Performance of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology in multi-institutional large cohort of pediatric thyroid nodules: a detailed analysis

Background: To evaluate the performance of TBSRTC through multi-institutional experience in the paediatric population and questioning the management recommendation of ATA Guidelines Task Force on Paediatric Thyroid Cancer; Methods: A retrospective search was conducted in 4 institutions to identify consecutive thyroid FNAC cases in paediatric population between 2000 and 2018. Following the 2nd TBSRTC, the risk of malignancy ratios (ROMs) was given in ranges and calculated by 2 different ways. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and DA ratios were calculated using histologic diagnosis as the gold standard; Results: Among a total of 405 specimens, the distribution of cases for each category was, 44 (11%) for ND, 204 (50%) for B category, 40 (10%) for AUS/FLUS, 36 (9%) for FN/SFN, 24 (6%) for SFM and 57 (14%) for M categories. 153 cases have a histological diagnosis. The ratio of surgery was 23% in ND, 16% in the B, 45% for AUS/FLUS, 75% for SFN/FN and 92% for SFM and 75% in M categories; Conclusions: The data underlines the high ROM values in paediatric population which might be clinically meaningful. The high rate of malignancy of the cohort of operated patients (50%) also underlines the need of better preoperative indicators for stratification. Considering that more than half of the nodules in AUS/FLUS category were benign, direct surgery recommendation could be questionable as proposed in ATA 2015 guidelines.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Twelve-month effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV: Real-world insights from BICSTaR cohorts

Background: Real-world evidence is an essential component of evidence-based medicine. The aim of the BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) study is to assess effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in antiretroviral treatment-naïve (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) people with HIV. Methods: BICSTaR is a prospective, observational cohort study. Participants (≥18 years) are being followed for 24 months. A pooled analysis is presented at 12 months, with the primary endpoint of effectiveness (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) and secondary endpoints of safety and tolerability (as per protocol). An exploration of patient-reported outcome measures using standardized questionnaires is included. Results: Between June 2018 and May 2021, 1552 people with HIV were enrolled across 12 countries. The analysed population comprised 1509 individuals (279 TN, 1230 TE); most were white (76%), male (84%) and had one or more comorbid conditions (68%). Median age was 47 years. After 12 months of B/F/TAF treatment, HIV-1 RNA was <50 copies/mL in 94% (221/236) of TN participants and 97% (977/1008) of TE participants. Median CD4 cell count increased by 214 cells/μL (p < 0.001) in TN participants and 13 cells/μL (p = 0.014) in TE participants; median CD4/CD8 ratios increased by 0.30 and 0.03, respectively (both p < 0.001). Persistence was high at 12 months (TN, 97%; TE, 95%). No resistance to B/F/TAF emerged. Study drug-related adverse events occurred in 13% of participants through 12 months, leading to B/F/TAF discontinuation in 6%. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide robust real-world evidence to support the broad use of B/F/TAF in both TN and TE people with HIV

Abdominal Wall Hibernoma in a Cat: A Case Report

Hibernoma is a very rare benign tumor of brown fat tissue which is found in hibernating and non-hibernating mammals. Until now, it has been reported in rats, dogs, and human beings. In this case report, a thirteen-year-old, spayed, female Siamese cat was examined for intestinal motility disorder. Local obstruction of the colon descendens was observed on radiographs 72 h after contrast medium administration. In order for the abdominal organs to be examined, diagnostic laparotomy was performed. A mass 1 cm in diameter located on the abdominal wall showing adhesion to mesenterium of the colon descendens was observed and completely removed. Post-operative treatment was maintained by intestinal diet, metoclopramide, and enrofloxacin administration. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed hibernoma, a benign tumor of brown fat tissue. Further immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the origin and behavior of the tumor by using S-100 and osteopontin antibodies. As a result, immunohistochemical staining was positive for S-100 and was weakly positive for osteopontin antibodies. In the presented report, a case of hibernoma in a cat was described with the clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical findings and treatment procedure

Prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia/osteoporosis in Turkish HIV/AIDS patients

BACKGROUND: Recent studies showed a high frequency of low bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients and no reports have been issued in Turkey. Our aim was to evaluate BMD and risk factors for osteopenia/osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients that attended an outpatient clinic in Istanbul, Turkey. METHOD: In order to determine the prevalence of BMD, 126 HIV-infected patients had been studied with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The association between BMD and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), habits, 25(OH)vitamin D, HIV RNA, CD4 lymphocyte nadir, using and duration of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) were investigated by using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Median age was 40.1 years (range, 20-70); 84% were male; 35.7% patients had AIDS, 63.5% were treated with HAART. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 53.9% and 23.8%, respectively. Mean plasma HIV RNA was 5.2 (SD 1.0) log10 copies/mL and CD4 lymphocyte nadir was 313.8 (SD 226.2)/mm³. Factors associated with bone loss were high viral load (p = 0.034), using (p = 0.033) and duration of HAART (p = 0.008). No correlation had been seen between sex and osteopenia/osteoporosis (p = 0.794). However, males showed higher rates of osteoporosis than females (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a very high prevalence of bone mass reduction in Turkish HIVinfected patients. This study supports the importance of both HIV and antiretroviral therapy in low BMD

Prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia/osteoporosis in Turkish HIV/AIDS patients

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies showed a high frequency of low bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients and no reports have been issued in Turkey. Our aim was to evaluate BMD and risk factors for osteopenia/osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients that attended an outpatient clinic in Istanbul, Turkey.MethodIn order to determine the prevalence of BMD, 126 HIV-infected patients had been studied with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The association between BMD and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), habits, 25(OH)vitamin D, HIV RNA, CD4 lymphocyte nadir, using and duration of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) were investigated by using multivariate analysis.ResultsMedian age was 40.1 years (range, 20–70); 84% were male; 35.7% patients had AIDS, 63.5% were treated with HAART. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 53.9% and 23.8%, respectively. Mean plasma HIV RNA was 5.2 (SD 1.0) log10 copies/mL and CD4 lymphocyte nadir was 313.8 (SD 226.2)/mm3. Factors associated with bone loss were high viral load (p=0.034), using (p=0.033) and duration of HAART (p=0.008). No correlation had been seen between sex and osteopenia/osteoporosis (p=0.794). However, males showed higher rates of osteoporosis than females (p=0.042).ConclusionsOur results show a very high prevalence of bone mass reduction in Turkish HIV-infected patients. This study supports the importance of both HIV and antiretroviral therapy in low BMD

A PARYLENE BONDING BASED FABRICATION METHOD FOR GRAVIMETRIC RESONANT BASED MASS SENSORS

In this study, a fabrication method utilizing parylene bonding for gravimetric resonant based mass sensors is presented. First, parylene bonding was experimentally tested and compared with the literature. Average shear strength was measured as 16.3 MPa (sigma=3MPa). Then, resonators located on top of a microchannel for real-time detection were fabricated using the presented method. Simulations and experiments verify proper operation of the fabricated resonators, and the applicability of the method for fabricating similar resonant based sensors

Surgical Correction of Ocular Dermoids in Dogs: 22 Cases

In this study, the treatment results of cases brought to the Istanbul University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery with a complaint of ocular discharge and diagnosed with ocular dermoids accompanying chronic epiphora, blepharospasm, keratitis, have been evaluated. The study includes 26 eyes with ocular dermoids, belonging to 22 dogs of different breed, sex and age. Due to the type and the localization of the dermoids surgical excision and superficial keratectomy of dermoids was carried out followed by pedicle conjunctival flap and/or tarsorrhaphy and medical treatment. The localization and treatment procedures for ocular dermoids and the need for further studies to determine the prevalence, species and breed distribution, as well as good clinical outcome, have been discussed

Course of IL-2-inducible T-cell kinase deficiency in a family: lymphomatoid granulomatosis, lymphoma and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in one sibling; and death in the other

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Apoptotic effects of dipyrido [3,2-a:2 ',3 '-c] phenazine (dppz) Au(III) complex against diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital induced experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

WOS: 000339910900026PubMed: 24756331We evaluated the effects of dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppz) Au(III) complex ([Au(dppz)Cl-2]Cl) on apoptosis during chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma. 48 male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into six groups; group I (control), group II [Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)], group III ([Au(dppz)Cl-2]Cl), group IV [diethylnitrosamine + Phenobabital (DEN + PB)], group V (DEN + PB + [Au(dppz)Cl-2]Cl (2nd week)), and group VI (DEN + PB + [Au(dppz)Cl-2]Cl (7th week). The rats in groups IV through VI were administrated with DEN in a single dose of intraperitoneal 175 mg/kg. After 2 weeks of DEN administration, these groups of rats were given daily PB in a dose of 500 ppm. In group V, after two weeks of DEN administration, [Au(dppz)Cl-2]Cl complex (2 mg/kg) was given once a week by intraperitoneal injection. In the group VI, the rats were given a dose of 2 mg/kg [Au(dppz)Cl-2]Cl complex once a week, 7 weeks after DEN administration. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected from the rats to determine levels of serum AST, ALT, and LDH, and caspase 3, p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and DNA fragmentation in liver. AST, ALT, LDH, and Bcl-2 levels were higher in group IV, compared to group I, but caspase 3 and p53 levels were lower. In group V, caspase 3, p53, Bax, and DNA fragmentation levels were higher than those of group IV. Caspase 3 and p53 levels increased in group VI compared with group IV. In conclusion, [Au(dppz)Cl-2]Cl complex induced apoptosis by elevating levels of caspase 3, p53, Bax, and DNA fragmentation.Eskisehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Commission [201011044]This study was supported by Eskisehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Commission. Contract grants number 201011044