Reingeniería en planta de tratamiento de efluentes cloacales

Se estudia el caso particular de la embotelladora de agua mineral Eco de los Andes, ubicada en Tunuyán, Mendoza. La problemática radica en sus efluentes cloacales, que son tratados in situ y deben adecuarse a la normativa provincial, nacional e internacional vigente. El objetivo es la reingeniería de la planta de tratamiento de efluentes cloacales para cerrar el ciclo de materia de los mismos, logrando cero residuos y la disminución de la cantidad de energía utilizada en el proceso. Se realiza un estudio de base mediante el análisis bioclimático y geomorfológico de la zona, se hace una caracterización mediante el establecimiento de cotas, volúmen de los elementos componentes de la PTEC (Planta de Tratamiento de Efluentes Cloacales), nivel freático, calidad de suelo, caudal entrante de efluente, pH, perfil hidráulico y balance hídrico (de una zona propuesta para reúso agrícola). Luego, mediante un estudio de factibilidad de reúso de efluentes cloacales con planteo de alternativas se decide el tratamiento mediante aireación prolongada, sedimentación final y disposición en suelo forestado. Para ello se selecciona el método de lodos activados y disposición en A.C.R.E. (Área de cultivos especiales restringidos) en un sistema de infiltración lenta. Para el tratamiento de lodos se selecciona un sistema de filtro intermitente de arena con producción de abono orgánico para el A.C.R.E. En base a los resultados y considerando los aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos del caso en estudio, se concluye que la reingeniería de la planta de tratamiento de efluentes cloacales mediante la incorporación de un A.C.R.E. y un digestor de lodos biológicos, permite el cierre del ciclo de materia y la reducción del consumo de energía utilizada en el proceso.Fil: Oyarzábal, Aldana J.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias

Translation exemption in immigration within MERCOSUR

Este trabajo analiza el Acuerdo sobre exencion de traduccion para documentos administrativos para efectos de inmigracion entre los Estados Partes del MERCOSUR, Bolivia y Chile, y argumenta que el mismo presenta ciertas deficiencias para las que el autor sugiere soluciones interpretativas.This paper analyzes the agreement to exempt administrative documentation from translation for purposes of migration between the MERCOSUR member states, Bolivia and Chile. It argues that this agreement suffers from some weaknesses for which the author suggests interpretative answers.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

El derecho a la intimidad y el tratamiento de datos personales en el derecho internacional privado argentino

Fil: Oyarzábal, Mario J. A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales; Argentin

Physics and Technology Research for Liquid-Metal Divertor Development, Focused on a Tin-Capillary Porous System Solution, at the OLMAT High Heat-Flux Facility

The operation of the Optimization of Liquid Metal Advanced Targets (OLMAT) facility began in April 2021 with the scientific objective of exposing liquid-metal plasma facing components (PFCs) to the particle and power fluxes provided by one of the hydrogen neutral beam injectors of the TJ-II stellarator. The system can deliver heat fluxes from 5 to 58 MW m−2 of high energy hydrogen neutral particles (≤ 33 keV) with fluxes up to 1022m2s−1 (containing an ion fraction ≤ 33% in some instances), pulsed operation of 30–150 ms duration and repetition rates up to 2 min−1. These characteristics enable OLMAT as a high heat flux (HHF) facility for PFC evaluation in terms of power exhaust capabilities, thermal fatigue and resilience to material damage. Additionally, the facility is equipped with a wide range of diagnostics that includes tools for analyzing the thermal response of the targets as well as for monitoring atomic/plasma physics phenomena. These include spectroscopy, pyrometry, electrical probing and visualization (fast and IR cameras) units. Such particularities make OLMAT a unique installation that can combine pure technological PFC research with the investigation of physical phenomena such as vapor shielding, thermal sputtering, the formation/characterization of plasma plumes with significant content of evaporated metal and the detection of impurities in front of the studied targets. Additionally, a myriad of surface characterization techniques as SEM/EDX for material characterization of the exposed PFC prototypes are available at CIEMAT. In this article, first we provide an overview of the current facility upgrade in which a high-power CW laser, that can be operated in continuous and pulsed modes (0.2–10 ms), dump and electrical (single Langmuir) probe embedded on the target surface have been installed. This laser operation will allow simulating more relevant heat loading scenarios such as nominal steady-state divertor heat fluxes (10–20 MW m−2 in continuous mode) and transients including ELM loading and disruption-like events (ms time scales and power densities up to GW m−2 range). The work later focuses on the more recent experimentation (2022 fall campaign) where a 3D printed Tungsten (W) Capillary Porous System (CPS) target, with approximated 30 μm pore size and a 37% porosity and filled with liquid tin. This porous surface was a mock-up of the PFC investigated in the ASDEX Upgrade divertor manipulator. The target composed with this element was eventually exposed to a sequence of shots with the maximum heat flux that OLMAT provides (58 ± 14 MWm−2). Key questions as resilience to dry-out and particle ejection of the liquid metal layer, its refilling, the induced damage/modification of the porous W matrix and the global performance of the component are addressed, attempting to shed light on the issues encountered with the PFC at tokamak scale testing.</p

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presented. ISSN:0029-5515 ISSN:1741-432