METODOLOGÍA PARA DIAGNOSTICAR LA CULTURA INNOVADORA DE LOS PROFESORES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE PINAR DEL RÍO

Para dar cumplimiento a la llamada tercera misión de las universidades, se necesita de un claustro de profesores que tribute, en sus prácticas pedagógicas, a la formación profesional con habilidades creativas e innovadoras para la solución de problemas socioeconómicos en los entornos de actuación. Sin embargo, no siempre los resultados exhibidos por los colectivos docentes garantizan el desarrollo de esta función. Alcanzar resultados superiores a los proyectados en los objetivos y criterios de medida, requiere de un cambio en las actitudes y prácticas innovadoras con que se gestionan los procesos universitarios. El objetivo del presente artículo científico es socializar una propuesta metodológica para diagnosticar la cultura de innovación de los profesores de la Universidad de Pinar del Río, Cuba

Clinical and cytological characteristics in people with nodular thyroid disease

Introduction: nodular thyroid disease has increased its prevalence in recent years. The cytological study is the cornerstone for decision making in the management of this entity and offers the best predictive value in the pre-surgical assessment. Objective: to describe clinical and cytological characteristics of patients with nodular thyroid disease who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Methods:  a descriptive, cross-sectional study comprising the period from January to December of 2016. The target group included 873 people who underwent thyroid FNAB at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital. The cytology records of the Department of P Anatomy were reviewed, collecting the data of all the patients who performed this procedure and the ultrasonographic reports. The variables studied were age, sex, size of the nodule, cytological diagnosis. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel. Frequency distribution tables were made. Results: 90.4 % of the sample corresponded to female gender; 26.6% belonged to the age group between 40 and 49 years, 83.2 % had a nodule between 1 and 1.9cm; 0.9 % of the nodules were diagnosed as malignant. Conclusions: female gender predominated and the age group between 40 and 49 years, the most frequent cytological diagnosis was benign. Thyroid malignancy increased with age

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Actualidad y prospectiva de la investigación científica en el Centro Universitario Amecameca de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Con responsabilidad, se organizó un programa cuya finalidad fuera publicitar con transparencia dichos avances, a través de un esfuerzo de rendición de cuentas a la comunidad inmediata, la universitaria, y a la comunidad abierta, la sociedad que la principal referencia para tal efecto. El programa se concretiza a través del presente libro, conformado con una inspiración de investigación multidisciplinaria; sin embargo, para llegar a tal fin, el reto es realizar el proceso de búsqueda y generación de conocimiento transitando hacia la colaboración de los cuerpos académicos, que puedan construir nuevos conocimientos fortalecidos por la convergencia de diferentes campos del saber. En consecuencia, la primera etapa de esta estrategia es la publicidad de los trabajos investigativos ejercidos, para hacer un balance al día, pero también proyectar el futuro de cada campo y área del conocimiento. La organización explicativa está organizada por tres bloques representativos del quehacer en la generación de conocimiento del Centro Universitario, un primer bloque centra el interés en las humanidades, educación y sustentabilidad; el segundo bloque lo integra la reflexión científica sobre la construcción democrática, derechos humanos y equidad de género; en el tercer segmento se destina a la seguridad alimentaria, salud pública y sistemas agropecuarios. La actualidad de la investigación eleva la producción lograda y lo que en el momento se encuentra en construcción y los alcances que produce para la docencia, la investigación misma, y para la sociedad en general. La prospectiva es un área que todos los capítulos desarrollan con el propósito de delinear los alcances innovadores por andar en teoría, metodología e incluso en los saberes mismo

Un acercamiento a la gestión de la seguridad alimentaria

The administration of the Alimentary and Nutritional Security is a decisive aspect of the socioeconomic development of a considerable complexity, in which they intervene a multitude of factors, environmental, economic, political, cultural, technological, as well as the social and institutional fabric. With the result that this concept is integrated of several components, all intimately related ones; alimentary readiness, accessibility, stability of the supplies and biological use of the foods. The Alimentary and Nutritional Security is analyzed through diverse scales; international, national and local, but it is par excellence the local level the scenario where systematic efforts can be developed around the nearest, more concrete and more palpable problems, more effective solutions can be offered in function of the necessities with a focus of social participation, being the local governments who have the most powerful paper to guide, to guide and to drive this process from the territory; when stimulating political and programs, to create appropriate mechanisms to establish priorities, to elaborate, to execute and to watch over this politicians and plans to improve the administration of the alimentary and nutritional security in certain terms, being based on the potentialities and to work on them, to revert their weaknesses. This rehearsal has as objective; to analyze the process of administration of the alimentary and nutritional security from the local governments, providing some reflections on the state in question. The most important methods that have been used are: historical method, logical method (dialectical, systemic, hypothetical - deductive), the observation and the mensuration.La gestión de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional es un aspecto determinante del desarrollo socioeconómico de una considerable complejidad, en el que intervienen una multitud de factores, ambientales, económicos, políticos, culturales, tecnológicos, jurídico-legal, así como el tejido social e institucional. De ahí que este concepto se integre de varios componentes, todos íntimamente relacionados; disponibilidad alimentaria, acceso, estabilidad de los suministros y utilización biológica de los alimentos. La Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional se analiza a través de diversas escalas; internacional, nacional y local, pero es el nivel local el escenario por excelencia donde se pueden desarrollar esfuerzos sistemáticos y sistémicos en torno a los problemas más cercanos, más concretos y palpables, se pueden brindar soluciones más efectivas en función de las necesidades con un enfoque de participación social, siendo los gobiernos locales quienes tienen el papel más poderoso para encaminar, guiar y conducir este proceso desde el territorio; al estimular políticas y programas, crear mecanismos adecuados para establecer prioridades, elaborar, ejecutar y vigilar dichas políticas y planes para mejorar la gestión de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en plazos determinados, basándose en las potencialidades y trabajar sobre ellas, para revertir sus debilidades. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo; analizar el proceso de gestión de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional desde los gobiernos locales, proporcionando algunas reflexiones sobre el estado en cuestión. Los métodos más importantes que se han utilizado son: Método histórico, Método sistémico estructural y el hipotético - deductivo, así como los procedimientos lógicos del pensamiento de análisis y síntesis, inducción y deducción, con el auxilio de las técnicas del análisis documental

