Applications of Intuitionistic Logic in Answer Set Programming

We present some applications of intermediate logics in the field of Answer Set Programming (ASP). A brief, but comprehensive introduction to the answer set semantics, intuitionistic and other intermediate logics is given. Some equivalence notions and their applications are discussed. Some results on intermediate logics are shown, and applied later to prove properties of answer sets. A characterization of answer sets for logic programs with nested expressions is provided in terms of intuitionistic provability, generalizing a recent result given by Pearce. It is known that the answer set semantics for logic programs with nested expressions may select non-minimal models. Minimal models can be very important in some applications, therefore we studied them; in particular we obtain a characterization, in terms of intuitionistic logic, of answer sets which are also minimal models. We show that the logic G3 characterizes the notion of strong equivalence between programs under the semantic induced by these models. Finally we discuss possible applications and consequences of our results. They clearly state interesting links between ASP and intermediate logics, which might bring research in these two areas together.Comment: 30 pages, Under consideration for publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programmin

Metabolomic characterization of strawberry cultivars during postharvest

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is the berry most consumed worldwide and is well-known for its delicate flavour and nutritional characteristics. However, strawberries possess a very short postharvest shelf-life due to their high respiration rate and their susceptibility to water loss, mechanical damage and fungi deterioration. Extension of fruit shelf-life is a major economic goal, and measures are commercially taken to delay senescence. These procedures include low temperature, controlled atmosphere and/or chemical treatments, being the first one the most commonly applied. To improve our understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the deterioration of fruit quality attributes during senescence, we monitored the metabolomic profiles of five commercial strawberry cultivars under different postharvest treatments. Ripe fruits of F x ananassa cv. ‘Amiga’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Candonga’, ‘Fortuna’ and ‘Santa Clara’ were harvested and kept at 4ºC during three, six and ten days in normal, CO2-enriched and O3-enriched atmospheres. We used a combination of GC-TOF-MS, LC-MS and GC-SPME-MS to identify and semi-quantify 49 primary metabolites (sugars, amino and organic acids), 132 polar secondary metabolites and 70 volatile compounds in all different treatments along postharvest stages. Multivariate statistical approaches, including hierarchical cluster analysis, partial least squares discriminant analyses and k-means clustering, were used to characterize the variation in metabolite content during the strawberry fruit postharvest life and to identify the biochemical pathways which are most affected in the senescence processes. Here, we present the main changes in volatile compounds, primary and secondary metabolites as a consequence of postharvest storage, highlighting the differences between cultivars and treatments. Network-based methods will allow us to point out the regulatory factors and molecular mechanisms underlying fruit senescence.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Emotions about socioscientific issues to develop critical thinking in Spanish pre-service science teachers

Nowadays, science education should focus on the development of competences in students, and especially on the development of different skills that allow them to develop their critical thinking (CT), without forgetting the emotional aspects of students that can significantly influence the teaching-learning process. Argumentation and decision making are considered important skills to develop CT and can be developed through socioscientific issues in the classroom. A training programme for pre-service science teachers (PST) on CT was developed based on these ideas, focusing on socioscientific issues in different formats (text, video and opinions). This programme was implemented with 43 Spanish PSTs from the Master in Secondary Education at the University of xx during the academic course 2019-2020. The first phase analysed the emotions felt by the PSTs during the implementation of different issues included in the programme focused on energy, health, or technology. For data collection, the PSTs completed a questionnaire, including a list of emotions. The data were analysed qualitatively, comparing positive and negative emotions. It was found that, regardless of the dilemma format used, the emotions felt by the PSTs were positive, with particular emphasis on their interest and attentiveness. Insecurity appeared in the short opinions´ format to solve the dilemma as a main negative emotion. These results show that the use of socioscientific issues in different formats can be very suitable for developing CT since the emotions detected favour learning.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Identificación de la presencia de la publicidad en los envases de productos alimenticios por parte de estudiantes del grado de Educación Infantil

