Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, pertactin, pertussis toxin S1 subunit polymorphisms, and surfaceome analysis of vaccine and clinical Bordetella pertussis strains

To add new insight to our previous work on the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis in Argentina, the prn and ptxS1 gene sequences and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of 57 clinical isolates obtained during two periods, 1969 to 1989 and 1997 to 2006, were analyzed. Non-vaccine-type ptxS1A was detected in isolates obtained since 1969. From 1989 on, a shift of predominance from the vaccine prn1 type to the nonvaccine prn2 type was observed. This was also reflected in a transition of PFGE group IV to group VI. These results show that nonvaccine B. pertussis strains are currently circulating. To analyze whether the observed genomic divergences between vaccine strains and clinical isolates have functional implications, protection assays using the intranasal mouse challenge model were performed. For such experiments, the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 was selected as representative of circulating bacteria, since it came from the major group of the PFGE dendrogram (PFGE group VI). Groups of mice were immunized either with diphtheria-tetanus- whole-cell pertussis vaccine (ptxS1B prn1) or a vaccine prepared by us containing B. pertussis 106. Immunized mice were then challenged with a B. pertussis vaccine strain (Tohama, harboring ptxS1B and prn1) or the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 (ptxS1A prn2). An adequate bacterial-elimination rate was observed only when mice were immunized and challenged with the same kind of strain. For further characterization, comparative proteomic profiling of enriched membrane proteins was done using three vaccine strains and the selected B. pertussis 106 clinical isolate. By matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 54 proteins were identified. This methodology allowed us to detect differing proteins among the four strains studied and, in particular, to distinguish the three vaccine strains from each other, as well as the vaccine strains from the clinical isolate. The differing proteins observed have cellular roles associated with amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Some of them have been proposed as novel vaccine candidate proteins for other pathogens. Overall, the global strategy described here is presented as a good tool for the development of next-generation acellular vaccines.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, pertactin, pertussis toxin S1 subunit polymorphisms, and surfaceome analysis of vaccine and clinical Bordetella pertussis strains

To add new insight to our previous work on the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis in Argentina, the prn and ptxS1 gene sequences and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of 57 clinical isolates obtained during two periods, 1969 to 1989 and 1997 to 2006, were analyzed. Non-vaccine-type ptxS1A was detected in isolates obtained since 1969. From 1989 on, a shift of predominance from the vaccine prn1 type to the nonvaccine prn2 type was observed. This was also reflected in a transition of PFGE group IV to group VI. These results show that nonvaccine B. pertussis strains are currently circulating. To analyze whether the observed genomic divergences between vaccine strains and clinical isolates have functional implications, protection assays using the intranasal mouse challenge model were performed. For such experiments, the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 was selected as representative of circulating bacteria, since it came from the major group of the PFGE dendrogram (PFGE group VI). Groups of mice were immunized either with diphtheria-tetanus- whole-cell pertussis vaccine (ptxS1B prn1) or a vaccine prepared by us containing B. pertussis 106. Immunized mice were then challenged with a B. pertussis vaccine strain (Tohama, harboring ptxS1B and prn1) or the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 (ptxS1A prn2). An adequate bacterial-elimination rate was observed only when mice were immunized and challenged with the same kind of strain. For further characterization, comparative proteomic profiling of enriched membrane proteins was done using three vaccine strains and the selected B. pertussis 106 clinical isolate. By matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 54 proteins were identified. This methodology allowed us to detect differing proteins among the four strains studied and, in particular, to distinguish the three vaccine strains from each other, as well as the vaccine strains from the clinical isolate. The differing proteins observed have cellular roles associated with amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Some of them have been proposed as novel vaccine candidate proteins for other pathogens. Overall, the global strategy described here is presented as a good tool for the development of next-generation acellular vaccines.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

Las Hojas de Trabajo en la Dirección del Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje en la formación del Profesor General Integral de Secundaria Básica (PGI de S/B)

En el presente artículo el hilo conductor lo constituye el objeto de estudio de la Pedagogía como núcleo de las ciencias de la educación. Los profesores de la facultad de formación de PGI de S/B han presentado dificultades en la dirección del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, demostrado en los insuficientes niveles de aprendizaje alcanzados por los profesores en formación debido a deficiencias en las tareas docentes integradoras, la interdisciplinariedad, la atención a las diferencias individuales, así como la aplicación de métodos, vías y formas para la optimización de la enseñanza aprendizaje, proponiéndonos, la fundamentación psicopedagógica para la confección y uso de las hojas de trabajo a utilizar en dicho proceso

La tarea de aprendizaje. Consideraciones teóricas para la planificación de la clase con un enfoque de aprendizaje estratégico

En este artículo se aborda la tarea de aprendizaje considerada como la unidad de menor nivel de organización en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que condiciona en su estructuración sistémica, las acciones de aprendizaje, para la adquisición del contenido por los estudiantes, mediante el desarrollo de la reflexión y la regulación metacognitiva cuando planifican consciente o parcialmente consciente diferentes tipos de estrategias de aprendizaje en la realización de la misma, en función de solucionar los problemas profesionales pedagógicos que se presentan en las disciplinas que reciben y en su práctica investigativo-laboral durante la dirección del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

The learning technique. Theoretical considerations for planning lessons wit h a strategic learning approach

