Aperçu de la culture du voandzou (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) au Burkina Faso: enjeux et perspectives d’amélioration de sa productivité

Le voandzou constitue avec le niébé, les deux principales légumineuses alimentaires pour de nombreuses populations rurales et la frange pauvre des citadins au Burkina Faso. Cependant, des informations émanant de l’environnement de production de cette culture selon la perception des producteurs sont quasi inexistantes. Cette étude vise à s’informer au mieux des réalités sociales, environnementales et techniques qui entourent la production de cette culture. Les données collectées auprès des producteurs à l’aide des fiches d’enquêtes ont été soumises à une analyse fréquentielle. La culture du voandzou est pratiquée majoritairement par les femmes sur des petites superficies sans apport de fertilisants. Les maladies foliaires et les insectes de stock constituent les principales contraintes biotiques. Les producteurs conservent la semence dans des bidons fermés hermétiquement. Le cycle moyen des variétés cultivées est de 90 jours. La variété préférée est celle de couleur crème à hile blanc pour ses qualités organoleptiques, agronomiques et esthétiques. Le manque de sensibilisation sur la qualité nutritionnelle de la culture, l’insuffisance d’activités de recherche sur les techniques innovantes pour améliorer son système de production et les contraintes biotiques et abiotiques expliquent en grande partie la faible productivité et production de cette culture.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Culture, Voandzou, Burkina Faso, productivitéEnglish Title:  Overview of the culture of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) in Burkina Faso : Issues and prospects for improving its productivityEnglish AbstractBambara groundnut is, with cowpea, the two main food legumes for many rural and poor urban fringes in Burkina Faso. However, information from the production environment of this culture as perceived by  producers is almost nonexistent. This study aims at collecting information about social, environmental and technical realities surrounding the production of this crop. The data collected from producers using survey forms were subjected to a frequency analysis. Bambara groundnut cultivation is mainly practiced by women on small areas without adding fertilizers. Foliar diseases and insects in stock are major biotic constraints. Producers retain the seed in cans tightly closed. The average cycle of cultivated varieties is 90 days. The favorite variety is the cream-colored white hilum for its organoleptic, agronomic and aesthetic qualities. Lack of awareness on the nutritional quality of culture, the lack of research on innovative techniques to improve its production system and the biotic and abiotic constraints largely explain the low productivity and production of this crop.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Culture, Bambara groundnut, Burkina Faso, productivit

Phenotypical characteristics and genetic diversity of three types of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivated in Burkina Faso based on qualitative traits

The objective of this study is to compare the genetic diversity of sweet grain sorghum with grain sorghum and sweet sorghum using qualitative agro-morphological traits in order to identify its phenotypical specific traits. Forty-two genotypes of the three types of sorghum were evaluated using a three-repeat Incomplete Fisher Block device using 15 qualitative characters. The results showed a lack of variability in ten sweet grain sorghum traits that resulted in zero Shannon-Weaver diversity indices. However, the type of panicle, the color of the grain, the cover of the grain, the appearance of the endosperm and the botanical race make it possible to clearly distinguish sweet grain sorghum from the other two cultivated sorghums. Indeed, sorghum sweet grain usually has a loose panicle, floury and red grains that are covered at most on 50% by glumes and often belongs to the caudatum breed. These results could be used in sorghum breeding program. Keywords: Sorghum, genetic variability, genetic relationship, Burkina Fas

Post-Harvest Management Practices Of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc) Seeds In Burkina Faso

Bambara groundnut plays a major role in the production systems and diets of farmers in Burkina Faso. This crop, due to certain production, storage, or preservation conditions, is subject to damage by insects and fungi. Effective post-harvest management can contribute significantly to reducing losses during storage. This study was carried out in the three agro-ecological areas in Burkina Faso to assess post-harvest management practices of Bambara groundnut among farmers. The data were collected from 180 farmers using surveys. The results showed that the culture of Bambara groundnut was mainly carried out by women (74.4%) on small farms (0.25-0.5ha). The harvested crops were dried at home during a period of 5 to 14 days. About 53% of farmers stored seeds for more than 3 months. Seeds were mainly stored in hermetically sealed cans (45.6%) and in plastic bags (31.1%). Some products such as wood ash and chemicals were used for seed storage. Challenges during seed storage were insects (91.4%) and fungi (42.9%). In the case of seeds attacked by pests (insects, fungi, etc.), farmers (84.4%) adopt a set of measures consisting of sorting, winnowing, drying, and repackaging the seeds. Besides the existence of traditional storage techniques, there is still a need to develop effective storage techniques and continue building farmers’ awareness on improved storage technologies to avoid post-harvest losses

Variabilite De La Coloration Du Tegument Des Graines De Voandzou Cultivees Au Burkina Faso Et Les Noms Locaux Associes

Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt specie is a traditional African legume, grown in all parts of Burkina Faso. It plays a huge role in the resilience of poor people to food and nutritional insecurity. In order to contribute to the safeguarding of the genetic resources of this specie and to better valorize it in the selection and varietal improvement programs, a study on the phenotypic variability based on the coloration of the seed coat and the nomenclature of the local varieties within certain ethnic groups has been realized. Prospecting and collection of bambara groundnut accessions has made in several localities across the three agro-climatic zones of Burkina Faso. Accessions collected were identified on the basis of seed coat colouring and local names within some ethnic groups. Frequency calculations of the accessions collected according to the staining of tegument were performed. From a total of 138 seed samples collected 322 accessions were obtained with a breakdown into 22 groups of accessions according to the coloration of their tegument. This important phenotypic variability can be exploited in the breeding and varietal breeding programs of bambara groundnut. Knowing the local names of the accessions can also be useful in the nomenclature of the selected varieties and can help in facilitating their adoption by the producers

Food tree species selection for nutrition-sensitive forest landscape restoration in Burkina Faso

Modern food systems push agriculture to focus on a small number of commercial crops, while there is a very large diversity of untapped edible plants that could be used to address food security and nutrition. Poor and monotonous diets are closely linked to the complex burden of multiple forms of malnutrition and dietary risk. In some contexts, such as West Africa, micronutrient deficiency risks are particularly pronounced. Hence, there is an urgent need to provide people with healthy diets supported by sustainable food systems. Within this context, using nutrition-sensitive forest landscape restoration to combat environmental degradation could contribute towards ensuring the year-round availability of nutritious tree-based food

Morphometric and agronomic characterization of 56 ginger landraces in Burkina Faso

Objective: This study aims to characterize and assess the variability within the ginger accessions growing in Burkina Faso for morphometric and agronomic traits in order to identify appropriate strategies for the future breeding program.Methodology and Results: The experiment was conducted with 56 accessions in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Moderate diversity was observed for morphometric and agronomic characters. The linear Pearson’s correlations between rhizome yield and rhizome weight per plant were significantly positives with the other characters, except days taken to maturity, which were negatives. Plant height was strongly associated with number of leaves, leaf length and rhizome width. The accessions gathering into two groups is not made according to their origin, but mainly on the basis of the characters such as rhizome yield, rhizome weight per plant, rhizome length, and plant height.Conclusion and application: The ginger germplasm characterization is useful and has made it possible to understand the basic information for development of a scientific strategy for the efficient conservation of ginger. Strong associations between yield components and plant seize are important selection indices of rhizome yield and may be emphasized in the breeding programs for genetic improvement. Moreover, the model of clustering of the accessions can be used as a base for the choice of genotypes with interesting agro-morphological characteristics for the improvement of ginger productivity.Keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc, evaluation, variability, rhizom

Performance of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdcourt) Genotypes Cropped on Plinthite Soil in the Semi Arid-Zone, Burkina Faso

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdcourt) is grown mainly as a food crop in Burkina Faso. Despite its high nutritional value, it has been among the most neglected crops in the country. This study was undertaken with the objective to investigating the effects of genotypes on the physiological traits, yield and yield related traits of the crop and thereby identify the genotypes having better performance for yield and yield related traits. The field experiment was conducted at the Tenkodogo University Centre site, during the 2021 rainy season. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications and eight genotypes were obtained from INERA germplam bank. Data were collected on number of days to 50% field emergence, number of days from sowing to 50% flowering, number of leaves per plant, plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, number of one seed per pod, number of two seeds per pod, weight of seeds per plant seed length, seed width,100-seed weight and yield. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance, and means were separated through Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 95% confidence. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients between pair of characters were computed using SPSS 2.0. Results showed that significant and highly significant variations were observed among genotypes for almost all studied characters, except plant spread and number of one seed per pod.  Majority of the characters had positive correlations. Most of the negative correlation was observed between physiologic and agronomic traits. The result showed that genotypes KVS97-2 (33.75 days; 1578.12 kg.ha-1); KVS360 (34.75 days; 1181 kg.ha-1) and KVS235 (34.5 days; 1167.19 kg.ha-1) performed better than others genotypes in yield parameters and had shorter flowering cycle

Molecular characterization of the main fungi associated to Bambara groundnut foliar diseases in Burkina Faso

Objective: This study aims to update the database of fungi associated to Bambara groundnut foliar diseases in Burkina Faso using both molecular and morphological identification approaches.Methodology and Results: In this study, molecular approach based on the sequencing of ITS (Internal Transcripted Spacer) region of fungi and  morphological approach were used to identify the main fungi associated to Bambara groundnut foliar diseases. The study was performed with universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer ITS1/ITS4. BlastN comparisons between 19 fungal isolates contigs of the 16 major fungi were produced by their DNA sequences assembly and GenBank sequences yielded identity scores of 99 to 100 % with all of them. The degrees of similarity between these contigs and the loci sequences of classified fungi in GenBank indicate that our fungal isolates are the same species with those in Genbank, particularly the first of the list show after the blastN. It is the first report of molecular characterization of the main fungi infecting Bambara groundnut in Burkina Faso.Conclusion and Application of results: Nineteen fungi associated to  Bambara groundnut foliar diseases were identified and can be taken as targets in varietal improvement of Bambara groundnut for resistance to fungal diseases in Burkina Faso.Key words: Bambara groundnut, fungi, molecular characterization, PCR primer ITS1/ITS4, Burkina Faso