Obraz i podobieństwo Boże w człowieku jako podstawa antropologii prawosławnej: dar naturalny i zadanie osobiste

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Atomic composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties of schungite micropowder

The goal of the work was to study the microstructural, elemental, and electromagnetic properties of the samples of micropowder made from a natural mineral schungite. It was found that according to an X-ray spectral microanalysis, the carbon content in the studied samples of the mineral schungite was from 44 to 54 wt% while the iron content did not exceed 3.9 wt%. The iron content increased up to 6.1 wt% in the produced schungite micropowder. It can be presumed that in the schungite, micropowder iron exists in the form of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite and pyrite, which is formed when grinding schungite particles in ball mills with a steel body and a milling bowl. The produced schungite micropowder also showed the presence of weak ferrimagnetic properties according to the measurements of magnetic permeability performed by vector analysis of the impedance of electrical circuits. In accordance with its electromagnetic characteristics, schungite micropowder made from shungite mineral is an effective radio-absorbing filler for building materials for cellular communication frequency band

Loss of Prolyl Hydroxylase-1 Protects Against Colitis Through Reduced Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Increased Barrier Function

Background & Aims Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors are protective in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we investigated the therapeutic target(s) and mechanism(s) involved. Methods The effect of genetic deletion of individual HIF-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes on the development of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)induced colitis was examined in mice. Results PHD1-/-, but not PHD2+/- or PHD3-/-, mice were less susceptible to the development of colitis than wild-type controls as determined by weight loss, disease activity, colon histology, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine expression. Reduced susceptibility of PHD1-/- mice to colitis was associated with increased density of colonic epithelial cells relative to wild-type controls, which was because of decreased levels of apoptosis that resulted in enhanced epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, with the use of cultured epithelial cells it was confirmed that hydroxylase inhibition reversed DSS-induced apoptosis and barrier dysfunction. Finally, PHD1 levels were increased with disease severity in intestinal tissue from patients with IBD and in colonic tissues from DSS-treated mice. Conclusions These results imply a role for PHD1 as a positive regulator of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in the inflamed colon. Genetic loss of PHD1 is protective against colitis through decreased epithelial cell apoptosis and consequent enhancement of intestinal epithelial barrier function. Thus, targeted PHD1 inhibition may represent a new therapeutic approach in IBD. © 2010 AGA Institute

Energetic particle influence on the Earth's atmosphere

This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere/mesosphere through the stratosphere and troposphere, to the surface. The paper summarizes the different sources and energies of particles, principally galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and energetic electron precipitation (EEP). All the proposed mechanisms by which EPP can affect the atmosphere are discussed, including chemical changes in the upper atmosphere and lower thermosphere, chemistry-dynamics feedbacks, the global electric circuit and cloud formation. The role of energetic particles in Earth’s atmosphere is a multi-disciplinary problem that requires expertise from a range of scientific backgrounds. To assist with this synergy, summary tables are provided, which are intended to evaluate the level of current knowledge of the effects of energetic particles on processes in the entire atmosphere