International and Intergenerational Dimensions of Climate Change: North-South Cooperation in an Overlapping Generations Framework

Global environmental problems such as climate change have both an international and an intertemporal dimension. Recently, some papers have used an overlapping generations framework to analyze the climate change problem taking into account jointly the issues of intergenerational equity and intertemporal efficiency but without considering the international aspect of the problem. In this paper, we extend such approach by considering an overlapping generations model of climate-economy interactions where the world is split into two regions: North and South. We resort to numerical simulations of the calibrated model to analyze the effect of cooperation over economic and climate variables under two different scenarios: long-lived and short-lived governments. The main aim of our analysis is to test numrically whether John and Pecchenino´s (1997) theoretical result, which states that international agreements with transfers that lack an intergenerational perspective could actually harm the environment, applies low us to conclude that when we consider short lived governments: (1) the lack of cooperation always leads to higher environmental degradation, (2) the higher the welfare weight attached to the North under cooperation, the lower the environmental degradation in the long run, and (3) some cooperative scenarios may lead in the short run to higher environmental degradation than what it would arise in the non cooperative scenario.international environmental agreements, intergenerational externality, climate change

Representation of non-semibounded quadratic forms and orthogonal additivity

In this article we give a representation theorem for non-semibounded Hermitean quadratic forms in terms of a (non-semibounded) self-adjoint operator. The main assumptions are closability of the Hermitean quadratic form, the direct integral structure of the underlying Hilbert space and orthogonal additivity. We apply this result to several examples, including the position operator in quantum mechanics and quadratic forms invariant under a unitary representation of a separable locally compact group. The case of invariance under a compact group is also discussed in detail

An aperiodic tiles machine

The results we introduce in this work lead to get an algorithm which produces aperiodic sets of tiles using Voronoi diagrams. This algorithm runs in optimal worst-case time O(nlogn). Since a wide range of new examples can be obtained, it could shed some new light on non-periodic tilings. These examples are locally isomorphic and exhibit the 5-fold symmetry which appears in Penrose tilings and quasicrystals. Moreover, we outline a similar construction using Delaunay triangulations and propose some related open problems

Impact of short-term extreme temperature events on physiological performance of Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods under optimal and sub-optimal saline conditions

Increasing extreme temperature climatic events could exert an important effect on plant photosynthetic performance, which could be modulated by the co-occurrence with other environmental factors, such as salinity, in estuarine ecosystems. Therefore, a mesocosm experiment was designed to assess the impact of temperature events for three days (13/5 °C, 25/13 °C and 40/28 °C) in combination with two NaCl concentrations (171 and 1050 mM NaCl) on the physiological performance of Salicornia ramosissima. Extreme temperature events had a negative impact on S. ramosissima photosynthetic efficiency, this effect being more marked with cold wave at both salinities, compared with heat wave, even in presence of NaCl excess. This differential thermotolerance in the photosynthetic apparatus was ascribed to the greater integrity and functioning of its photosynthetic pathway at high temperature, as indicated by constant gs, Vc,max values at optimal salinity and the higher values of those parameters and gm recorded in combination with NaCl excess. Moreover, S. ramosissima was able to upregulate the energy sink capacity of its photochemical apparatus at elevated temperature and salinity by a greater energy excess dissipation capacity. This could have contributed to reducing the risk of oxidative stress, along with the recorded higher capacity for antioxidant enzyme activity modulation under these conditions.España, MINECO Project CGL2016– 75550-

The effects of the gang truce on Salvadoran communities and development agents

This study analyses how the Salvadoran government neglected its responsibilities to communities during the gang truce process, resorting to short-term, non-transparent, anti-democratic and counterproductive measures that allowed gangs to reorganize and take control of the territories and therefore the daily lives of the civilian population. This article focuses on the role played by the communities and how they sought to develop with the support of social workers, third-sector organizations and other development agents

Effect of an electric field within microscopy focused ion beam (FIB) between manipulator sharp and the ion trap of the electron detector

"The manipulation of samples with micro manipulators sharps in the normal axis to the observation plane is practically blind in microscopy focused ion beam (FIB) mono beam. The application of a negative potential to the manipulator sharp has been considered, which causes differences of electrical potential between the detector and the sample holder, generating an electric field between the sharp and the sample. This makes the electrons, aside the sample, undergo a greater deflection, reflecting in poorer contrast image. This deflection depends on a great extension of the sample holder height between the micromanipulator sharp, voltage deflector, q/m electron factor and electron acceleration.