This article presents the learning task considered as the unit of smaller organization level in the teaching-learning process that conditions in its systemic structuring, the learning actions, for the students acquisition of the content, by means of the development of the reflection and the metacognitiv e regulation when they conscious ly or partially plan different types of learning strategies in the ir realization, with the objective to solv e the pedagogic professional problems that are p resented in the disciplines they receive and in its research task during the direction o f the teaching-learning process

Worksheets in the Directorate of Teaching Learning Process in the formation of Integral General Teacher Secondary School

This article approaches the object of study of the Pedagogy as the nucleus of educational sciences (man’s education with a certain social objective in the context of the pedagogic process for the harmonic and multilateral formation of personality), in fact the formation of the student ́s personality is present in the pedagogic processes, specifically in the teaching learning process which constitutes the object of study of Didactics

La planificación de la clase, un problema profesional a resolver en la formación inicial

Esta investigación aborda elementos relacionados con la planificación de la clase como problema profesional en la formación inicial con la utilización de la tecnociencia destacándose como elemento dinamizador de ellas el Profesor General Integral que incide desde la escuela como centro de las influencias educativas en la Familia y la Comunidad, para la obtención de un producto social de calidad ; el estudiante capaz de enfrentarse a la enseñanza media superior con contenidos educativos válidos para la sociedad socialista en que vivimos, con el objetivo de Establecer las dificultades en la preparación científico metodológico existentes en la preparación inicial que reciben intensivamente por los PGI de S/B y su repercusión negativa en la sociedad. El PGI de S/B utiliza la tecnología educativa para llevar a cabo el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje dentro del contexto pedagógico, empleando como vía fundamental la video clase y la tele clase como forma de organizar dicho proceso (enseñanza aprendizaje) en la enseñanza secundaria básica actualmente , se hace necesario reflexionar acerca de el modo de empleo como forma de organizar el proceso o un medio de enseñanza para producir conocimiento en ese proceso , como agente de cambio educativo que articule la familia como parte integrante del mismo y su preparación en toda la comunidad a partir del Sistema de Influencias Educativas que se lleva a cabo desde la escuela centro cultural importante para la sociedad

Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Pertactin, Pertussis Toxin S1 Subunit Polymorphisms, and Surfaceome Analysis of Vaccine and Clinical Bordetella pertussis Strains▿

To add new insight to our previous work on the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis in Argentina, the prn and ptxS1 gene sequences and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of 57 clinical isolates obtained during two periods, 1969 to 1989 and 1997 to 2006, were analyzed. Non-vaccine-type ptxS1A was detected in isolates obtained since 1969. From 1989 on, a shift of predominance from the vaccine prn1 type to the nonvaccine prn2 type was observed. This was also reflected in a transition of PFGE group IV to group VI. These results show that nonvaccine B. pertussis strains are currently circulating. To analyze whether the observed genomic divergences between vaccine strains and clinical isolates have functional implications, protection assays using the intranasal mouse challenge model were performed. For such experiments, the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 was selected as representative of circulating bacteria, since it came from the major group of the PFGE dendrogram (PFGE group VI). Groups of mice were immunized either with diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccine (ptxS1B prn1) or a vaccine prepared by us containing B. pertussis 106. Immunized mice were then challenged with a B. pertussis vaccine strain (Tohama, harboring ptxS1B and prn1) or the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 (ptxS1A prn2). An adequate bacterial-elimination rate was observed only when mice were immunized and challenged with the same kind of strain. For further characterization, comparative proteomic profiling of enriched membrane proteins was done using three vaccine strains and the selected B. pertussis 106 clinical isolate. By matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 54 proteins were identified. This methodology allowed us to detect differing proteins among the four strains studied and, in particular, to distinguish the three vaccine strains from each other, as well as the vaccine strains from the clinical isolate. The differing proteins observed have cellular roles associated with amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Some of them have been proposed as novel vaccine candidate proteins for other pathogens. Overall, the global strategy described here is presented as a good tool for the development of next-generation acellular vaccines

IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE SISTEMA DE COMANDO DE INCIDENTES PARA ENFRENTAR PANDEMIA SARS-COV-2 EN CLÍNICA LAS CONDES, CHILE

Resumen: La pandemia en Chile generó un desafío de modernización y gestión de los Cuidados Intensivos, haciendo necesario que las unidades de pacientes críticos realizaran un aumento de su capacidad hospitalaria, lo que requiere preparar una infraestructura, un equipamiento mínimo, protocolos y un equipo humano preparado y alineado, para garantizar la seguridad y calidad de atención a los pacientes. Una forma de lograrlo es la incorporación de la estrategia militar de Sistema de Comando de Incidentes, utilizado para enfrentar distintos tipos de desastres, con una estructura modular de comando y sus seccionales de trabajo, con diferentes equipos y líderes para hacer frentes a los variados desafíos. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la instauración del sistema de comando de incidentes en un hospital privado, detallando su conformación y los resultados logrados. Summary: The pandemic in Chile has been a real challenge in terms of modernization and management of intensive care. Critical care units have been forced to increase their hospital capacity in terms of infrastructure, equipment, protocols and human team, while guaranteeing safety and high-quality patient care.One approach to achieve this objective is to develop the army strategy called incident command system that has been used to face different types of disaster. A modular command structure is developed based on the creation of teams each lead by an expert in different areas in order to cope with a variety of upcoming challenges.The objective of this article is to describe the setting up of a successful incident command system in a private hospital, detailing its formation and results obtained