Spaces of death in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights

In this article I explore the idea expressed by philosophers and social geographers such as Henri Lefebvre, Edward Soja, and Henk van Houtum that “space” is a social construct; that the space in which a society exists and of which it consists is shaped by that society itself, and that specific locations are assigned to each of the members of the community. I discuss how the dominant spaces in society are shaped by those in positions of authority according to their own ideologies so as to ensure social order and their continued empowerment within the social structure. Additionally, I suggest that it is possible for those who do not conform to social norms, and who are consequently cast into dominated spaces, to undermine the authority of those in positions of power by embracing their marginalised state, and thereby to generate new spaces they can inhabit. I explore these ideas in relation to Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights and its depiction and examination of central nineteenth-century ideas and anxieties about death and the different areas allocated to the dead.In hierdie artikel ondersoek ek die idee, verwoord deur filosowe en sosiale geograwe soos Henri Lefebvre, Edward Soja en Henk van Houtum, dat “ruimte” ’n sosiale skepping is; dat die ruimte waarin ’n gemeenskap geleë is en waaruit dit bestaan deur die samelewing self gevorm word en dat spesifieke ruimtes aan elk van die lede van die gemeenskap toegeken word. Ek bespreek hoe die dominante spasies in die samelewing deur dié in posisies van outoriteit in ooreenstemming met hul eie ideologieë geskep word om sosiale orde en die voortbestaan van hul eie mag binne die sosiale struktuur te verseker. Ek voer ook aan dat dit moontlik is vir dié wat nie by sosiale norme hou nie en wat gevolglik in ruimtes van onderdrukking gewerp word om die outoriteit van dié in magsposisies te ondermyn en sodoende nuwe ruimtes vir hulself te skep. Ek ondersoek hierdie idees ten opsigte van Emily Brontë se Wuthering Heights en dié teks se uitbeelding en ondersoeking van kern negentiende-eeuse idees en vrese met betrekking tot die dood en die verskeie areas wat aan die dooies toegeken word.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjls20hb201

Evidence for Spinodal Decomposition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Multifragmentation of a ``fused system'' was observed for central collisions between 32 MeV/nucleon 129Xe and natSn. Most of the resulting charged products were well identified thanks to the high performances of the INDRA 4pi array. Experimental higher-order charge correlations for fragments show a weak but non ambiguous enhancement of events with nearly equal-sized fragments. Supported by dynamical calculations in which spinodal decomposition is simulated, this observed enhancement is interpreted as a ``fossil'' signal of spinodal instabilities in finite nuclear systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Letter

Statistical Multifragmentation of Non-Spherical Expanding Sources in Central Heavy-Ion Collisions

We study the anisotropy effects measured with INDRA at GSI in central collisions of Xe+Sn at 50 A.MeV and Au+Au at 60, 80, 100 A.MeV incident energy. The microcanonical multifragmentation model with non-spherical sources is used to simulate an incomplete shape relaxation of the multifragmenting system. This model is employed to interpret observed anisotropic distributions in the fragment size and mean kinetic energy. The data can be well reproduced if an expanding prolate source aligned along the beam direction is assumed. An either non-Hubblean or non-isotropic radial expansion is required to describe the fragment kinetic energies and their anisotropy. The qualitative similarity of the results for the studied reactions suggests that the concept of a longitudinally elongated freeze-out configuration is generally applicable for central collisions of heavy systems. The deformation decreases slightly with increasing beam energy.Comment: 35 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Nuclear Physics

Quasiprojectile breakup and isospin equilibration at Fermi energies: an indication of longer projectile-target contact times?

An investigation of the quasiprojectile breakup channel in semiperipheral and peripheral collisions of $^{58,64}$Ni+$^{58,64}$Ni at 32 and 52 MeV/nucleon is presented. Data have been acquired in the first experimental campaign of the INDRA-FAZIA apparatus in GANIL. The effect of isospin diffusion between projectile and target in the two asymmetric reactions has been highlighted by means of the isospin transport ratio technique, exploiting the neutron-to-proton ratio of the quasiprojectile reconstructed from the two breakup fragments. We found evidence that, for the same reaction centrality, a higher degree of relaxation of the initial isospin imbalance is achieved in the breakup channel with respect to the more populated binary output, possibly indicating the indirect selection of specific dynamical features. We have proposed an interpretation based on different average projectile-target contact times related to the two exit channels under investigation, with a longer interaction for the breakup channel. The time information has been extracted from AMD simulations of the studied systems coupled to GEMINI++: the model calculations support the hypothesis hereby presented

Model-independent tracking of criticality signals in nuclear multifragmentation data

We look for signals of criticality in multifragment production in heavy-ion collisions using model-independent universal fluctuations theory. The phenomenon is studied as a function of system size, bombarding energy, and impact parameter in a wide range of INDRA data. For very central collisions (b/b_ma

Source shape determination with directional fragment-fragment velocity correlations

Correlation functions, constructed from directional projections of the relative velocities of fragments, are used to determine the shape of the breakup volume in coordinate space. For central collisions of 129Xe + natSn at 50 MeV per nucleon incident energy, measured with the 4pi multi-detector INDRA at GSI, a prolate shape aligned along the beam direction with an axis ratio of 1:0.7 is deduced. The sensitivity of the method is discussed in comparison with conventional fragment-fragment velocity correlations.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, subm. to Phys. Lett.

Description of current pulses induced by heavy ions in silicon detectors

International audienceThe polarization of the electron-hole pairs induced by 80 MeV View the MathML source ions in a silicon detector was considered and connected to the relative dielectric permittivity. The dissociation of pairs was supposed to take place with a constant probability in a time unit. The exact coordinate dependence of the modified electric field, inside and outside the ion range, was found as the solution of the one-dimensional Maxwell's equation for the electric field in this inhomogeneous medium. The improvement of the current signal simulation with that time-dependent treatment is encouraging, as compared to a prompt carrier collection in an undisturbed electric field

Dielectric polarization and electric field distorsion due to heavy ions impinging on silicon detectors

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