Weyl-Lorentz-U(1)-invariant symmetric teleparallel gravity in three dimensions

We consider a Weyl-Lorentz-U(1)-invariant gravity model written in terms of a scalar field, electromagnetic field and nonmetricity tensor in three dimensions. Firstly we obtain variational field equations from a Lagrangian. Then, we find some classes of circularly symmetric rotating solutions by exploiting the coincident gauge of symmetric teleparallel spacetime

Enhanced self-collimation effect by low rotational symmetry in hexagonal lattice photonic crystals

In this study, we present the design of a photonic crystal (PC) structure with a hexagonal lattice, where adjustments to the PC unit cell symmetry reveal an all-angle self-collimation (SC) effect. By optimizing opto-geometric parameters, such as the rotational angle of auxiliary rods and adjacent distances, we analyze the SC property in detail, leveraging group velocity dispersion (GVD) and third-order dispersion (TOD) characteristics. We also investigate the relationship between symmetry properties and their influence on dispersion characteristics. Through symmetry manipulation, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing light collimation and confinement in the proposed configurations. The PC structure with a $C_1$ symmetry group exhibits all-angle SC effect within the range of $a/\lambda=0.652$ and $a/\lambda=0.668$ normalized frequencies, with a bandwidth of $\Delta \omega/\omega_c = 2.4\%$. Further breaking the symmetry, transforming from $C_1$ to $C_2$ group symmetry, enhances the SC bandwidth to $\Delta \omega/\omega_c =6.5\%$ and reveals the perfect linear equi-frequency contours (EFC) at two different frequency bands: all angle SC between $a/\lambda = 0.616$ and $a/\lambda = 0.656$ normalized frequencies in the 4th transverse magnetic (TM) band and between $a/\lambda=0.712$ and $a/\lambda=0.760$ in the 5th TM band. Additionally, we propose a composite/hybrid PC structure resembling $C_2$ group symmetry, where two auxiliary rods are replaced by rectangular photonic wires with the same refractive index and width equal to the diameter of auxiliary rods. This hybrid structure exhibits an all-angle SC effect with an operating bandwidth of $\Delta \omega/\omega_c =11.7\%$, displays near-zero GVD and TOD performance and offers enhanced robustness against potential fabrication precision issues

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Effects of oregano essential oil supplementation to diets of broiler chicks with delayed feeding after hatching. Morphological development of small intestine segments

WOS: 000340149700008The study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of oregano essential oil (OEO) on the morphological development of small intestine of broilers with different feeding times (immediate, 24, 48 or 72 h post-hatching delayed feeding) from d 0 to 14. The diets were supplemented with: no, 250 or 500 mg/kg of the OEO (OEO250 and OEO500, respectively). Fasting for 72 h significantly increased the weight and length of small intestine segments of broilers on d 14. The OEO250 and OEO500 significantly increased the jejunum villus height of chickens fed immediately and the duodenum villus height of broilers fasted for 48 h. The duodenum villus surface area of chickens fasted for 48 h and the ileum villus surface area of broilers fasted for 24 h were significantly increased by the OEO250. The OEO500 significantly enhanced the duodenum villus surface area of broilers fasted for 24 h and their ileum villus surface area fasted for 48 h. The crypt depths of small intestine segments of broilers fasted for 72 h were significantly reduced by OEO250 and OEO500. In conclusion, the dose of phenolic compounds in OEO reaching the small intestine might be enough for protecting the intestinal epithelial cells from damages of toxins and for removing the negative effects of delayed feeding on the morphological development of all the small intestine segments of broiler chicks on d 14

Scale invariant Einstein–Cartan theory in three dimensions

We retreat the well-known Einstein–Cartan theory by slightly modifying the covariant derivative of spinor field by investigating double cover of the Lorentz group. We first write the Lagrangian consisting of the Einstein–Hilbert term, Dirac term and a scalar field term in a non-Riemannian spacetime with curvature and torsion. Then by solving the affine connection analytically we reformulate the theory in the Riemannian spacetime in a self-consistent way. Finally we discuss our results and give future perspectives on the subject

Can the early stage copepoda (Copepodites and Naupliies) abundance play important role on the fatty acid composition of Sagitta setosa (Chaetognatha) in the Southeastern Black Sea?

