Juan Luis Vives, lengua y lenguaje en el humanismo renacentista

The aim of this article is to analyze the use of the language carried out by Juan Luis Vives. Due to the wide range of topics Vives dealt with, he has had a strong influence on different specialities like the philology. For Vives, the philological approach and the teaching of languages don´t only have to take into account the language from a theoretical point of view, but also from a socio-cultural perspective. His great interest in languages moved him to pay attention on trying to find the real meaning of the original works in Latin and also in Greek. It also moved him to write introductory essays to them. By writing introductions and doing his interpretations, he communicated his own opinion about how to translate them.El objeto de este artículo es doble. Por una parte, examina el uso que Vives hace de la lengua y del lenguaje, y, por otra parte, indica sus aportaciones al campo de la traducción e interpretación. La diversidad temática presente en su obra hace que su persona sea un punto de referencia para diferentes campos científicos, entre ellos la Filología. Para Vives, tanto el acercamiento filológico, como el aprendizaje de la lengua no sólo deben tener en cuenta la lengua desde un punto teórico, sino también sociocultural. Su especial interés por las lenguas le llevó a realizar un considerable esfuerzo filológico haciendo lecturas e introducciones de varios textos clásicos latinos y también griegos, y transmitiendo su opinión acerca de la forma de realizar versiones o interpretaciones

Nebrija y su tiempo: la construcción de la lengua

Nebrija paints a relevant figure for us today because he was a great humanist, for the part he played in vernacular languages, and, particularly, because of his ‘Grammar of the Castilian Language’. He was the first philologist who dedicated himself to the study of a romance language: the Castilian Spanish. His wealth of philological knowledge was put to use against a tradition that deemed only the classical and noble languages of Greek and Latin as worthy of study. His work as a philologist and man of letters bears significance and has been recognised by everyone throughout history. This is especially due to his prolific scientific output.La figura de Nebrija es relevante por su condición de gran humanista y por su contribución a las lenguas vernáculas, concretamente por su Gramática de la Lengua Castellana. Nebrija fue el primer filólogo que se dedicó a estudiar una lengua romance –en este caso la castellana–, con todo el bagaje filológico de que disponía, rompiendo así la tradición, a la que –por otra parte–, se sentía muy vinculado, de que solo las lenguas clásicas y nobles, como el latín y el griego, merecían ser objeto de estudio. Su trabajo de filólogo y hombre de letras ha sido importante y su labor ha sido reconocida por todos y en todos los tiempos, principalmente por su gran producción científica

El uso y la constitución de la lengua alemana en Johann Gottlieb Fichte

El artículo tiene como objetivo examinar las aportaciones de Fichte al campo de la lengua, tanto desde la perspectiva de su uso en el proceso de la construcción de la nación alemana como de la constitución de la propia lengua. A tal fin, utilizamos, específicamente, dos escritos suyos que tratan dichas temáticas: Reden an die deutsche Nation (Discursos a la nación alemana) y Von der Sprachfähigkeit und dem Ursprung der Sprache (Sobre la capacidad y el origen de la lengua). El artículo busca también darle perspectiva a las contribuciones de Fichte a la lengua, analizando en qué medida son continuación y desarrollan lo que anteriormente se había escrito al respecto, concretamente en el periodo del Humanismo renacentista, dos siglos antes. De la comparación de dichos momentos se evalúa qué han supuesto las contribuciones de Fichte para el uso de la lengua y la constitución de la misma.This article aims to examine the contributions of Fichte in the area of language, as much from the perspective of its use in the process of German nation building as from the structure of language itself. To this end, we employ two of his writings dealing with these themes: the first entitled Reden an die deutsche Nation (Speeches to the German Nation) and the second Von der Sprachfähigkeit und dem Ursprung der Sprache (On the Scope and Origin of Language). Additionally, the article seeks to give perspective on the contributions of Fichte to language, analysing to what extent there is continuity and development with what had previously been written, specifically in the Renaissance Humanist period, two centuries before. From a comparison of such instances, there is evaluation of what Fichte’s ideas have meant for the development of these aspects, language use and construction

CEST and MEST: Tools for the simulation of radio frequency electric discharges in waveguides

