Contribution of Dehydration and Malnutrition to the Mortality of Children 0-59 Month of Age in a Senegalese Pediatric Hospital

In-hospital mortality is an indicator of the quality of care. We analyzed the mortality of under five years children of Pediatric ward of Aristide Le Dantec teaching hospital to update our data, after an previous study conducted ten years earlier.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving children 0-59 months of age, hospitalized from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012.For each child, nutritional status was assessed according to 2006 World Health Organization growth standards; clinical and biological data were recorded. The outcome of the disease was specified. Bivariate and multivariable were used to identify risk factors for death.Results: 393 children were included. Overall mortality rate was 10% (39/393). Factors associated with death were severe wasting [OR = 8.27, 95% CI [3.79-18], male gender (OR = 2.98, 95% CI [1.25-7.1]), dehydration (OR = 5.4, 95% CI [2.54-13.43]) in the model using the weight-for- height z score, male gender (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), dehydration (OR = 8.43, 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in using the height- for- age z score, male gender (OR = 2.7, 95% CI [1.19-6.24]), dehydration (OR = 7.5, 95% CI [3.39-16.76]), severe underweight (OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), in the model using the weight-for- age z score, and male gender (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), dehydration (OR = 8.43, 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in that using MUAC.Dehydration and malnutrition are two independent factors of mortality. Our management protocols of dehydration and malnutrition have to be updated. Screening malnutrition has to be done systematically for each child by anthropometric measurements using WHO growth standards

Options de Modèles d’Affaires pour Assurer la Durabilité de l’Utilisation des Services d’Information Climatique au Sénégal

USAID/CINSERE (Services d’information climatiques pour améliorer la résilience et la productivité au Sénégal) est un projet de résilience qui vise à renforcer les capacités nationales pour la production, l’accès et la diffusion efficiente d’informations météorologiques et climatiques (IC) et de développer des stratégies pour une mise à l’échelle durable de l’utilisation des services d’information météorologiques et climatiques (SIC) sur toute l’étendue du territoire national. Le projet est financé par l’USAID et mis en œuvre par le Programme de Recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement Climatique, l’Agriculture et la Sécurité Alimentaire hébergé par ICRISAT (CCAFS/ICRISAT) en collaboration avec l’ANACIM. La zone d’intervention du projet est celle des projets Feed the Future (FtF) au Sénégal, notamment Naatal Mbay (clôturé en 2019), Yaajeende (remplacé par Kawolor en 2018), ERA (remplacé par Youth in Agriculture en 2018) et COMFISH (remplacé par Dekkal Geej en 2019). Démarré en Mai 2016 pour une durée de trois ans (Jusqu’en mai 2019), le projet a bénéficié d’une extension d’un an. Ainsi, cette première phase de l’USAID/CINSERE prend fin en avril 2020. Durant presque quatre années de mise en œuvre, des résultats assez probants ont été atteints tant dans la production des SIC, la communication et l’utilisation de ces SIC, que dans le renforcement des capacités des bénéficiaires à utiliser de façon efficiente ces SIC. Dans le souci de préserver les acquis du projet et d’assurer une mise à l’échelle soutenue du système de développement et de fourniture des IC en vue d’une utilisation durable des IC au Sénégal, l’USAID a recommandé l’identification, le test, la validation et la mise en œuvre de modèles économiques viables impliquant des partenaires aussi bien du public que du privé (PPP). Le projet USAID/CINSERE s’est donc inspiré des expériences et leçons apprises au Sénégal, au Ghana, au Mali, en Inde et en Amérique Latine (Colombie) en matière de modèles économiques dans la fourniture des SIC pour bâtir des modèles adaptés au contexte du Sénégal. Ce document présente les modèles identifiés ainsi que les défis et perspectives

COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF o-VANILLIN ACETYLHYDRAZONE (H2L) AND THE SINGLE-CRYSTAL X-RAY STRUCTURE OF [{Cu(HL)(H

A hydrazonic ligand, o-vanillin acetylhydrazone (H2L) has been prepared and used as chelating agent towards copper(II) ion. The ligand acts like a tridentate ligand in the monodeprotonated (HL-) and dideprotonated (L2-) states. Monoanionic complexes [{Cu(HL)(H2O)}2]•2BF4 and [{Cu(HL)(Hpz)(H2O)}]•NO3 have been isolated. After neutralization the complex [{Cu(L)}2].5/2H2O is obtained. These complexes have been characterized by a range of physicochemical and spectroscopic studies. The X-ray crystal structure of the mononuclear complex [{Cu(HL)(Hpz)(H2O)}]•NO3 was also determined. This crystal is orthorombic with the space group I222, a = 13.417(3), b = 22.662(6), c = 22.518(5) Å, α = β = γ = 90° and Z = 8. The copper ion has a square-pyramidal geometry with the basal donors atoms from the tridentate ligand (ONO) and the pyrazole (N), the apical position being occupied by a coordinated water molecule weakly linked to the copper(II) center. The binuclear complexes exhibit interesting magnetic properties. KEY WORDS: Copper(II) complexes, Tridentate ligand, o-Vanillin acetylhydrazone, X-Ray crystal structure Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2006, 20(1), 35-43

Evaluation De La Denutrition Chez Les Enfants Ages De 2 A 60 Mois Hospitalises Aux Services De Pediatrie Des Hopitaux De Ziguinchor (Senegal)