En este trabajo se analiza la identificación que 92 estudiantes del Grado de Educación Infantil en la Universidad de Málaga realizan sobre la publicidad que aparece en el etiquetado de un conocido producto alimenticio, y su comparación con las de un grupo de profesorado experto. La toma de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario en el que se recogieron datos de ámbito académico y personal, y en el cual tenían que valorar, mediante una escala Likert de 1 a 4, cada uno de los elementos incluidos en el etiquetado, en términos de si los consideraban como información publicitaria, información científica usada ublicitariamente o información científica. Las valoraciones recabadas han mostrado un alto nivel de acuerdo entre las estudiantes y el grupo de profesorado experto

Influence of using hydrochloric acid for measuring the concentration of total carnitine in human plasma by Tandem mass spectrometry

The present study establishes whether the pH of samples is crucial for measuring total carnitine in human plasma by tandem mass spectrometry and if it is necessary to neutralize the samples after alkaline hydrolysis of acylcarnitines. Free and total carnitine of ten plasma samples were measured by a radioenzymatic assay as a reference method, and forward there were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry divided into two groups: treated with hydrochloric acid and without hydrochloric acid measuring each sample five times for both variables. Free and total carnitine concentrations were similar for the radioenzymatic essay and tandem mass spectrometry. There was no significant difference between the two analyzed variables (treated with hydrochloric acid and without hydrochloric acid). It could be concluded that the pH of samples is no crucial for measuring total carnitine in plasma by tandem mass spectrometry, and it is not necessary to neutralize the samples after alkaline hydrolysis of acylcarnitines, then the shorter method, without adding hydrochloric acid can be used for total carnitine measurement in plasma by tandem mass spectrometryEl presente estudio establece, si el pH al cual se procesan las muestras, condiciona la determinación de la carnitina total en plasma, mediante el uso de espectrometría de masas en tándem; así mismo analiza, si es necesario neutralizar las muestras luego de la hidrólisis alcalina de las acilcarnitinas. Carnitina libre y total de 10 muestras de plasma fueron medidas mediante el ensayo radioenzimático, como método de referencia. Posteriormente fueron medidas cinco veces cada muestra, mediante espectrometría de masas en tándem utilizando ácido hidroclorhídrico y sin usar ácido hidroclorhídrico. Las concentraciones de carnitina libre y total, fueron similares utilizando ensayo radioenzimático y espectrometría de masas en tándem. No se encontró diferencias significativas entre las dos variables analizadas (con ácido hidroclorhídrico, o sin ácido hidroclórhídrico). Puede concluirse que el pH de las muestras no es crucial para medir carnitina total en plasma por espectrometría de masas en tandem y no es necesario neutralizar las muestras luego de la hidrólisis alcalina de las acilcarnitinas. El método más corto puede ser utilizado para tal fin

Correlación P.D.C. con C.B.R. para suelos en la localidad de Suba

Se encontró que para efectos de este trabajo no es viable aplicar la ecuación del US Army Corps of Engineers para suelos colombianos, ya que los resultados obtenidos pueden no representan correctamente el comportamiento y la capacidad de soporte de nuestros suelos. Los resultados de C.B.R. obtenidos con la ecuación US Army Corps of Engineers son mucho mayores que los obtenidos con la ecuación calibrada, en este caso, para suelos en la localidad de Suba, por lo tanto, se puede incurrir en un margen de error considerable en el momento de seleccionar el C.B.R. de diseño para pavimentos. Por otra parte, es posible calibrar una ecuación para la correlación P.D.C. con C.B.R. con un margen de error más pequeño, si se tienen una mayor cantidad de datos homogéneos, de esta forma se obtendrían valores de R2 mas cercanos a 1