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 16, 9, (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2008.08.002In this paper we present two software tools for the simulation of electron multiplication processes in radio frequency (RF) waveguides. The electric discharges are caused by the multiplication of a small initial number of electrons. These are accelerated by the RF field and produce new electrons either by collisions with the walls of the waveguide (ripping new electrons from them), or by ionization of the neutral atoms of a gas inside the device. MEST allows simulating the Multipactor effect, a discharge produced in vacuum and generated by the collision of the electrons with the walls. CEST simulates the discharge when in addition a neutral gas is present in the waveguide, at pressures lower than ground levels (often denominated Corona discharge). The main characteristic of both tools is that they implement individual-based, microscopic models, where every electron is individually represented and tracked. In the case of MEST, the simulation is discrete-event, as the trajectory of each electron can be computed analytically. In CEST we use a hybrid simulation approach. The trajectory of each electron is governed by the Langevin stochastic differential equations that take into account a deterministic RF electric force and the random interaction with the neutral atom background. In addition, wall and ionizing collisions are modelled as discrete events. The tools allow performing batches of simulations with different wall coating materials and gases, and have produced results in good agreement with experimental and theoretical data. The different output forms generated at run-time have proven to be very useful in order to analyze the different discharge processes. The tools are valuable for the selection of the most promising coating materials for the construction of the waveguide, as well as for the identification of safe operating parameters.Work sponsored by the ESA, TRP activity program 17025/03/NL/EC: Surface Treatment and Coating

Los Diálogos de Vives y la Didáctica de la Lengua

Vives, como humanista renacentista, y durante la transición del Humanismo prerrenacentista al renacentista hizo un buen uso de la lengua, entendiéndola como instrumento lingüístico y forma de comunicación cultural. En su obra los Diálogos o Linguae latinae explanatio aborda cuestiones relacionadas con el aprendizaje de la lengua y refleja la conciencia lingüística de la época. Antecedentes de la tradición dialógica están presentes en esta obra, especialmente en dos cuestiones: en el uso de la lengua y en la estructura dialógica empleada

Orchestration of distributed ingestion and processing of IoT data for fog platforms