Introduction: Malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. The prevalence of malnutrition at the national level hardly reflects the reality in hospitals. It is in this context that we assessed the nutritional status of children from 2 months to 5 years hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the regional hospital and the Ziguinchor Peace Hospital. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study from June 1 to October 30, 2016. Children aged 2 to 60 months, hospitalized in one of the two services, were included. Children with esdato-ascetic syndrome were not included. Epidemiological, anthropometric data, and associated diagnosis were studied. Results: We included 114 children (70 boys and 44 girls). The average age was 21.9 months [4-59]. Forty-two point one percent (42.1%) of infants <6 months were breastfed exclusively with breast milk. The weaning of children was done early in 55.3%. The mean age of mothers was 26.6 years [17-38]. The socioeconomic level was low in 62.3% of cases. The prevalence of malnutrition averaged 35.5% for underweight; 32.9% for wasting and 32.0% for stunting. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis were the most common associated conditions. Mean hospital stay was 8 days ± 009 [3-28]. About two thirds of the patients (n = 72) had a hospital stay of more than 7 days. Malnutrition was significantly associated with multiparity, low socioeconomic status, hospital stay of more than 7 days and infectious diseases. Conclusion: Infections and a hospital stay longer than a week are factors favoring malnutrition in children from 2 months to 5 years

Effets de la distance de prélèvement par rapport au pied de Eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn sur les paramètres physico-chimiques du sol en zone sudsoudanienne côtière (Sénégal –Base Casamance)

Les effets des arbres sur les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol sont très variables d’une espèce à une autre. L’objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à l’évaluation de l’effet de la distance de prélèvement par rapport au pied de E. camaldulensis sur les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol. Pour ce faire, des prélèvements de sol ont été effectués dans trois sites différents: Oussouye, Boukitingho et Boucotte Diembéring, à l’horizon 0-20 cm. Ces prélèvements ont été faits sur différentes distances par rapport à E. camaldulensis: à 0 m, 10 m, 20m et à 30 m du pied. Quatre arbres ont été choisis au hasard par site. Sur chaque arbre, un (1) échantillon composite a été formé par distance suivant l’orientation Est-Ouest, Nord-Sud. Le facteur étudié a été la distance de prélèvement par rapport à E. camaldulensis. Au total 48 échantillons de sol ont été prélevés dans les trois sites. Ces échantillons ont été analysés au laboratoire de l’Institut National de Pédologie. L’analyse des résultats a montré que la distance de prélèvement par rapport à E. camaldulensis n’a pas d’effets significatifs sur les paramètres physiques du sol, quel que soit le site (P≥0,37). La texture du sol est sablo-limoneuse. Un pH relativement acide a été noté quel que soit le traitement. Aucune différence significative n’a été notée entre le carbone et la matière organique mesurés avec respectivement P≥0,19 pour le carbone et P≥0,14 pour la matière organique. Il ressort des analyses chimiques, que la distance par rapport à E. camaldulensis n’a pas d’effets significatifs sur les propriétés chimiques du sol. Les caractéristiques chimiques du sol à différentes distances de E. camaldulensis ne semblent pas être influencées par l’espèce, quelle que soit la distance et quel que soit le site (P>0,05).The effects of trees on soil physical and chemical properties are very variable depending on species. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on soil physical and chemical properties. For that, soilsamples were taken from 0 to 20cm from the surface in three different sites: Oussouye, Boukitingho and Boucotte Diembéring. These soil samples were taken from various distances (0, 10, 20 and 30m) from E. camaldulensis trees. Four trees of E. camaldulensis were randomly chosen by site. A round each tree, a composite sample was made at each distance level. A total of 48 composite samples were taken in the three sites. These samples were taken to the laboratory of National Institute of Pedology for the analyses to determine the soil physical and chemical properties (texture, pH, carbone and organic matter). The studied factors were the distance of sampling from E. camaldulensis and the species. The distance of sampling had no significant effects (P=0. 37) on the soil physical parameters. The soil texture was sandy silt. The soil pH was relatively acid. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between soil carbon and organic matter content. The sampling distance had no significant effects (P > 0. 05) on the soil chemical properties. The chemical characteristics of the soil from different distances from E. camaldulensis were not influenced by the species

Entomological impact of indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl: a pilot study in an area of low malaria transmission in Senegal.

BACKGROUND: Scaling-up of effective anti-malarial control strategies in Central-West region of Senegal has resulted in the sharp decline in malaria prevalence in this area. However, despite these strategies, residual malaria transmission has been observed in some villages (hot spots). The objective of this study was to assess the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) with pirimiphos-methyl on malaria transmission in hot spot areas. METHODS: The malaria vector population dynamics were monitored in each of the six selected villages (4 of which used IRS, 2 were unsprayed control areas) using overnight human landing catches (HLC) and pyrethrum spray catches (PSC). The host source of blood meals from freshly fed females collected using PSC was identified using the direct ELISA method. Females caught through HLC were tested by ELISA for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and Anopheles gambiae complex was identified using PCR. RESULTS: Preliminary data shown that the densities of Anopheles populations were significantly lower in the sprayed areas (179/702) compared to the control. Overall, malaria transmission risk was 14 times lower in the intervention zone (0.94) compared to the control zone (12.7). In the control areas, three Anopheles species belonging to the Gambiae complex (Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles melas) maintained the transmission, while only An. coluzzii was infective in the sprayed areas. CONCLUSION: The preliminary data from this pilot study showed that IRS with the CS formulation of pirimiphos-methyl is likely very effective in reducing malaria transmission risk. However, additional studies including further longitudinal entomological surveys as well as ecological and ethological and genetical characterization of vectors species and their populations are needed to better characterize the entomological impact of indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl in the residual transmission areas of Senegal