In this study, the relationship between the fatty acid composition, abundance of carnivore Sagitta setosa (S. setosa) and total copepod abundance (copepodites and nauplii) which are the main diets of S. setosa was investigated. Sampling was conducted monthly during a year. During the sampling period, S. setosa and the total the copepod abundance showed a parallel distribution until November. Average total lipid was at the highest with 3% in spring and autumn, while the lowest was 2% in winter and summer. While DHA/EPA ratio (2.23) as carnivory index in S. setosa and the total copepod (copepodites and nauplii) abundance (1375 ind/m(3)) were at the highest in winter, but another carnivory index, 18:1 omega 9/18:1 omega 7 ratio did not show a parallel increase with copepod abundance. However, 18:1 omega 9 which increases the carnivory index, is among the main fatty acids in S. setosa. This might be indicated that S. setosa does not related to predation on the copepods, but it shows that feeding in a carnivorous style. Additionally, the herbivory index Sigma (n-3)/Sigma (n-6) ratio was detected in spring and autumn at the highest level. Consequently, although there is no direct effect between the copepod abundance and S. setosa fatty acids, it is possible an indirect effect

Biochemical Content (Fatty Acids, Sterols, Lipophilic Vitamins, Total Protein, MDA, GSH, GSSG) of Noctiluca scintillans in the Southeastern Black Sea

Noctiluca scintillans reached the highest abundance (5105 ind/m(3)) in April; and April was an important period in the Black Sea ecosystem because of the seasonal thermocline. While the relationship between temperature and abundance was important (P<0.05, r(2)=-0.8), the relationship was not important between salinity and abundance (P<0.05, r(2)=-0.06); and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and abundance (P<0.05, r(2)=-0.2). It was determined that total lipid was 0.5% in wet weight (WW). It was shown that the main Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) were 16:0 (24%) and 18:0 (6%), main Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) were 18:1 omega-9c (22%) and 16:1 omega-7 (4%), main Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) were 18:2 omega-6c (19%) and 20:4 omega-6c (8%). Phytosterols were the most important sterols in N. scintillans; and stigmasterol was 60 mu g/gr and beta-sterol was 8 mu g/gr as the most important ones in phytosterols. alpha-tocopherol was the highest amount (10.8 mu g/g) in lipophilic vitamins. It was found that Malondialdehyde (MDA) was 65 mu g/g, total protein was 10 mg/g, Glutathione (GSH) was 10565 mu g/g and GSSG) was 49 mu g/g. Consequently, PUFA and alpha-tocopherol were the most important biochemical parameters and alpha-tocopherol may reduce toxicity in blooms of N. scintillans because of inhibitory effect of alpha-tocopherol on lipid oxidation. Additionally, we can say that N. scintillans is a resistant dinoflagellate against oxidative stress

Seasonal changes in abundance, lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus euxinus in the South-eastern Black Sea

Seasonal changes in abundance, lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991 were analysed monthly during the period from March 2012 to February 2013. The highest abundance of C. euxinus was recorded in February (847 ind. m(-3)) during the sampling period. Female and male C. euxinus peaked in February (587 ind. m(3), 169 ind. m-3, respectively). However, copepodites peaked in November (107 ind. m(-3)). Average total lipid content was determined as percentage (%) and per individual (mg ind(-1)). It was proportionally highest in February (7.03%) and lowest in September (3.02%). However, average lipid content per individual was highest in February (0.11 mg ind(-1)) and lowest in September and November (0.04 mg ind(-1)). Major fatty acids in C. euxinus were identified as 16: 0, 16: 1 n(-7), EPA and DHA. Sigma SSFA, Sigma SMUFA, Sigma SPUFA and Sigma SHUFA were observed to be correlated with temperature. SSFA and Sigma SMUFA increased with the rise in temperature (r(2)= 0.74, r(2)= 0.73, p< 0.05, respectively) whereas Sigma SPUFA and Sigma SHUFA increased as temperature decreased (r(2)=-0.73, r2=-0.80, respectively, p< 0.05). Additionally, while Sigma SPUFA and Sigma SHUFA increased (r(2)= 0.61, r(2)=-0.68, respectively, p< 0.05), Sigma SMUFA decreased (r(2)=-0.68, p< 0.05) as chlorophyll-a increased. It was observed that the degree of unsaturation increased as temperature decreased. Results of the study revealed that C. euxinus has rich lipid content as well as fatty acid composition and it plays an important role in the South-eastern Black Sea ecosystem functionalities especially having key role in energy fluxes to higher trophic levels