Cell culture-derived flu vaccine: Present and future

Producción CientíficaThe benefit of influenza vaccines is difficult to estimate due to the complexity of accurately assessing the burden of influenza. To improve the efficacy of influenza vaccines, vaccine manufacturers have developed quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) formulations for seasonal vaccination by including both influenza B lineages. Three parallel approaches for producing influenza vaccines are attracting the interest of many vaccine manufacturing companies. The first and oldest is the conventional egg-derived influenza vaccine, which is used by the current licensed influenza vaccines. The second approach is a cell culture-derived influenza vaccine, and the third and most recent is synthetic vaccines. Here, we analyze the difficulties with vaccines production in eggs and compare this to cell culture-derived influenza vaccines and discuss the future of cell culture-derived QIVs.Keywords: Influenza vaccine, cell culture-derived, quadrivalent

The Latin Inscription Painted on Ceramic in El Castellar (Crevillent, Alicante)

Se presenta un fragmento pintado con inscripción latina realizado sobre cerámica de tradición indígena de época altoimperial hallado de manera casual en la ladera sureste de El Castellar (Crevillent, Alicante). La pieza debe atribuirse a los talleres de La Alcudia de Elche y viene a sumarse a los escasos documentos epigráficos sobre cerámica documentados en el territorio de Ilici.We present a Latin inscription painted on a local pottery shard from the Early Roman Empire, which was discovered by chance on the southeastern slope of El Castellar (Crevillent, Alicante). The object should be attributed to the workshops in La Alcudia (Elche) and adds to the few epigraphic documents on pottery documented in the area of Ilici.Este trabajo se ha realizado dentro del marco del proyecto del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad HAR2013-41447-P «El Bronce Final y la Edad del Hierro en el Sureste y el Levante de la Península Ibérica: procesos hacia la urbanización»

Tasas de interés pasivas y activas de tarjetas de crédito de instituciones financieras mexicanas y de otros países. Un análisis comparativo

1 archivo PDF (18 páginas). magyefsEste artículo tiene como objetivo comparar las tasas de interés activas de Instituciones Financieras en México y otros países, particularmente las referidas a tarjetas de crédito, buscando probar la hipótesis que México está entre los países cuyos bancos comerciales cobran las tasas de interés activas más altas en tarjeta de crédito, destacando las Instituciones Financieras con participación mayoritariamente mexicana. Se realizó un análisis multivariante que consiste en comparar: 1) Las tasas de interés activas cobradas en México y otros países en el año 2013, 2) El número de tarjetas emitidas por los diferentes bancos comerciales en México en el año 2013, 3) El Índice de Capitalización Bancaria (ICAP), y la variable cuatro describe aquellas instituciones financieras con inversión mayoritariamente extranjera en México y aquellas instituciones bancarias con inversión mayoritariamente mexicana en el mercado doméstico. ABSTRACT: Deposit and lending rates for interest credit cards of Mexican financial Institutions and other countries. A comparative analysis. This article aims to compare the lending rates of financial institutions in Mexico and other countries, particularly those related to credit cards, seeking to test the hypothesis that Mexico is among the countries whose commercial banks charge interest rates higher in active credit card, highlighting financial institutions with majority Mexican ownership. A multivariate analysis was performed to compare: 1) the lending rates charged in Mexico and other countries in 2013, 2) The number of cards issued by different commercial banks in Mexico in 2013, 3) Bank Capitalization Ratio (BCR) and variable four describes those financial institutions with majority foreign investment in Mexico and those banks with majority investment in the Mexican domestic market. PALABRAS CLAVE: tasas de interés activas, tarjetas de crédito, bancos comerciales. KEYWORDS: rates for interest, credit cards, commercial banks