Pinworms of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) in Colombia. Gathering the pieces of the pinworm-primate puzzle

Pinworms of primates are believed to be highly host specific parasites, forming co-evolutionary associations with their hosts. In order to assess the strength and reach of such evolutionary links, we need to have a broad understanding of the pinworm diversity associated with primates. Here, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach to assess pinworm diversity in red howler monkeys in Colombia. Molecular and morphological evidence validate the presence of at least four different species of Trypanoxyuris occurring in red howler monkeys: T. minutus, a widely distributed species, and three new species, T. seunimiii n. sp., T. kemuimae n. sp. and T. kotudoi n. sp. The mitochondrial COI gene and the 28S ribosomal gene were used for phylogenetic assessments through Bayesian inference. The three new species were morphologically distinct and formed reciprocally monophyletic lineages. Further molecular lineage subdivision in T. minutus and T. kotudoi n. sp. without morphological correspondence, suggests the potential scenario for the existence of cryptic species. Phylogenetic relationships imply that the different species of Trypanoxyuris occurring in each howler monkey species were acquired through independent colonization events. On-going efforts to uncover pinworm diversity will allow us to test the degree of host specificity and the co-phylogenetic hypothesis, as well as to further unravel the primate-pinworm evolutionary history puzzle

Centrolene savagei

Number of Pages: 11Geological SciencesIntegrative Biolog

Dise?o e implementaci?n del mundo caim?n del videojuego jaguares, que da a conocer la morfolog?a, uso y significado de la cer?mica de los ancestros del Tolima.

98 p. Recurso Electr?nicoDurante d?cadas, el Museo Antropol?gico de la Universidad del Tolima y el grupo GRAPA (Grupo de Investigaci?n en Arqueolog?a y Patrimonio Regional) han realizado investigaciones arqueol?gicas a lo largo del territorio tolimense, logrando hallazgos f?siles de animales y vegetales, adem?s de elementos cer?micos que datan desde 10.000 a.C. hasta la conquista y colonia espa?ola. Sin embargo, las nuevas generaciones se muestran indiferentes ante los conocimientos obtenidos. Este proyecto busca crear un videojuego para ense?ar de manera novedosa, a ni?os con edades entre ocho a catorce a?os sobre las cer?micas tolimenses. Se implementa sobre Unity v5.5.1f1, aplicando la metodolog?a de desarrollo ?gil SUM que se adapta para la creaci?n de videojuegos utilizando roles de SCRUM, e incorpora seis fases consecutivas que son: concepto, planificaci?n, elaboraci?n, beta, cierre y gesti?n de riesgos que se realiza de manera continua durante la ejecuci?n del desarrollo. Durante la fase de concepto se realiza una investigaci?n amplia sobre la cer?mica tolimense, que posteriormente sirve como insumo para crear una propuesta detallada y s?lida en la etapa de planificaci?n. En la fase de elaboraci?n se aplica la metodolog?a de Arquitectura Dirigida por Modelos (MDA) orientada a la elaboraci?n de videojuegos. Esta fase se realiza de manera iterativa y en conjunto con las pruebas Beta que permiten evaluar el cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados a medida que se avanza en el desarrollo. Por ?ltimo en la fase de cierre se generan los productos finales y se eval?an las lecciones aprendidas. Palabras claves: Unity, Videojuego 2D, Videojuego Educativo, Metodolog?a SUM, Museo Antropol?gico, Cer?mica tolimense.For decades, the Anthropological Museum of the University of Tolima and the group GRAPA (Research Group in Archeology and Regional Heritage) have carried out archaeological research throughout the territory of Tolima, finding fossil of animals and plants, as well as ceramic elements dating back to from 10,000 BC until the Spanish conquest and colony. However, the new generations are indifferent to the knowledge obtained. This project seeks to create a video game to teach in a novel way, to children aged between eight and fourteen years old, about the ceramics of Tolima. It is implemented on Unity v5.5.1f1, applying the agile development methodology SUM that is adapted for the creation of video games using SCRUM roles, and incorporates six consecutive phases that are: concept, planning, preparation, beta, closure and risk management that is done continuously during the execution of the development. During the concept phase, a comprehensive investigation is carried out on ceramic of Tolima, which later serves as an input to create a detailed and solid proposal in the planning stage. In the elaboration phase, the methodology of Model-Directed Architecture (MDA), oriented to the elaboration of videogames is applied. This phase is carried out iteratively and in conjunction with Beta tests that allow evaluating compliance with the objectives set as progress is made in development. Finally, in the closing phase, the final products are generated and the lessons learned are evaluated. Keywords: Unity, 2D Videogame, Educational Videogame, SUM Methodology, Anthropological Museum, Tolima?s Ceramics