An approach to the administration of the alimentary and nutritional security from the local governments

The administration of the Alimentary and Nutritional Security is a decisive aspect of the socioeconomic development of a considerable complexity, in which they intervene a multitude of factors, environmental, economic, political, cultural, technological, as well as the social and institutional fabric. With the result that this concept is integrated of several components, all intimately related ones; alimentary readiness, accessibility, stability of the supplies and biological use of the foods.   The Alimentary and Nutritional Security is analyzed through diverse scales; international, national and local, but it is par excellence the local level the scenario where systematic efforts can be developed around the nearest, more concrete and more palpable problems, more effective solutions can be offered in function of the necessities with a focus of social participation, being the local governments who have the most powerful paper to guide, to guide and to drive this process from the territory; when stimulating political and programs, to create appropriate mechanisms to establish priorities, to elaborate, to execute and to watch over this politicians and plans to improve the administration of the alimentary and nutritional security in certain terms, being based on the potentialities and to work on them, to revert their weaknesses.  This rehearsal has as objective; to analyze the process of administration of the alimentary and nutritional security from the local governments, providing some reflections on the state in question. The most important methods that have been used are: historical method, logical method (dialectical, systemic, hypothetical - deductive), the observation and the mensuration

The observer in the external evaluation processes carried out to the universities by the national accreditation board.

In the analyzes carried out in the plenary session of the National Accreditation Board (JAN) on the processes of external evaluation of the Institutions of Higher Education (HEI) in Cuba, a group of difficulties was identified that recommended the incorporation of a member of the same as an observer of these. From the analysis of the reports presented by each evaluator and the analyzes in the plenary session of the JAN, this work was proposed to systematize the experiences reached from the year 2016 to date and to propose a procedure that guides the work of future observers. The practice demonstrated the utility of the observer in terms of ensuring compliance with the regulations and procedures established by all the evaluators, while also leaving important recommendations for future processe

Validación de indicadores para la gestión pública de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional

In a world full of speed and uncertainty where the dynamics of the processes become more and more uncertain, the exercise of foresight within the administration is presented as an option for change in the face of possible undesired events that may occur in the future, in this sense the Delphi method is recognized as a tool that allows grouping a set of forecasts to change a trend scenario for a desired future. One of the greatest challenges facing public management of food and nutritional security is the definition and implementation of a series of indicators that will enable government officials to monitor, control and evaluate the results and impact of their management, oriented towards the particularities of the territory where they are located. The objective of this research is to validate, using the Delphi method of expert consultation, a set of indicators for public management of food and nutritional security that are adapted to the local reality. For its implementation, the empirical method based on the evaluation of experts was used, using the survey technique to determine the level of competences of the collaborators to be used and during the validation of the SAN public management indicators.En un mundo colmado de celeridad e incertidumbre donde la dinámica de los procesos se torna cada vez más incierta, el ejercicio de la prospectiva dentro de la administración se presenta como una opción de cambio ante posibles eventos indeseados que puedan ocurrir en el futuro. En este sentido, el método Delphi se reconoce como una herramienta que permite agrupar un conjunto de pronósticos para cambiar un escenario tendencial por un futuro deseado. Uno de los mayores retos que enfrenta la gestión pública de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional es la definición y concreción de una serie de indicadores que les permita a los funcionarios gubernamentales dar seguimiento, controlar y evaluar los resultados e impacto de su gestión, orientado hacia las particularidades del territorio donde están enclavados. El objetivo de esta investigación es validar, mediante el método Delphi de consulta a expertos, un conjunto de indicadores para la gestión pública de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional, atemperados a la realidad de la localidad. Para su implementación se utilizó, entre otros, el método empírico basado en la evaluación de expertos, utilizando la técnica de encuesta en la determinación del nivel de competencias de los colaboradores a utilizar y durante la validación de los indicadores de gestión pública de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional

Attitude towards the advance directives document in users of public health services in the State of Mexico

La voluntad anticipada es una manifestación escrita que una persona realiza respecto a los tratamientos o intervenciones médico-hospitalarias que está dispuesta a recibir o rechazar para cuando, por alguna razón, estuviera en la etapa final de su vida sin la capacidad de tomar decisiones por sí misma, respecto a su cuerpo, su salud y su vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una escala de actitud hacia el documento de voluntad anticipada para usuarios mexicanos de servicios de salud pública y validar sus propiedades psicométricas. Se diseñó un estudio de tipo instrumental en el que participaron 470 usuarios de un hospital general en el Estado de México. Se revisó la literatura existente, la legislación vigente y se consultó a expertos en torno al tema. La versión inicial de la escala constó de 35 ítems. Se estimó la consistencia interna y la estructura subyacente de la escala, utilizando análisis factorial exploratorio. Se identificó una estructura unidimensional, constituida por 14 ítems que explican el 67.7% de la varianza común. La escala posee una buena consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0.842), por lo que se consideró con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para utilizarse en usuarios mexicanos

Memorias IX Congreso Geológico Venezolano (3)

Memorias IX Congreso Geológico Venezolano (3