The Poetry of Roberto Bolaño: Topics and Dreams

Indexación: Revista UNABEl artículo presenta los diversos tópicos, temas, formas que tiene la poesía de Roberto Bolaño. En sus poemas está expresada la idea de la poesía como territorio del sueño. Sus poemas remiten a cómo la poesía sirve para ver de otra manera, y dar cuenta del cruce entre realidad y ensoñación. Al juntar literatura y ciudad en un espacio privilegiado que él designa como La Universidad Desconocida, Bolaño insiste en la necesidad de mantener vigente la relación inseparable de ética y estética, de literatura y vida; y del compromiso insoslayable que tiene el poeta de mirar de una manera distinta el mundo, para evitar que el olvido lleve a ocultar el horror y el crimen presente en la sociedad humana contemporánea.The article is about diverse topics, themes and ideas represented in Roberto Bolaño’s poetry. His poems are expressed as territories of dreams. His poems remit how poetry serves to be viewed in a different way, and to help acknowledge the interrelation between reality and dreams. Putting together literature and city in a privileged space designed by him as the Unknown University, Bolaño insists in the necessity of maintaining and updating the inseparable relationship between ethics and aesthetics; among literature and life. However, Bolaño believes that the poet has a very important obligation to see the world in a different way. This obligation enables the poet to avoid forgetfulness, which helps to occult the horror and crimes present in contemporary human society.http://revistahumanidades.unab.cl/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/A6.-OSORIO.pd

Instituto de Estudios Humanísticos Abate Juan Ignacio Molina Universidad de Talca

El auge de la vitivinicultura, producto de la “Revolución Tecnológica” que se ha incorporado a esta área productiva, ha significado cambios profundos no tan solo en los aspectos económicos que esta actividad involucra, sino que también en el cambio de la perspectiva que la sociedad chilena tradicionalmente ha tenido respecto de ella. Es así como el conocimiento profundo e histórico de este subsector de la producción, es hoy en día materia de discusión en círculos intelectuales y académicos, perneando incluso al resto de los sectores de nuestra sociedad

Indigenising Development

Among the many social groups that have been historically excluded, indigenous people comprise one that offers great challenges to development. Although their assimilation has been a goal of the national societies that engulfed them, it is disputable whether indigenous people desire the type of social inclusion that development, in its many forms, can produce. At the same time, development seems irreversible, and resistance to it might have consequences far more adverse than those brought by acceptance. The best way to overcome the challenges seems to be to indigenise development: to put it to work on behalf of indigenous people instead of putting them to work for a model of development that is not only alien to them but that frequently does violence to their culture. With this in mind: Alcida Rita Ramos, Rafael Guerreiro Osorio and José Pimenta introduce the theme and the challenges to indigenising development, considering points raised by the other contributors. Gersem Baniwa writes about the dilemmas that development poses to indigenous people in Brazil, who simultaneously want to enjoy its benefits, particularly the material and technological resources of the modern world, and to also keep their traditions. Myrna Cunningham and Dennis Mairena explain that the very concept of development is inimical to some core values of many indigenous cultures of Nicaragua, such as collective labour and property, egalitarian distribution, and holistic world views. Jaime Urrutia Cerutti presents his thoughts on why in Peru, unlike Bolivia and Ecuador, there is no massive and strong social movement of indigenous people. The indigenous population comprises the majority in these three Andean countries, and is already integrated into their modern national societies. Stuart Kirsch departs from the concept of human development to show how a mining project in Suriname might enhance the economic freedom of some indigenous groups at the expense of some other important freedoms associated with being indigenous. José Pimenta tells the success story of an Ashaninka group in Brazil who became an archetype of the ecological indian, running sustainable development projects, and managing and protecting the environment. This success was context-specific, however, and was not without cost to their way of life. Charles R. Hale recalls the dramatic impacts of the civil war on the indigenous people of Guatemala. Caught between the state and the guerrillas, they have been through genocide, and modest advancements achieved earlier were reversed. A re-emerging Maya social movement now faces the resistance of the country?s elite. Bruce Grant takes us back to the Soviet Union and pinpoints some of the differences of socialist development, showing how it affected indigenous peoples in Siberia who were paradoxically seen as both a model of primitive communism and of backwardness. It was a dear goal of Soviet planners to make them leap forward as an example of the benefits of socialism. David G. Anderson considers how the dismantling of the Soviet Union affected indigenous peoples in Siberia. Current Russian models of indigenous development are worth considering because they are not purely capitalist: private corporations that take over projects assume many of the roles of the former socialist state in welfare provision, and the overall repercussions are both favourable and otherwise. Bernard Saladin d?Anglure and Françoise Morin discuss the impact of the colonisation and development of the Arctic on the Inuit. Charged by the Soviet Union for neglecting the human development of the Inuit, Canada devised a policy that succeeded in raising their material standards of living while culturally impoverishing them. Carolina Sánchez, José del Val, and Carlos Zolla emphasise the importance of monitoring the welfare and development of indigenous people by devising culturally adequate information systems. They summarise the state-of-the-art proposals, outline the main demands of indigenous leaders and experts as regards such systems, and present the successful experience of their programme in Guerrero, Mexico. We hope that the articles in this issue of Poverty in Focus help raise awareness in the development community about problems that do not have immediate and easy solutions, but that are crucial to shaping the present and future of indigenous people.Indigenising Development