Quindio´s earthquake 25 january 1999, morphotectonic and seismological evaluation

  Investigaciones orientadas al entendimiento del comportamiento del sismo del 25 de enero de 1999 y la secuencia de réplicas, a partir de criterios morfotectónicos (índices geomórficos) y sismológicos (análisis espaciotemporal y espectral, cálculo de longitudes de ruptura, mecanismos focales y tensor de esfuerzos), sugieren que el área epicentral del sismo presenta un régimen estructural extensional en los primeros 10 km de profundidad y compresivo entre los 10 y 25 km de profundidad, y que configura una geometría tipo flor negativa. Esta geometría se interpreta como el producto de la tracción lateral de la Falla Ibagué sobre el Sistema de Fallas Romeral, que origina una cuenca de tracción la cual ha sido colmatada por los depósitos del Glacis del Quindío durante los últimos 5 millones de años.  In order to understand the behaviour of the Quindio´s Earthquake 25 January 1999 and its sequence of replicas a morphootectonic (geomorphologic indicators) and seismologic analysis (space-temporal and spectral analysis, ruptura length, focal mechanism solutions and stress tensor) was undertaken. The result suggest that the epicentre area presents an extensional regime down to 10 km depth and compressive between 10 and 25 km depth, forming a negative flower structure. This geometry is interpreted as the result of the lateral traction of the Ibagué Fault over the Romeral Fault System, giving origin to a pull-apart basin in filled by the Glacis del Quindío deposits over the last 5 million years

Quindio´s earthquake 25 january 1999, morphotectonic and seismological evaluation

  Investigaciones orientadas al entendimiento del comportamiento del sismo del 25 de enero de 1999 y la secuencia de réplicas, a partir de criterios morfotectónicos (índices geomórficos) y sismológicos (análisis espaciotemporal y espectral, cálculo de longitudes de ruptura, mecanismos focales y tensor de esfuerzos), sugieren que el área epicentral del sismo presenta un régimen estructural extensional en los primeros 10 km de profundidad y compresivo entre los 10 y 25 km de profundidad, y que configura una geometría tipo flor negativa. Esta geometría se interpreta como el producto de la tracción lateral de la Falla Ibagué sobre el Sistema de Fallas Romeral, que origina una cuenca de tracción la cual ha sido colmatada por los depósitos del Glacis del Quindío durante los últimos 5 millones de años.  In order to understand the behaviour of the Quindio´s Earthquake 25 January 1999 and its sequence of replicas a morphootectonic (geomorphologic indicators) and seismologic analysis (space-temporal and spectral analysis, ruptura length, focal mechanism solutions and stress tensor) was undertaken. The result suggest that the epicentre area presents an extensional regime down to 10 km depth and compressive between 10 and 25 km depth, forming a negative flower structure. This geometry is interpreted as the result of the lateral traction of the Ibagué Fault over the Romeral Fault System, giving origin to a pull-apart basin in filled by the Glacis del Quindío deposits over the last 5 million years

Serum levels and removal by haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan-derived uremic toxins in ESKD patients

Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that originates uremic toxins that contribute to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient outcomes. We evaluated serum levels and removal during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole acetic acid (IAA), in ESKD patients in different dialysis treatment settings. This prospective multicentre study in four European dialysis centres enrolled 78 patients with ESKD. Blood and spent dialysate samples obtained during dialysis were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography to assess uremic solutes, their reduction ratio (RR) and total removed solute (TRS). Mean free serum tryptophan and IS concentrations increased, and concentration of IAA decreased over pre-dialysis levels (67%, 49%, -0.8%, respectively) during the first hour of dialysis. While mean serum total urea, IS and IAA concentrations decreased during dialysis (-72%, -39%, -43%, respectively), serum tryptophan levels increased, resulting in negative RR (-8%) towards the end of the dialysis session (p < 0.001), despite remarkable Trp losses in dialysate. RR and TRS values based on serum (total, free) and dialysate solute concentrations were lower for conventional low-flux dialysis (p < 0.001). High-efficiency haemodiafiltration resulted in 80% higher Trp losses than conventional low-flux dialysis, despite similar neutral Trp RR values. In conclusion, serum Trp concentrations and RR behave differently from uremic solutes IS, IAA and urea and Trp RR did not reflect dialysis Trp losses. Conventional low-flux dialysis may not adequately clear Trp-related uremic toxins while high efficiency haemodiafiltration increased Trp losses