39 research outputs found
Huntingtin Aggregation Impairs Autophagy, Leading to Argonaute-2 Accumulation and Global MicroRNA Dysregulation
Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the presence of intracellular protein aggregates, resulting in alterations in autophagy. However, the consequences of impaired autophagy for neuronal function remain poorly understood. In this study, we used cell culture and mouse models of huntingtin protein aggregation as well as post-mortem material from patients with Huntingtonâs disease to demonstrate that Argonaute-2 (AGO2) accumulates in the presence of neuronal protein aggregates and that this is due to impaired autophagy. Accumulation of AGO2, a key factor of the RNA-induced silencing complex that executes microRNA functions, results in global alterations of microRNA levels and activity. Together, these results demonstrate that impaired autophagy found in neurodegenerative diseases not only influences protein aggregation but also directly contributes to global alterations of intracellular post-transcriptional networks
Varför kriminell? : En kvalitativ studie om unga mÀns vÀg in i kriminaliteten
I denna studie anvĂ€nds en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer med fem unga mĂ€n som har ett kriminellt förflutet. Syftet med studien Ă€r att ta reda pĂ„ vilka faktorer som kan ha pĂ„verkat dessa unga mĂ€n in i en kriminell livsstil. Studien syftar Ă€ven till att söka svar pĂ„ varför dessa unga mĂ€n vĂ€ljer att stanna kvar i det kriminella livet. Genom att analysera det empiriska materialet vi fĂ„tt in genom intervjuer med dessa unga mĂ€n tillsammans med teorier som NĂ€tverksteorin, teorin om âDifferential associationsâ samt Avvikelseteorin har vi kommit fram till flera aspekter kring vĂ„rt syfte. En av de stora faktorerna som vi har sett i denna studie som kan ha pĂ„verkat dessa unga mĂ€n att vĂ€lja ett kriminellt liv Ă€r en otrygg uppvĂ€xt. Missbruk och kriminalitet inom familjen Ă€r vanligt. De har Ă€ven umgĂ„tts med personer med samma problematik som de sjĂ€lva vilket har gett dem en bild av att kriminella handlingar Ă€r legitima. UmgĂ€nget Ă€r en av de faktorer som gjort att dessa unga mĂ€n har stannat kvar i livsstilen, dĂ„ gemenskapen och sammanhĂ„llningen har varit stark i dessa grupper. Ăven spĂ€nningen att utföra dessa handlingar Ă€r en anledning till varför de valde att stanna kvar. Dock finns det Ă€ven en baksida med detta levnadsĂ€tt, sĂ„ som trasiga relationer, ensamhet och missbruk, vilket i sin tur gjorde sĂ„ att de fem unga mĂ€nnen vi intervjuade till slut tog sig ur det kriminella beteendet. In this study, we have used a qualitative method by interviewing five young men with criminal pasts. The purpose of the study was to find out what factors could have attracted these young men into criminal lives. Moreover, the purpose of the study was also to search for answers about why these young men chose to remain active in their criminal lifestyles. By analyzing the empirical material we have gathered by doing interviews with these young men along with theories like Network-theories, the theory about âDifferential associationsâ as well as the Deviation-theory, we have reached a conclusion with several aspects about our purpose. One of the major factors that we have observed in this study that can have been influential in the young mens choice to step into criminality is an insecure childhood with addiction and criminality within the family and also by them keeping company with people with the same troubles as themselves seems to have given them an image of that criminal acts can be legitimate. Their company has also seemed to be one contributing factor as to why the young men have chosen to remain in the lifestyle, as community and unity have been strong within these groups. Other than that, the thrill and excitement caused by performing these actions is also a reason to why they chose to stay. However, there was also a downside with this kind of lifestyle such as broken relationships, loneliness and addiction which eventually caused these five young men that we interviewed to get out of their criminal behavior
"Det upplevda hotet mot nationen" : - En kvalitativ studie av radikal högerpopulism bland Sverigedemokraternas vÀljare