The Kinetic Family Drawing as a Measure of Minuchin\u27s Structural Family Concepts Among Hispanic American Families With Substance-Abusing and Nonsubstance-Abusing Adolescents

Problem. There is a need for validation of new cultural-sensitive tests for assessing the Hispanic population in the United States that will take into account their cultural competence in the psychological evaluation practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the suitability of the Kinetic Family Drawings as a measure of Minuchin\u27s Structural Family Theory among Hispanic American families with substance-abusing and nonsubstance-abusing adolescents. Method. The Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD), the Structural Family Interaction Scale-Revised (SFIS-R), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES II) were administered to 141 families, 74 with an adolescent with substance-abusing problems and 67 with nonsubstance-abusing adolescents. Both groups, the clinic and non-clinic, included a total of 260 people involved in the study. All subjects were Hispanic Americans living in Chicago, Illinois, and Southern Michigan. Fourteen hypotheses were tested, and data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis, canonical correlation analysis, t-test, and by discriminant analysis. Significance was set at .05. Results. The results of this study give support to the validity of the KFD in assessing some variables of Minuchin\u27s Structural Family Theory. Of 37 KFD variables designed for this study, 25 (67.5%) found some confirmation. However, other variables were not supported by the results. The KFD appears to be suitable in the assessment of some of the Family Hierarchy variables, Family Boundaries variables, and Family Adaptability variables. The qualitative results did not provide, however, support for KFD Family Subsystems variables related to maladaptive coalitions. The potential of the KFD to differentiate between families with different styles of interacting is affirmed by this study. The results indicated that the KFD is able to differentiate family patterns of interaction between substance-abusing and nonsubstance-abusing Hispanic families under certain conditions. These differences are related to Family Hierarchy, Family Boundaries, and Family Adaptability variables. No differences were indicated in the Family Subsystem variables. Conclusion. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of this study provide support for the potential of the KFD to reflect the drawer\u27s view of himself/herself within the family, his/her view of family members\u27 functioning, his/her view of some family interpersonal conflicts, and his/her view about the differences between some successful and unsuccessful family interactive patterns in terms of Minuchin\u27s Structural Family Theory

Filosofía: morfología sin ley. Goethe y Wittgenstein sobre el límite de la ciencia

The present text exposes the influence of Goethe’s morphology on Wittgenstein’s concept of perspicuous representation. Through this process, it is demonstrated that Goethe and Wittgenstein, each in their manner, in different periods of time and in different working fields, made an effort to combat the univocal explication of science. Beside this similarity, a radical difference between these two authors is presented. In fact, even if both combat the causal manner of considering things, Goethe’s morphology is presented as a different form of carrying out science engaged, however, in the search of laws, whilst Wittgenstein’s practice of philosophy is totally unconnected to any search of laws

La Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior (ries): tres años contribuyendo al conocimiento de la educación superior en la región

ResumenEn mayo de 2010 apareció en el escenario de las revistas científicas electrónicas, un proyecto editorial innovador, el proyecto se denominó Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior (ries). Entre sus principales objetivos se propone fomentar la visibilidad de la producción científica iberoamericana de autores interesados en el análisis de la educación superior en los países de esta región. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el impacto que la ries ha logrado en la comunidad, a partir del análisis de su contenido y la visibilidad que ha alcanzado. Para ello, realizamos un estudio tipo bibliométrico, en el que recuperamos como fuente los primeros nueve números y la información contenida en el Informe 2010-2013 presentado al Consejo y al Comité Editorial de la revista.AbstractIn May 2010, an innovative publishing project named Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior (ries) made its first appearance on the scientific electronic magazine scene. One of its main objectives is to foster the visibility of Ibero-American scientific production of authors interested in the analysis of higher education in countries in this region. The aim of this article is to present the impact ries has had on the community, from an analysis of its content and the visibility it has obtained. For this bibliometric study, oursources were the first nine issues and information contained in the 2010-2013 report presented to the magazine’s Editorial Board and Committee

Design of a strategy to obtain safe paths from collaborative robot teamwork

Documento en PDF a color.figuras, tablasThis doctoral thesis was designed and implemented using a strategy of explorer agents and a management and monitoring system to obtain the shortest and safest paths. The strategy was simulated using Matlab R2016 in 10 test environments. The comparisons were made between the results obtained by considering each robot's work and contrasting it with the results obtained by implementing the cooperative-collaborative strategy. For this purpose, were used two path planning algorithms, they are the A* and the Greedy Best First Search (GBFS). Some changes were made to these classic algorithms to improve their performance to guarantee interactions and comparisons between them, transforming them into Incremental Heuristic (IH) algorithms, which gave rise to a couple of agents with new path planners called IH-A* and IH-GBFS. The cooperative strategy was implemented with IH-A* and IH-GBFS algorithms to obtain the shortest paths. The cooperative process was used 300 times in 100 complete tests (3 times in 10 tests in each of 10 environments), which allowed determining that the strategy decreased the original path (without cooperation) in 79% of the cases. In 20.50% of cases, the author identified that the cooperative process, reduced to less than half the original path. The collaborative strategy was implemented to obtain the safer path, using a communications system that allows the interaction among the explorer agents, the test environment, and the management and monitoring system to generate early warnings and compare the risk between paths. In this work, the risk is due to hidden marks found by the explorer agents; for this reason, it is implemented a potential risk function that allows obtaining the path risk estimated. The path risk estimated metric is the one that facilitates the evaluation and comparison of risk between paths to find safer paths. The AWMRs operates using a kinematic model, a controller, a path planner, and sensors that allow them to navigate through the environment gently and safely. Simultaneously with the explorer agents, the administration and monitoring system as a user interface that facilitates the presentation and consolidation of results were implemented. Subsequently, 16 tests were carried out, implementing the complete cooperative-collaborative strategy in four different environments, which had hidden marks. When analyzing the results, it was determined that the Shortest Safest Estimated Path was found in 62.5% of the tests. A WMR and a square test stage were built. In the test scenario, 240 path tracking tests were carried out (the WMR travelled 24 different paths; the WMR travelled each path ten times). The path data were obtained using odometry with encoders onboard the robot and image processing through an external camera. The author apply a tracking error analysis on the WMR path, travelling a circumference of 3.64 m in length. When comparing the path obtained with the WMR kinematic model with the