect on peer difficulties. Furthermore, offline victimization had a direct, positive effect on peer difficulties. Perceiving oneself as overweight moderated the effect of self-esteem on peer difficulties. In adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight, low self-esteem was a stronger risk factor of peer difficulties than in the rest of the adolescents. With high overall self-esteem there were no significant differences in peer difficulties between the adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight and the rest of the adolescents

Homicide Profiles Based on Crime Scene and Victim Characteristics

One of the current trends in homicide research includes developing works based on scientific study and empirical evidence, which offer conclusions that can be used in an operational manner during police investigations. The objective of this study was to identify homicide characteristics from behaviors carried out on the crime scene and victim characteristics associated with those of the perpetrators of these crimes in Spain. The sample consisted of 448 homicide cases from the database of the Homicide Revision Project led by the Office of Coordination and Studies of the Secretary of State and Security. After creating six classification tree models, it was found that the modus operandi of the aggressor and the victim characteristics may permit hypothesizing about the demographic characteristics of the perpetrator (gender, age, and country of origin), his/her criminal record, and the type of relationship with the victim. Furthermore, the importance of the study of victimology during a criminal investigation is highlighted, as it may indirectly offer information about the potential perpetrator. The findings of this study suggest that criminal profiling contributes notably to the decision-making process to establish more rigorous suspect prioritization, improve the management of human resources and materials, and increase the efficiency of criminal investigations

Diseño e implementación de un sistema OBD-Radar para automóviles

En el presente proyecto se van a tratar diferentes aspectos relacionados con la diagnosis del automóvil, focalizándose principalmente en el control de las emisiones por parte del sistema OBD (On- Board Diagnostics) y la evolución del mismo hasta el OBD-III (Diagnosis remota). Hasta que llegue el momento en el cual todos los sistemas de propulsión sean sostenibles, se ha de asegurar que los sistemas de propulsión actuales (basados en combustibles fósiles) cumplen con las normativas vigentes (técnicas y medioambientales) tanto en el momento de su homologación como durante todo el ciclo de vida del vehículo. Hoy en día, todos los OEM han de adecuar los sistemas de tratamiento de los gases de escape producidos por los combustibles fósiles a las directivas y normativas vigentes en los mercados de destino. El sistema EOBD, estándar adoptado en Europa, se encarga entre otras cosas, de calcular los IUPR (ratios de rendimiento en uso) encargados de garantizar que durante la vida útil del vehículo se monitorizan y diagnostican realmente todos los componentes que influyen en emisiones. En el presente proyecto se pretende realizar el primer prototipo funcional capaz de obtener una lectura completa de los IUPRs del automóvil de manera remota y automática, para así conseguir una mejora sustancial en la captura de dichos datos en las flotas de vehículos de cliente