Sverigedemokraterna aÌr ett radikalt hoÌgerpopulistiskt parti som fortsaÌtter att oÌka sedan valet aÌr 2010. Vid en opinionsundersoÌkning i april 2012 skulle partiet faÌ 8 procent av medborgarnas roÌster. Syftet med vaÌr uppsats aÌr att foÌrstaÌ och foÌrklara vilka orsaker som ligger till grund foÌr att allt fler medborgare roÌstar paÌ Sverigedemokraterna. FoÌr att kunna besvara syftet med uppsatsen har vi valt att goÌra en kvalitativ studie genom att med semistrukturerade intervjuer undersoÌka upplevelser och attityder till dagens samhaÌllsfoÌraÌndringar bland Sverigedemokraternas vaÌljare och relatera deras upplevelser till tidigare forskning inom aÌmnet. FoÌr att besvara vaÌrt syfte blir fraÌgestaÌllningarna foÌljande: PaÌ vilket saÌtt kan SD som parti locka allt fler vaÌljare i dagens globaliserade Sverige? Vilka faktorer kan ligga till grund foÌr att vissa medborgare roÌstar paÌ SD? Samt vad tror de att SD kan bidra med och foÌraÌndra i det svenska samhaÌllet och mer specifikt foÌr deras egen situation? VaÌrt teoretiska ramverk aÌr globalisering, representationen âVi och Domâ, nation/nationalism och vaÌlfaÌrdschauvinism. Med dessa teorier kommer vi ur ett sociologiskt perspektiv foÌrklara vilka samhaÌllsprocesser som interagerar med vaÌljarnas vardagssituation och daÌrmed ligger till grund foÌr deras politiska beslut. Det slutgiltiga resultatet visar att radikal hoÌgerpopulistisk retorik aÌr genomgaÌende i samtliga intervjuer. Invandring och vaÌlfaÌrdsfraÌgor var det viktigaste faktorerna till varfoÌr intervjupersonerna roÌstade paÌ Sverigedemokraterna. The Sweden Democrats is a radical right wing party who continue to increase since the elections in 2010. At a poll in April 2012, the party would get 8 percent of the votes. The purpose of our paper is to understand and explain the reasons underlying that more and more citizens vote for the Sweden Democrats. To be able to respond to the purpose of the paper, we have chosen to make a qualitative study by using semi-structured interviews examine the experiences and attitudes of today's social changes among the Sweden Democrats ' voters and relate their experiences to the previous research on the subject. To answer our purpose becomes the following questions: In what way can the SD as an increasing number of voters in the party attract today's globalized Sweden? What factors can serve as the basis for that some citizens vote on SD? What do they think that SD can contribute and change in Swedish society and more specifically for their own situation? Our theoretical framework is globalization, representation "We and Them" nation/nationalism and welfare-chauvinism. With these theories we come from a sociological perspective to explain what social processes that interact with voters ' living situation and thus is the basis for their policy decisions. The final result shows that radical right wing rhetoric is consistently in all interviews. Immigration and welfare issues were the main factors why the respondents voted for the Sweden Democrats.
Vin pÄ restaurang - Vinlistans roll i restaurangarbetet
Restaurangbranschen Àr idag till stor del upplevelseinriktad. Hur mat och vin kombineras Àr avgörande för kundens upplevelse. I vÄr utbildning ingÄr kurser om vinkunskap, matkultur och markandsföring. I mötet mellan dessa Àmnen fick vi idén till vÄran uppsats.
Syftet med vÄr undersökning var att nÀrmare granska hur en vinlista byggs upp, underhÄlls och hur man arbetar med den i restaurangupplevelsen. Vi undersökte Àven vad som ansÄgs vara ett kvalitetsvin och vilka faktorer som pÄverkade restaurangers vinutbud. VÄrt urval baserade sig pÄ restauranger som erhÄllit minst fyra utav fem fyrar i Göteborgs-Postens helgbilaga TvÄ Dagar. Sammanlagt genomförde vi sju intervjuer med vinansvariga pÄ respektive företag. Urvalet blev brett och restaurangerna befann sig i olika utvecklingsfaser av sitt vinutbud.
I resultatet kunde vi utlÀsa tvÄ huvudstrategier: antingen satte man upp tydliga kriterier för vad som skulle förekomma pÄ vinlistan. Exempel pÄ dessa kriterier kunde vara region, druva, producent och alternativ odling. Den andra strategin byggde pÄ ett antagande att ett sÄ stort utbud som möjligt skall kunna tillfredstÀlla sÄ mÄnga som möjligt.
