Growth And Characterization Of Gaalas/gaas And Gainas/inp Structures: The Effect Of A Pulse Metalorganic Flow

GaAlAs/GaAs and GaInAs/InP thick layers, single and multiple quantum wells were grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Auger electron spectroscopy, wedge transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, low-temperature photoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the crystal quality. These analysis techniques show that layers grown using high vapor pressure metalorganic sources present fluctuations in the ternary alloy composition. We propose that these fluctuations are due to the pulse character of the high vapor pressure metalorganic flow. Bubbling experiments were performed to show the relationship between ternary layer composition fluctuation and the pulse character of the metalorganic flow. High vapor pressure metalorganic source like trimethylgallium presents tens of Angströms growth rate per pulse or bubble whereas a low vapor pressure source like triethylgallium presents few Angströms growth rate per bubble.71117918

Anti-CD45RC antibody immunotherapy prevents and treats experimental autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- ectodermal dystrophy syndrome

Targeted monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies show great promise for the treatment of transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases by inducing more specific immunomodulatory effects than broadly immunosuppressive drugs routinely used. We recently described the therapeutic advantage of targeting CD45RC, expressed at high levels by conventional T (Tconv) cells (CD45RC(hi)), their precursors, and terminally differentiated T (TEMRA) cells, but not by regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD45RC(lo/-)). We demonstrated efficacy of anti-CD45RC mAb treatment in transplantation, but its potential has not been examined in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare genetic syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations of autoimmune regulator (AIRE), a key central tolerance mediator, leading to abnormal autoreactive T cell responses and autoantibody production. Herein, we show that, in a rat model of APECED syndrome, anti-CD45RC mAb was effective for both prevention and treatment of autoimmune manifestations and inhibited autoantibody development. Anti-CD45RC mAb intervention depleted CD45RC(hi) T cells, inhibited CD45RC(hi) B cells, and restored the Treg/Tconv cell ratio and the altered Treg transcriptomic profile. In APECED patients, CD45RC was significantly increased in peripheral blood T cells, and lesioned organs from APECED patients were infiltrated by CD45RC(hi) cells. Our observations highlight the potential role for CD45RC(hi) cells in the pathogenesis of experimental and human APECED syndrome and the potential of anti-CD45RC antibody treatment.Peer reviewe

Temporal changes in the epidemiology, management, and outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome in European intensive care units: a comparison of two large cohorts

Background: Mortality rates for patients with ARDS remain high. We assessed temporal changes in the epidemiology and management of ARDS patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in European ICUs. We also investigated the association between ventilatory settings and outcome in these patients. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of two cohorts of adult ICU patients admitted between May 1–15, 2002 (SOAP study, n = 3147), and May 8–18, 2012 (ICON audit, n = 4601 admitted to ICUs in the same 24 countries as the SOAP study). ARDS was defined retrospectively using the Berlin definitions. Values of tidal volume, PEEP, plateau pressure, and FiO2 corresponding to the most abnormal value of arterial PO2 were recorded prospectively every 24 h. In both studies, patients were followed for outcome until death, hospital discharge or for 60 days. Results: The frequency of ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay was similar in SOAP and ICON (327[10.4%] vs. 494[10.7%], p = 0.793). The diagnosis of ARDS was established at a median of 3 (IQ: 1–7) days after admission in SOAP and 2 (1–6) days in ICON. Within 24 h of diagnosis, ARDS was mild in 244 (29.7%), moderate in 388 (47.3%), and severe in 189 (23.0%) patients. In patients with ARDS, tidal volumes were lower in the later (ICON) than in the earlier (SOAP) cohort. Plateau and driving pressures were also lower in ICON than in SOAP. ICU (134[41.1%] vs 179[36.9%]) and hospital (151[46.2%] vs 212[44.4%]) mortality rates in patients with ARDS were similar in SOAP and ICON. High plateau pressure (> 29 cmH2O) and driving pressure (> 14 cmH2O) on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume (> 8 ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) were independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death. Conclusion: The frequency of and outcome from ARDS remained relatively stable between 2002 and 2012. Plateau pressure > 29 cmH2O and driving pressure > 14 cmH2O on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume > 8 ml/kg PBW were independently associated with a higher risk of death. These data highlight the continued burden of ARDS and provide hypothesis-generating data for the design of future studies

Homogenization of the susceptibility kernel for bianisotropic media

LGEP 2010 ID = 64

Growth and Characterization of Gaalas Gaas and Gainas Inp Structures - the Effect of a Pulse Metalorganic Flow

GaAlAs/GaAs and GaInAs/InP thick layers, single and multiple quantum wells were grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Auger electron spectroscopy, wedge transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, low-temperature photoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the crystal quality. These analysis techniques show that layers grown using high vapor pressure metalorganic sources present fluctuations in the ternary alloy composition. We propose that these fluctuations are due to the pulse character of the high vapor pressure metalorganic flow. Bubbling experiments were performed to show the relationship between ternary layer composition fluctuation and the pulse character of the metalorganic flow. High vapor pressure metalorganic source like trimethylgallium presents tens of Angstroms growth rate per pulse or bubble whereas a low vapor pressure source like triethylgallium presents few Angstroms growth rate per bubble