307 research outputs found
Roles of calcium and Mitochondria-Associated Membranes in the development of obesity and diabetes
AbstractObesity has become a public health problem around the world. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2014 report), more than one in three adults in Mexico are obese. It is known that the hypothalamus, a region of the Central Nervous System (CNS), is actively involved in regulating energy homeostasis during obesity. Anatomically, the hypothalamus is composed of several nuclei coordinating body weight and metabolism, including the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which contains neurons co-expressing orexigenic peptides like Agouti-related protein (AgRP), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the anorexigenic peptide Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). During obesity, the integration and metabolic response in the ARC is disrupted by three molecular mechanisms: (1) activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, (2) mitochondrial dysfunction, and (3) increase of ER and mitochondria contacts, known as Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs). In this context, it is proposed that MAMs formation induces mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and metabolic dysfunction, leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. Recently, MAMs formation has emerged as one of the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic alterations during obesity. Thus, in this review we will focus on proposing scientific evidence to support the role of the MAMs and their function on calcium regulation during obesity, as an important pathological mechanism in the development of diabetes mellitus type 2
Controlling anomalous stresses in soft field-responsive systems
We report a new phenomenon occurring in field-responsive suspensions:
shear-induced anomalous stresses. Competition between a rotating field and a
shear flow originates a multiplicity of anomalous stress behaviors in
suspensions of bounded dimers constituted by induced dipoles. The great variety
of stress regimes includes non-monotonous behaviors, multi-resonances, negative
viscosity effect and blockades. The reversibility of the transitions between
the different regimes and the self-similarity of the stresses make this
phenomenon controllable and therefore applicable to modify macroscopic
properties of soft condensed matter phasesComment: 5 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR
Effects of dietary inclusion of Opuntia ficus-indica on the glycemia and productive performance in lactating sows
Sows with increased blood glucose during late gestation may have decreased feed intake in lactation. Supplying dietary fibre to the sow reportedly modulates blood glucose and improves feed intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) on the regulation of blood glucose and productive performance in lactating sows. Data from 52 hybrid sows were analysed. The sows were divided into two groups, namely a control group (CG), that is, sows fed conventionally; and an experimental group (EG), that is, sows fed commercial feed plus cacti. Blood glucose in late gestation, and feed intake, milk production and milk quality, development of the piglet, energy balance, post-weaning body weight balance and the interval from weaning to oestrus were recorded. Preprandial blood glucose was 55.9 mg per dL in EG and 71.4 in CG. Sows on EG had greater daily feed intake and lower negative energy balance (5.4 kg/day and -2.8 MJ/day) than those on CG (4.5 kg/day and -9.4 MJ/day). Sows fed EG produced more milk (8.6 L/day) than those on CG (8.1 L/day). The quality of milk produced and the weaning weight of piglets were similar for the two groups. Body weight balance after weaning was greater for sows fed EG, 3.5% versus -1.5% in those fed CG. The weaning to oestrus interval was 0.6 days less for sows fed EG than those fed CG. Feeding cactus to lactating sows regulated blood glucose, which improved most of their productive indicators.Keywords: cactus, dietary fibre, energy balance, hypophagia, pigle
Thermo-visual feature fusion for object tracking using multiple spatiogram trackers
In this paper, we propose a framework that can efficiently combine features for robust tracking based on fusing the outputs of multiple spatiogram trackers. This is achieved without the exponential increase in storage and processing that other multimodal tracking approaches suffer from. The framework allows the features to be split arbitrarily between the trackers, as well as providing the flexibility to add, remove or dynamically weight features. We derive a mean-shift type algorithm for the framework that allows efficient object tracking with very low computational overhead. We especially target the fusion of thermal infrared and visible spectrum features as the most useful features for automated surveillance applications. Results are shown on multimodal video sequences clearly illustrating the benefits of combining multiple features using our framework