Det var den personliga upplevelsen hos den som drack vinet som avgjorde ifall ett vin kunde sÀgas vara av hög kvalitet eller ej, dock utpekas vinproducentens bakomliggande arbete och filosofi som viktiga för slutresultatet.
Samtliga restauranger i undersökningen nÀmnde kombinationen av mat och vin som den viktigaste faktorn i gÀstens upplevelse
Outdoor education : âEverything you can do indoor you can do outdoorâ
Utomhuspedagogik Ă€r ett förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt som syftar till att lĂ€rande sker i utemiljö. Det Ă€r ocksĂ„ ett vĂ€xelspel mellan sinneliga upplevelser och boklig bildning. Syftet med vĂ„r studie var att ta reda pĂ„ sex pedagogers uppfattningar om utomhuspedagogik och hur dessa tar sig uttryck i samband med barns lĂ€rande i förskolan. I studien anvĂ€nde vi oss av kvalitativa intervjuer och inslag av den fenomenografiska forskningsansatsen. I resultatet fann vi att pedagogerna hade varierande uppfattningar kring utomhuspedagogik och hur de sĂ„g pĂ„ Ă€mnet som ett verktyg för barns lĂ€rande. Alla pedagoger ansĂ„g att utomhuspedagogik Ă€r nĂ„got som sker utomhus och nĂ„gra berĂ€ttade Ă€ven om olika övningar som frĂ€mjar barnens lĂ€randeprocess. De flesta pedagoger var ocksĂ„ överrens om att klĂ€der och vĂ€der var ett hinder gĂ€llande barns lĂ€rande i utevistelse dĂ„ de fĂ„r en negativ upplevelse pĂ„ grund av att de fryser och blir blöta. Möjligheterna som pedagogerna sĂ„g med utomhuspedagogiken var mĂ„nga, de nĂ€mnde bland annat att fantasin frĂ€mjas, motoriken trĂ€nas och att barnen blir lugnare och piggare vilket frĂ€mjar lĂ€randeprocessen. De huvudkategorier som presenteras i resultatet Ă€r; att bedriva den pedagogiska verksamheten utomhus, arbetsmetoder, utomhuspedagogikens innehĂ„ll, klĂ€der efter vĂ€der och hĂ€lsa/livsstil. Vi anser att vĂ„r studie kommer bidra till att pedagoger och lĂ€rarstuderande fĂ„r inblick i vad utomhuspedagogik handlar om och hur barns lĂ€rande kan stimuleras i utemiljö.Outdoor education is an approach aimed that learning takes place in an outdoor environment. There is also an interaction between sensory experiences consistent and book learning. The aim of our study was to determine six educatorâs perceptions of outdoor education and how it takes expression in the context of children's learning in preschool. In this study we used qualitative interviews and elements of the phenomenographic theories. In the result, we found that the educators had varying perceptions of outdoor education and how they looked at the subject as a tool for children's learning. All educators considered that outdoor education is something that takes place outdoors, and some also talked about different exercises that promote children's learning process. Most educators also agreed that the clothes and the weather was an obstacle for childrenâs learning when the children spent time outdoors, where they may get a negative experience because they are cold and wet. The opportunities that the educators saw with the outdoor education were many; they mentioned in particular that the imagination is fostered, motor skills are trained and that the children become calmer and more alert which promotes the learning process. The main categories that we present in the result is; to conduct the educational activities outdoors, working methods, the content of outdoor education, clothing for the weather and health/lifestyle.We believe that our study will help educators and student teachers to gain insight into what outdoor education is about and how children's learning can be stimulated in the outdoor environment
KonkurrensrÀtt : Innebörden av artikel 82 EGF
The competition policy in the EU should guarantee that the competition is not distorted in the way that would prevent or create difficulties for the free mobility of goods and services between Member states. It is prohibited for companies to abuse their dominant position according to Article 82, if it affects trade. The essence of Article 82 is control of market power. The perfect competition results when supply and demand appoint the price and quantity of a product. Firms are encouraged to compete then it results in efficiency, quality products and lower prices. Dominance can be assessed only in relation to three essential variables: the product market, the geographical market and the temporal factor. The determination of the relevant product market is crucial. The general approach of the Commission and the Court to the definition of the product market has been to focus upon interchangeability, the extent to which the product is interchangeable with other products. From the demand side interchangeability requires investigation of cross-elasticities of the product. The existence of high cross-elasticities indicates that