In recent years there has been an extraordinary growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its protocols. The increasing diffusion of electronic devices with identification, computing and communication capabilities is laying ground for the emergence of a highly distributed service and networking environment. The above mentioned situation implies that there is an increasing demand for advanced IoT data management and processing platforms. Such platforms require support for multiple protocols at the edge for extended connectivity with the objects, but also need to exhibit uniform internal data organization and advanced data processing capabilities to fulfill the demands of the application and services that consume IoT data. One of the initial approaches to address this demand is the integration between IoT and the Cloud computing paradigm. There are many benefits of integrating IoT with Cloud computing. The IoT generates massive amounts of data, and Cloud computing provides a pathway for that data to travel to its destination. But today’s Cloud computing models do not quite fit for the volume, variety, and velocity of data that the IoT generates. Among the new technologies emerging around the Internet of Things to provide a new whole scenario, the Fog Computing paradigm has become the most relevant. Fog computing was introduced a few years ago in response to challenges posed by many IoT applications, including requirements such as very low latency, real-time operation, large geo-distribution, and mobility. Also this low latency, geo-distributed and mobility environments are covered by the network architecture MEC (Mobile Edge Computing) that provides an IT service environment and Cloud-computing capabilities at the edge of the mobile network, within the Radio Access Network (RAN) and in close proximity to mobile subscribers. Fog computing addresses use cases with requirements far beyond Cloud-only solution capabilities. The interplay between Cloud and Fog computing is crucial for the evolution of the so-called IoT, but the reach and specification of such interplay is an open problem. This thesis aims to find the right techniques and design decisions to build a scalable distributed system for the IoT under the Fog Computing paradigm to ingest and process data. The final goal is to explore the trade-offs and challenges in the design of a solution from Edge to Cloud to address opportunities that current and future technologies will bring in an integrated way. This thesis describes an architectural approach that addresses some of the technical challenges behind the convergence between IoT, Cloud and Fog with special focus on bridging the gap between Cloud and Fog. To that end, new models and techniques are introduced in order to explore solutions for IoT environments. This thesis contributes to the architectural proposals for IoT ingestion and data processing by 1) proposing the characterization of a platform for hosting IoT workloads in the Cloud providing multi-tenant data stream processing capabilities, the interfaces over an advanced data-centric technology, including the building of a state-of-the-art infrastructure to evaluate the performance and to validate the proposed solution. 2) studying an architectural approach following the Fog paradigm that addresses some of the technical challenges found in the first contribution. The idea is to study an extension of the model that addresses some of the central challenges behind the converge of Fog and IoT. 3) Design a distributed and scalable platform to perform IoT operations in a moving data environment. The idea after study data processing in Cloud, and after study the convenience of the Fog paradigm to solve the IoT close to the Edge challenges, is to define the protocols, the interfaces and the data management to solve the ingestion and processing of data in a distributed and orchestrated manner for the Fog Computing paradigm for IoT in a moving data environment.En els últims anys hi ha hagut un gran creixement del Internet of Things (IoT) i els seus protocols. La creixent difusió de dispositius electrònics amb capacitats d'identificació, computació i comunicació esta establint les bases de l’aparició de serveis altament distribuïts i del seu entorn de xarxa. L’esmentada situació implica que hi ha una creixent demanda de plataformes de processament i gestió avançada de dades per IoT. Aquestes plataformes requereixen suport per a múltiples protocols al Edge per connectivitat amb el objectes, però també necessiten d’una organització de dades interna i capacitats avançades de processament de dades per satisfer les demandes de les aplicacions i els serveis que consumeixen dades IoT. Una de les aproximacions inicials per abordar aquesta demanda és la integració entre IoT i el paradigma del Cloud computing. Hi ha molts avantatges d'integrar IoT amb el Cloud. IoT genera quantitats massives de dades i el Cloud proporciona una via perquè aquestes dades viatgin a la seva destinació. Però els models actuals del Cloud no s'ajusten del tot al volum, varietat i velocitat de les dades que genera l'IoT. Entre les noves tecnologies que sorgeixen al voltant del IoT per proporcionar un escenari nou, el paradigma del Fog Computing s'ha convertit en la més rellevant. Fog Computing es va introduir fa uns anys com a resposta als desafiaments que plantegen moltes aplicacions IoT, incloent requisits com baixa latència, operacions en temps real, distribució geogràfica extensa i mobilitat. També aquest entorn està cobert per l'arquitectura de xarxa MEC (Mobile Edge Computing) que proporciona serveis de TI i capacitats Cloud al edge per la xarxa mòbil dins la Radio Access Network (RAN) i a prop dels subscriptors mòbils. El Fog aborda casos d?us amb requisits que van més enllà de les capacitats de solucions només Cloud. La interacció entre Cloud i Fog és crucial per a l'evolució de l'anomenat IoT, però l'abast i especificació d'aquesta interacció és un problema obert. Aquesta tesi té com objectiu trobar les decisions de disseny i les tècniques adequades per construir un sistema distribuït escalable per IoT sota el paradigma del Fog Computing per a ingerir i processar dades. L'objectiu final és explorar els avantatges/desavantatges i els desafiaments en el disseny d'una solució des del Edge al Cloud per abordar les oportunitats que les tecnologies actuals i futures portaran d'una manera integrada. Aquesta tesi descriu un enfocament arquitectònic que aborda alguns dels reptes tècnics que hi ha darrere de la convergència entre IoT, Cloud i Fog amb especial atenció a reduir la bretxa entre el Cloud i el Fog. Amb aquesta finalitat, s'introdueixen nous models i tècniques per explorar solucions per entorns IoT. Aquesta tesi contribueix a les propostes arquitectòniques per a la ingesta i el processament de dades IoT mitjançant 1) proposant la caracterització d'una plataforma per a l'allotjament de workloads IoT en el Cloud que proporcioni capacitats de processament de flux de dades multi-tenant, les interfícies a través d'una tecnologia centrada en dades incloent la construcció d'una infraestructura avançada per avaluar el rendiment i validar la solució proposada. 2) estudiar un enfocament arquitectònic seguint el paradigma Fog que aborda alguns dels reptes tècnics que es troben en la primera contribució. La idea és estudiar una extensió del model que abordi alguns dels reptes centrals que hi ha darrere de la convergència de Fog i IoT. 3) Dissenyar una plataforma distribuïda i escalable per a realitzar operacions IoT en un entorn de dades en moviment. La idea després d'estudiar el processament de dades a Cloud, i després d'estudiar la conveniència del paradigma Fog per resoldre el IoT prop dels desafiaments Edge, és definir els protocols, les interfícies i la gestió de dades per resoldre la ingestió i processament de dades en un distribuït i orquestrat per al paradigma Fog Computing per a l'IoT en un entorn de dades en moviment