data obtained using image processing, a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2,807% was obtained; and with the odometry data, the MAPE was 1,224%. As a general conclusion, this study has numerically identified the relevance of the implementation of the cooperative-collaborative strategy in robotic teamwork to find shortest and safest paths, a strategy applied in test environments that have obstacles and hidden marks. The cooperative-collaborative strategy can be used in different applications that involve displacement in a dangerous place or environment, such as a minefield or a region at risk of spreading COVID-19.Esta tesis doctoral fue diseñada e implementada utilizando una estrategia de agentes exploradores y un sistema de gestión y seguimiento para obtener caminos más cortos y seguros. La estrategia se simuló utilizando Matlab R2016 en 10 entornos de prueba. Las comparaciones se realizaron entre los resultados obtenidos al considerar el trabajo realizado por cada robot y contrastarlo con los resultados obtenidos al implementar la estrategia cooperativa-colaborativa. Para ello, se utilizaron dos algoritmos de planificación de rutas, que son el A* y el Greedy Best First Search (GBFS). Se realizaron algunos cambios a estos algoritmos clásicos para mejorar su rendimiento para garantizar interacciones y comparaciones entre ellos, transformándolos en algoritmos Heurísticos Incrementales (IH), lo que dio lugar a un par de agentes con nuevos planificadores de rutas denominados IH-A * e IH- GBFS. La estrategia cooperativa se implementó con algoritmos IH-A * e IH-GBFS para obtener los caminos más cortos. El proceso cooperativo se utilizó 300 veces en 100 pruebas completas (3 veces en 10 pruebas en cada uno de los 10 entornos), lo que permitió determinar que la estrategia disminuyó la trayectoria original (sin cooperación) en el 79% de los casos. En el 20,50% de los casos, el autor identificó que el proceso cooperativo, redujo la distancia entre inicio y meta a menos de la mitad del recorrido original. La estrategia colaborativa se implementó para obtener el camino más seguro, utilizando un sistema de comunicaciones que permite la interacción entre los agentes exploradores, el entorno de prueba y el sistema de gestión y monitoreo para generar alertas tempranas y comparar el riesgo entre caminos. En este trabajo, el riesgo se debe a las marcas ocultas encontradas por los agentes exploradores; por ello, se implementa una función de riesgo potencial que permite obtener el riesgo de ruta estimado. La métrica estimada de riesgo de ruta es la que facilita la evaluación y comparación de riesgo entre rutas para encontrar rutas más seguras. Los robots autónomos móviles con ruedas (en inglés AWMR) operan utilizando un modelo cinemático, un controlador, un planificador de rutas y sensores que les permiten navegar por el entorno de manera suave y segura. Simultáneamente con los agentes exploradores, el autor implementó un sistema de administración y monitoreo como interfaz de usuario que facilita la presentación y consolidación de resultados. Posteriormente, se realizaron 16 pruebas, implementando la estrategia cooperativa-colaborativa completa en cuatro entornos diferentes, que tenían marcas ocultas. Al analizar los resultados, se determinó que una ruta estimada más corta y más segura se obtenía en el 62.5% de las pruebas. Se construyeron un WMR y un escenario de prueba cuadrado. En el escenario de prueba, se llevaron a cabo 240 pruebas de seguimiento de ruta (el WMR recorrió 24 rutas diferentes; el WMR recorrió cada ruta diez veces). Los datos de la trayectoria se obtuvieron utilizando odometría con encoders a bordo del robot y procesamiento de imágenes a través de una cámara externa. El autor aplica un análisis de error de seguimiento en la ruta recorrida por el WMR, generando una circunferencia de 3,64 m de longitud. Al comparar la ruta obtenida con el modelo cinemático del WMR con los datos obtenidos usando el procesamiento de imágenesse obtuvo un error de porcentaje absoluto medio (MAPE) de 2.807%; y con los datos de odometría, el MAPE fue de 1,224%. Como conclusión general, este estudio ha identificado numéricamente la relevancia de la implementación de la estrategia cooperativa-colaborativa en el trabajo en equipo robótico para encontrar caminos más cortos y seguros, estrategia aplicada en entornos de prueba que poseen obstáculos y marcas ocultas. La estrategia cooperativa-colaborativa puede ser utilizada en diferentes aplicaciones que involucran el desplazamiento en un lugar o entorno peligroso, como pueden ser un campo minado o una región en riesgo de propagación de COVID-19.DoctoradoDoctor en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Automátic