the products are part of the same market. There are different types of abuse, for example price discrimination, refusal to supply and predatory pricing. In Tetra Pak the ECJ held that the company that was a world leader in the manufacture of aseptic cartons for liquid and semi-liquid food had abused its dominant position on the market for aseptic cartons. Tetra Pak asserted that only their products could be used in production when using their machines. Their behaviour, according to ECJ, was abusive then they tried to tie-in consumers and customers. This way of behaviour could also be seen in the Hilti-case concerning nail guns. Tying occurs when the supplier makes the sale of one product (the tying product) conditional upon the purchase of another distinct product (the tied product) from the supplier or someone designated by the latter. Tying is common practice that often has no anticompetitive consequences. The foreclosure of the tied market may allow the dominant company to achieve larger profits in the tied market. We can see the importance of case-law, when the definition of Article 82 is broad. For example have the United Brands-case and Akzo-case determined the presumption for market share and dominant position. The case-law will grow larger through the years and we think it will be clearer for companies what is allowed and forbidden. The problem today is that the competition law is rather indistinct
Motorik - En kartlÀggning över elevers motoriska fÀrdigheter i skolÄr tre. Termin, Är: Vt. 2012
Sammanfattning: Syftet var att kartlÀgga elevers motoriska fÀrdigheter. Vi valde att genomföra kartlÀggningen i
skolÄr tre eftersom vi som blivande idrottslÀrare kommer att arbeta inom den mÄlgruppen. Ett annat syfte var att
undersöka hur eleverna sjÀlva upplevde svÄrighetsgarden pÄ motorikövningarna. Ytterligare ett syfte med
kartlÀggningens var att se om det fanns eventuella skillnader respektive likheter mellan pojkar och flickor. Vi
valde att i vÄr kartlÀggning anvÀnda oss av observation och enkÀt som metodval.
KartlÀggningen genomfördes i skolÄr tre, fyra klasser deltog, sammanlagt 65 elever. Enligt observationens
resultat hade övervÀgande del av flickorna en vÀl utvecklad motorisk fÀrdighet i de fem grovmotoriska
övningarna. I kontrast till flickornas resultat av observationen hade majoriteten av pojkarna smÄ brister i de
grovmotoriska övningarna. Till skillnad frÄn observationen visade enkÀtundersökningen att majoriteten av bÄde
flickor och pojkar upplevde samtliga övningar som mycket lÀtta. Av observationsresultatet att tyda fanns det en
viss motorisk skillnad mellan pojkarna och flickorna i vÄr kartlÀggning. DÀremot fanns det stora likheter mellan
pojkarna och flickornas svar i enkÀtundersökningen.
Slutsatsen var att eleverna i kartlÀggningen behöver öva mer pÄ de motoriska fÀrdigheter som krÀvs för att uppnÄ
en allsidig rörelserepertoar. Vi förmodar att kartlÀggningen kommer att ha en betydande funktion för vÄr
framtida yrkesroll som blivande idrottslÀrare.
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The association between water intake and future cardiometabolic disease outcomes in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cardiovascular cohort.
The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between reported baseline water intake and incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort (n = 25,369). Using cox proportional hazards models, we separately modelled the effect of plain and total (all water, including from food) water on CAD and type 2 diabetes risk, whilst adjusting for age, sex, diet collection method, season, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, education level, energy intake, energy misreporting, body mass index, hypertension, lipid lowering medication, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and dietary variables. Sensitivity analyses were run to assess validity. After adjustment, no association was found between tertiles of plain or total water intake and type 2 diabetes risk. For CAD, no association was found comparing moderate to low intake tertiles from plain or total water, however, risk of CAD increased by 12% (95% CI 1.03, 1.21) when comparing high to low intake tertiles of plain water, and by 17% (95% CI 1.07, 1.27) for high versus low tertiles of total water. Sensitivity analyses were largely in agreement. Overall, baseline water intake was not associated with future type 2 diabetes risk, whilst CAD risk was higher with higher water intakes. Our findings are discordant with prevailing literature suggesting higher water intakes should reduce cardiometabolic risk. These findings may be an artefact of limitations within the study, but future research is needed to understand if there is a causal underpinning