Estado del arte sobre Frameworks de infraestructura para Big Data

En la actualidad, el análisis Big Data se ha convertido en un gran reto para las organizaciones educativas, gubernamentales y comerciales, esto debido a la gran cantidad de datos procesados, por lo tanto resulta muy difícil llevar a cabo los diferentes procesos de análisis con herramientas de bases de datos y analíticas convencionales. Las tendencias Big Data traen consigo una gran cantidad de herramientas y aplicaciones que han sido desarrolladas específicamente para el apoyo al crecimiento de dicha tecnología para el análisis de datos, algunas de éstas trabajan en conjunto en soluciones de arquitecturas ya implementadas en las que se fundamenta gran parte de este trabajo monográfico, sintetizando la información necesaria para generar una propuesta de una arquitectura Big Data. Este trabajo pretende mostrar los componentes necesarios de infraestructura para brindar soporte al análisis Big Data basados en soluciones implementadas por los proveedores más conocidos, tomando como referencia modelos, diagramas y herramientas de software, enfocadas a los distintos despliegues que se puedan generar con base a unos requerimientos específicos, obteniendo como resultado una solución para una arquitectura Big Data utilizando las características de los escenarios propuestos en este trabajo

Caracterización Socio Productiva y Ambiental en las Comunidades San Francisco y Palo Solo, Peñas Blancas Tuma La Dalia, II Semestre 2015

En la investigación se realizó durante el II semestre del año 2015, en las comunidades de San Francisco y Palo Solo, Peñas Blancas ubicadas en el Municipio Tuma La Dalia, con los objetivos de identificar las condiciones sociales, el contexto productivo y situaciones ambientales. La investigación es descriptiva, transversal, se trabajó con un universo de 44 productores. Las variables de estudio fueron condiciones sociales, contexto productivo y situaciones ambientales. Los indicadores se incluyeron en una base de datos en el SPSS (v.15.0) para analizar frecuencia, porcentajes y medias. También se utilizó el software Microsoft Excel para elaboración de gráficos. En lo social el 91%, sexo masculino; 45%, edad promedio; 5%, promedio de composición de la familia; 52% educación que prevalece es la primaria; 54.5%, acceso salud pública; 74.5%, acceso y agua potable; 97.7%, energía que utilizan (leña); 79%, el vías de transportes en regular estado; 88%, economía regular; 65.9%, organizados y 55.25% capacitados. En productivo, la tenencia de las áreas productivas con el 81.8%; derecho posesorio; 77.30% pequeños productores; 68% trabajan tradicional; 70.5%, no diversifican; 80.80%, no tienen infraestructura; 82.8%, realizan prácticas agrícolas; los rendimientos productivos son bajos; 67%, la actividad más plantada es el café; 71%, comercializan local; 55%, financiamiento económico es la problemática. Situación ambiental, 38.6%, cuentan con fuentes hídricas; 43.2%, se contaminan por aguas mieles; 55.5%, la flora maderable; 68%, fauna más predominantes son las aves y 68%, reforestan. Palabras claves: Social, Productiva, Ambienta

LNG: an alternative fuel for road freight transport in Europe

Currently, energy consumption in the worldwide transport sector depends on 92.8% oil fuels. This dependency, among other problems, produces high levels of harmful emissions, which makes it necessary to increase the use of less polluting and more cost-effective alternative sources as natural gas. Furthermore, this alternative fuel must have autonomy, security and as optimal storage volume as the natural gas use in liquid state. This paper reviews the liquefied natural gas (LNG) use advantages over other fuels and analyses its introduction prospects in the transport sector in Europe, specifically in road freight transport. Natural gas (NG) technology for transportation is mature and extended through the compressed use (CNG) in urban light vehicles. However, CNG has not been attractive for extra-urban use mainly by the limited energy storage volume and difficulties for NG stations installation. For this problem, a LNG vehicle with the same fuel tank size could travel up to 2.4 times the distance compared with CNG. LNG in heavy-duty trucks reduces GHG emissions per kilometre up to 20% and almost 100% SOx and particulate matter, as well the noise in inner cities, compared to diesel trucks. An additional advantage is the operation cost savings that would give a LNG conversion payback between 1 and 3 years. The European Union has promoted the construction of LNG stations by the TEN-T programme and projects as the ‘LNG Blue Corridors’ in order to create a road network with LNG stations each 400 km. In addition, the world natural gas reserves would ensure the energy supply for the transport sector in Europe. Hence, the LNG for road freight transport is a potential alternative to replace the traditional fuels in the short to medium term