Bienes patrimoniales en el turismo cultural. Un acercamiento a su estado de investigación

El artículo corresponde a un documento de titulación de la Licenciatura en Turismo, por esa razón se registra tanto como artículo, como documento de titulaciónEl patrimonio, en sus diversas expresiones, se ha desarrollado –junto con el turismo cultural– como una de las opciones más importantes del accionar turístico, razón por la cual se han efectuado variadas investigaciones sobre la relación entre ambos; sin embargo, los bienes patrimoniales han cobrado gran relevancia para su estudio particular. A fin de realizar una caracterización sobre su estado de investigación, se ha revisado una serie de documentos recopilados de tres revistas con alta presencia de publicaciones en torno al tema, que dio como resultado la delimitación de cuatro líneas temáticas: bienes patrimoniales e identidad social, aprovechamiento y viabilidad de los bienes patrimoniales como recursos turísticos, imaginarios turísticos sobre los bienes patrimoniales, y recuperación y restauración de los bienes patrimoniales para su aprovechamiento turístico. Otro aspecto identificado es la predominancia del enfoque metodológico cualitativo con el cual se realizan las investigaciones analizadas, así como la importancia de países como Malasia, Turquía y España en la aportación de trabajos de investigación

El sector productor de carne bovina brasileño en un contexto nacional e internacional : un enfoque desde la gestión de la cadena de abastecimento (SCM)

The study of regional competitiveness of agricultural markets stresses the importance of market dynamics into a Supply Chain Management (SCM) framework. The aim of this paper was to carry out a descriptive analysis of the Brazilian beef meat sector focusing on the role of inter-firm collaboration as a source of value-added and competitive strength into the MERCOSUR context. It was applied two conceptual frameworks. The first one developed by Lambert and Cooper (2000) focus on an integration of the SCM and the second, proposed by Obersojer and Weindlmaier (2008) focus on an Efficient Consumer Response (ECR). From the first approach, it was identified structural problems that limit the integration of the SCM process of this sector, mainly due to difficulties to implement quality and safety standards due to its regional diversification. From the second, we concluded that distrust in the relationship between processing companies and retailers and a lack of strategic consumer orientation were the main obstacles for subsequent implementation of an ECR framework in the beef meat sector. Finally, it is desirable a management structure that enforces the capability of the different areas to increase the coordinating level among its respective chains. Keywords • • • Brazil • MERCOSUR • • • Brasil • MERCOSUREl estudio de la competitividad regional es de fundamental importancia para analizar la dinámica de los mercados agrícolas. El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar un análisis descriptivo del sector brasileño de carne bovina focalizado en el rol de la cooperación entre empresas y unidades productivas como fuente de valor agregado y fuerza competitiva en el contexto del MERCOSUR. Fueron aplicados dos modelos conceptuales. El primero, desarrollado por Lambert y Cooper (2000) focalizado en la integración de la cadena de abastecimento (SCM) y el segundo propuesto por Obersojer y Weindlmaier (2008) focalizado en la Respuesta Eficiente al Consumidor (ECR). Para el primer enfoque fueron identificados problemas estructurales que limitan la integración del proceso de SCM en este sector, principalmente debido a las dificultades en la implementación de padrones de calidad, seguridad y diversificación regional. Para el segundo se concluye que la desconfianza en la relación entre las firmas de procesamiento y retail, además de la falta de estrategia de orientación al consumidor son los principales obstáculos para la implementación de un cuadro de ECR en el sector de carne bovina. Finalmente, se sugiere una estructura de gestión empresarial que promueva la capacidad operativa y nivel de coordinación entre las respectivas áreas productivas y cadenas de abastecimento.Fil: Valdés, Rodrigo. Universidad de Talca (Chile)Fil: Díaz Osorio, José. Universidad de Talca (Chile