104 research outputs found
Wprowadzanie unbundlingu własnościowego w sektorze energetycznym w drodze wydawanych przez Komisję Europejską decyzji zobowiązujących – próba oceny
Publikacja prezentuje wydane przez Komisję Europejską decyzje zobowiązujące, dotyczące sektora energetycznego. Przedmiotem analiz są te decyzje, na podstawie których przedsiębiorcy zobowiązali się do przeprowadzenia tzw. unbundlingu własnościowego, tj. do zbycia części należących do nich aktywów. Artykuł omawia trzy decyzje, które dotyczą odpowiednio E.ON., RWE i ENI oraz podejmuje próbę dokonania oceny działań KE podjętych w każdej ze spraw. W dalszej części autor podsumowuje praktykę Komisji Europejskiej i sądów europejskich
Estimation of the coal fired heat plant energy efficiency increase after heat recovery from flue gas cooling down below the dew point
The paper shows a method of the assessment of the energy efficiency of a modernised steam boiler house in which the thermal energy is recovered due to cooling of the flue gas below dew point. In addition to the energy recovery the modernisation also consists of a wet flue gas treatment that ensures a reduction in emissions of particulates and acidic gas. The publication presents the correct and simple indicator for the assessment of improvement of energy efficiency. Additionally some recommendations based on the example of settlement of savings made in hard coal heating plant, equipped with three steam boilers, fire-tube type, with a capacity of 3x3.0 t/h, operating with quasi-constant output during the year are shown
High normal blood pressure - clinical fact or myth?
W ostatniej dekadzie dyskutuje się nad klinicznym
znaczeniem wysokich prawidłowych wartości ciśnienia
tętniczego. Szacuje się, że rozpowszechnienie
ciśnienia wysokiego prawidłowego może wynosić
około 30% i wiąże się z większym niż ciśnienie
optymalne ryzykiem sercowo-naczyniowym. Częściej
również towarzyszą mu inne czynniki ryzyka
rozwoju chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego,
w tym cechy typowe dla zespołu metabolicznego.
Według obecnych zaleceń ESH-ESC wysokie prawidłowe
ciśnienie tętnicze wymaga postępowania
niefarmakologicznego, o ile nie współistnieje z chorobami
nerek lub układu sercowo-naczyniowego.
Obecnie brakuje przekonujących danych o konieczności
terapii farmakologicznej osób z ciśnieniem
wysokim prawidłowym obciążonych niskim ryzykiem
sercowo-naczyniowym.During last decade, an increased interest in the clinical
significance of high normal blood pressure has arisen. Its
prevalence is estimated at around 30% and is associated
with increased cardiovascular risk. Other cardiovascular
risk factors, including metabolic syndrome, are also related
to high normal blood pressure values. According to ESH/
/ESC guidelines, lifestyle modifications alone should be
implemented in patients with high normal blood pressure,
unless it coexists with renal or cardiovascular diseases. Current
data regarding the necessity of pharmacotherapy in
patients with high normal blood pressure and low cardiovascular
risk are unconvincing
Multiple embolic events and ruption of the central venous catheter in a patient with atrial fibrillation
Single Spin Asymmetry in Polarized Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at GeV
We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin
asymmetry at the center of mass energy GeV in elastic
proton-proton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The was measured
in the four-momentum transfer squared range \GeVcSq, the region of a significant interference between the
electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of
and its -dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip
amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single
spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated
by the Pomeron amplitude at this , we conclude that this measurement
addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the
Pomeron exchange in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Measurements of and Production in + Collisions at = 200 GeV
We report measurements of charmed-hadron (, ) production cross
sections at mid-rapidity in + collisions at a center-of-mass energy of
200 GeV by the STAR experiment. Charmed hadrons were reconstructed via the
hadronic decays , and their charge conjugates,
covering the range of 0.62.0 GeV/ and 2.06.0 GeV/ for
and , respectively. From this analysis, the charm-pair production cross
section at mid-rapidity is = 170 45
(stat.) (sys.) b. The extracted charm-pair cross section is
compared to perturbative QCD calculations. The transverse momentum differential
cross section is found to be consistent with the upper bound of a Fixed-Order
Next-to-Leading Logarithm calculation.Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures. Revised version submitted to Phys. Rev.
Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at = 7.7 - 39 GeV
A systematic study is presented for centrality, transverse momentum ()
and pseudorapidity () dependence of the inclusive charged hadron elliptic
flow () at midrapidity() in Au+Au collisions at
= 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27 and 39 GeV. The results obtained with
different methods, including correlations with the event plane reconstructed in
a region separated by a large pseudorapidity gap and 4-particle cumulants
(), are presented in order to investigate non-flow correlations and
fluctuations. We observe that the difference between and
is smaller at the lower collision energies. Values of , scaled by
the initial coordinate space eccentricity, , as a function
of are larger in more central collisions, suggesting stronger collective
flow develops in more central collisions, similar to the results at higher
collision energies. These results are compared to measurements at higher
energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( = 62.4 and 200
GeV) and at the Large Hadron Collider (Pb + Pb collisions at =
2.76 TeV). The values for fixed rise with increasing collision
energy within the range studied (). A comparison to
viscous hydrodynamic simulations is made to potentially help understand the
energy dependence of . We also compare the results to UrQMD
and AMPT transport model calculations, and physics implications on the
dominance of partonic versus hadronic phases in the system created at Beam
Energy Scan (BES) energies are discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures. Version accepted by PR
Longitudinal and transverse spin asymmetries for inclusive jet production at mid-rapidity in polarized p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV
We report STAR measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry ALL, the transverse single-spin asymmetry AN, and the transverse double-spin asymmetries AΣ and ATT for inclusive jet production at mid-rapidity in polarized p+p collisions at a center- of-mass energy of √s=200 GeV. The data represent integrated luminosities of 7.6 pb-1 with longitudinal polarization and 1.8 pb- 1 with transverse polarization, with 50%–55% beam polarization, and were recorded in 2005 and 2006. No evidence is found for the existence of statistically significant jet AN, AΣ, or ATT at mid- rapidity. Recent model calculations indicate the AN results may provide new limits on the gluon Sivers distribution in the proton. The asymmetry ALL significantly improves the knowledge of gluon polarization in the nucleon
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