\uabEsto no hay quien se lo coma\ubb: an\ue1lisis contrastivo espa\uf1ol-italiano de la descortes\ueda verbal en televisi\uf3n

La scortesia verbale \ue8 talvolta usata nei media televisivi per aumentare gli ascolti. Ci\uf2 \ue8 evidente nei programmi che prevedono una giuria, spesso nota per la sua aggressivit\ue0 nei confronti dei concorrenti. Sulla base delle teorie di Brown e Levinson (1978) sulla (s)cortesia verbale e del concetto di face di Goffman (1967), l\u2019articolo mette a confronto le due versioni di un format che viene trasmesso sia in Italia che in Spagna, \u201cMasterChef\u201d. Anche se entrambe mostrano una scortesia mediatico-ludica (Brenes Pe\uf1a, 2013), la versione italiana cerca di intrattenere il pubblico squalificando i concorrenti; la versione spagnola, invece, usa una scortesia limitata, basata sulla retorica e non sulla critica diretta, che ricerca effetti di comicit\ue0

\u201cRet\uf3rica para insultar: la descortes\ueda verbal en el lenguaje de la pol\uedtica\u201d

Hoy en d\ueda es imposible desligar los conceptos de pol\uedtica y espect\ue1culo. Por eso en este art\uedculo nos planteamos estudiar c\uf3mo la ret\uf3rica, que en el \ue1mbito pol\uedtico siempre ha estado al servicio de la persuasi\uf3n, sirve actualmente tambi\ue9n a otros fines m\ue1s relacionados con los medios de comunicaci\uf3n que hacen llegar la pol\uedtica al ciudadano de a pie. Partiremos de las teor\uedas de Brown y Levinson (1978) sobre la descortes\ueda verbal, y de Goffman (1967) sobre la imagen social. En concreto nos proponemos analizar el papel de la ret\uf3rica como veh\uedculo de una descortes\ueda verbal que parece haberse instalado definitivamente en el discurso pol\uedtico. Para ello nos gustar\ueda centrarnos en el estudio del cara a cara entre Miguel Arias Ca\uf1ete y Elena Valenciano emitido por TVE, previo a las elecciones europeas del 25 de mayo de 2014

Experimetra. Collana\u2002di\u2002studi\u2002linguistici\u2002e\u2002letterari\u2002comparati

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A Multinational, Preregistered Cohort Study of beta-Lactam/beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations for Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Due to Extended-Spectrum-beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae

The spread of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) is leading to increased carbapenem consumption. Alternatives to carbapenems need to be investigated. We investigated whether beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) combinations are as effective as carbapenems in the treatment of bloodstream infections (BSI) due to ESBL-E. A multinational, retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients with monomicrobial BSI due to ESBL-E were studied; specific criteria were applied for inclusion of patients in the empirical-therapy (ET) cohort (ETC; 365 patients), targeted-therapy (TT) cohort (TTC; 601 patients), and global cohort (GC; 627 patients). The main outcome variables were cure/improvement rate at day 14 and all-cause 30-day mortality. Multivariate analysis, propensity scores (PS), and sensitivity analyses were used to control for confounding. The cure/improvement rates with BLBLIs and carbapenems were 80.0% and 78.9% in the ETC and 90.2% and 85.5% in the TTC, respectively. The 30-day mortality rates were 17.6% and 20% in the ETC and 9.8% and 13.9% in the TTC, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) values for cure/improvement rate with ET with BLBLIs were 1.37 (0.69 to 2.76); for TT, they were 1.61 (0.58 to 4.86). Regarding 30-day mortality, the adjusted OR (95% CI) values were 0.55 (0.25 to 1.18) for ET and 0.59 (0.19 to 1.71) for TT. The results were consistent in all subgroups studied, in a stratified analysis according to quartiles of PS, in PS-matched cases, and in the GC. BLBLIs, if active in vitro, appear to be as effective as carbapenems for ET and TT of BSI due to ESLB-E regardless of the source and specific species. These data may help to avoid the overuse of carbapenems. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01764490.