Artritis séptica por streptococcus pneumoniae: reporte de un caso
La artritis neumocócica es infrecuente en adultos, predomina en pacientes pediátricos. La neumonía
y la bacteriemia son las manifestaciones más frecuentes, la afectación articular según series recientes tiene
una prevalencia menor al 1% en sujetos menores de 50 años. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 60 años con
LES (Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico) la cual presentó monoartritis séptica de rodilla derecha causada por Streptococcus
pneumoniaePneumococcal arthritis is uncommon in adults, predominantly in pediatric patients. Pneumonia
and bacteremia are the most common manifestations; joint involvement according to recent series has a lower
prevalence of 1% in subjects under 50 years. We report the case of a patient of 60 years with SLE (systemic lupus
erythematosus) which presented septic monoarthritis right knee caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Ruddlesden–Popper hybrid lead bromide perovskite nanosheets of phase pure n=2: Stabilized colloids stored in the solid state
Ruddlesden-Popper lead halide perovskite (RP-LHP) nano-nanostructures can be regarded as self-assembled quantum wells or superlattices of 3D perovskites with an intrinsic quantum well thickness of a single or a few (n=2-4) lead halide layers; the quantum wells are separated by organic layers. They can be scaled down to a single quantum well dimension. Here, the preparation of highly (photo)chemical and colloidal stable hybrid LHP nanosheets (NSs) of ca. 7.4 µm lateral size and 2.5 nm quantum well height (thereby presenting a deep blue emission at ca. 440 nm), is reported for the first time. The NSs are close-lying and they even interconnect when deposited on a substrate. Their synthesis is based on the use of the p-toluenesulfonic acid/dodecylamine (pTS/DDA) ligand pair and their (photo)chemical stability and photoluminescence is enhanced by adding EuBr2 nanodots (EuNDs). Strikingly, they can be preserved as a solid and stored for at least one year. The blue emissive colloid can be recovered from the solid as needed by simply dispersing the powder in toluene and then using it to prepare solid films, making them very promising candidates for manufacturing devices. © 2021 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
Water wave propagation and scattering over topographical bottoms
Here I present a general formulation of water wave propagation and scattering
over topographical bottoms. A simple equation is found and is compared with
existing theories. As an application, the theory is extended to the case of
water waves in a column with many cylindrical steps
On Synchronization in a Lattice Model of Pulse-Coupled Oscillators
We analyze the collective behavior of a lattice model of pulse-coupled
oscillators. By means of computer simulations we find the relation between the
intrinsic dynamics of each member of the population and their mutual
interaction that ensures, in a general context, the existence of a fully
synchronized regime. This condition turns out to be the same than the obtained
for the globally coupled population. When the condition is not completely
satisfied we find different spatial structures. This also gives some hints
about self-organized criticality.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 1 PostScript available upon request, To appear in
Phys. Rev. Let
Emergent global oscillations in heterogeneous excitable media: The example of pancreatic beta cells
Using the standard van der Pol-FitzHugh-Nagumo excitable medium model I
demonstrate a novel generic mechanism, diversity, that provokes the emergence
of global oscillations from individually quiescent elements in heterogeneous
excitable media. This mechanism may be operating in the mammalian pancreas,
where excitable beta cells, quiescent when isolated, are found to oscillate
when coupled despite the absence of a pacemaker region.Comment: See home page http://lec.ugr.es/~julya
Left-right symmetry in 5D and neutrino mass in TeV scale gravity models
We construct a left-right symmetric model based on the gauge group
in five dimensions where both the
gauge bosons and fermions reside in all five dimensions. The orbifold boundary
conditions are used not only to break the gauge symmetry down to but also to ``project'' the right handed neutrino out
of the zero mode part of the spectrum, providing a new way to understand the
small neutrino masses without adding (singlet) bulk neutrinos. This formulation
of the left-right model has also two new features: (i) it avoids most existing
phenomenological bounds on the scale of the right handed boson allowing
for the possibility that the right handed gauge bosons could have masses under
a TeV, and (ii) it predicts a stable lepton with mass of order of the inverse
radius of the fifth dimension.Comment: 20 pages; some new materials and references adde
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