Evaluación de la eficacia de diferentes insecticidas químicos para el control de la oruga del cascabullo, Helicoverpa gelotopoeon Dyar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), en el cultivo de garbanzo

En la campaña 2010, la superficie cultivada con garbanzo en la Argentina fue de 40.000 ha, lo que significó un crecimiento del 150% con respecto a la campaña 2009 (Vizgarra et al., 2011). En la provincia de Tucumán y zonas de influencia (sudeste de Catamarca y oeste de Santiago del Estero), la superficie sembrada superó las 25.000 ha para la campaña 2011, producto del buen precio que tuvo esta legumbre en el 2010, que la posicionó como una interesante alternativa invernal (Vizgarra et al., 2012).Fil: Scalora, Franco S.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Casmuz, Augusto S.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Cazado, Lucas Emiliano. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Aralde, Marcos R.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Aybar Guchea, Matías. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Fadda, Lucas A.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, Mario. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, César Horacio. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tolosa, Gerardo J.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Martín A.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Gastaminza, Gerardo A.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Willink, Eduardo. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Vizgarra, Oscar N.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Walter. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; Argentin

Psychometric properties of the Minnesota Living with Chronic Heart Failure Questionnaire in a Colombian population

Introduction: Although the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF-Q) is one of the most widely used tools to assess Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), it has not been validated in Latin American Spanish-speaking populations. Objective: We evaluated internal consistency and construct validity of the MLHF-Q in patients with CHF from Colombia. Methods: The Spanish version of the MLHF-Q was given to 200 patients. Cronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency. Confirmatory factorial Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Rasch analysis were used to evaluate construct validity. The discriminative capacity was measured using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Median age was 64 years, 63% of the patients included in the study were men, and 79.5% had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 45%. The median of the total score of HRQoL was 40 points (Q1=20; Q3=55), physical dimension 11 points (Q1=4; Q3=23) and emotional dimension 7 points (Q1=3; Q3=13). Global internal consistency of MLHF-Q was 0.91 (95% CI 0.89 - 0.93). In the PCA, the three dimensions explained 47.7% and 54.0% in Rasch analysis, in which five items presented misfit. Worse HRQoL was observed among women than men in the emotional dimension (p=0.047). Discriminative capacity for the overall score of the MLHF-Q and their subscales was observed in age and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings confirmed the three-factor structure of the MLHF-Q, and satisfactory level for internal consistency. Additionally, these results suggest that the questionnaire adequately reflects the severity of the disease. However, further studies are required to validate these findings in Colombian population and to evaluate the sensitivity to change of the MLHF-Q in longitudinal designs. Introducción: El Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF-Q) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para medir la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en pacientes con Falla cardíaca Crónica (FCC); sin embargo, éste no ha sido validado en poblaciones latinoamericanas hispanohablantes. Objetivo: Evaluar la consistencia interna y validez de constructo del MLHF-Q en pacientes con FCC de Colombia. Métodos: La versión en español del MLHF-Q fue diligenciada por 200 pacientes. La consistencia interna se evaluó con el Alpha de Cronbach. La validez de constructo fue examinada por dos métodos: Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) confirmatorio y análisis Rasch. Se evaluó la capacidad discriminativa del instrumento con la prueba U-Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Mediana de edad de 64 años, 63% hombres y el 79.5% de los participantes tenían fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) ≤ 45%. La mediana del puntaje total de CVRS fue 40 puntos (Q1=20; Q3=55), dimensión física 11 puntos (Q1=4; Q3=23) y dimensión emocional 7 puntos (Q1=3; Q3=13). La consistencia interna fue 0.91 (IC 95% 0.89 - 0.93). En el ACP, las tres dimensiones explicaron el 54.0% y 47.7% en el análisis Rasch, en éste último cinco ítems presentaron desajuste. Se observó peor CVRS en mujeres que en hombres en la dimensión emocional (p=0.047) y se evidenció capacidad discriminativa de las subescalas y el puntaje total del MLHF-Q en la edad y la clase funcional New York Heart Association (NYHA) (p<0.05). Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos confirmaron la estructura de tres factores del MLHF-Q y un nivel satisfactorio para la consistencia interna. Adicionalmente, estos resultados sugieren que el cuestionario refleja adecuadamente la gravedad de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios adicionales en población colombiana para validar estos hallazgos y evaluar la sensibilidad al cambio del MLHF-Q en diseños longitudinales.&nbsp

Arquitecturas multiprocesador distribuidas

Caracterizar las arquitecturas multiprocesador distribuidas (Clusters, Multiclusters, Grids, Clouds), en particular las basadas en procesadores de múltiples núcleos (“multicores”), con el objetivo de modelizarlas, estudiar su escalabilidad, analizar y predecir perfomance de aplicaciones paralelas y estudiar esquemas de tolerancia a fallas en las mismas. Desarrollar software de base para clusters de multicores, tratando de optimizar perfomance de las arquitecturas, suponiendo diferentes modelos de programación paralela y diferentes esquemas o paradigmas de resolución de aplicaciones. Es de hacer notar que este proyecto se coordina con otros dos proyectos en curso en el III-LIDI y relacionados con Algoritmos Distribuidos/Paralelos y Sistemas de Software Distribuido.Eje: Procesamiento distribuido y paralel

Arquitecturas multiprocesador distribuidas : Modelos, simulación, software de base y aplicaciones

Caracterizar las arquitecturas multiprocesador distribuidas (Clusters, Multiclusters, Grids, Clouds), en particular las basadas en procesadores de múltiples núcleos (“multicores”), con el objetivo de modelizarlas, estudiar su escalabilidad, analizar y predecir perfomance de aplicaciones paralelas y estudiar esquemas de tolerancia a fallas en las mismas. Desarrollar software de base para clusters de multicores, tratando de optimizar perfomance de las arquitecturas, suponiendo diferentes modelos de programación paralela y diferentes esquemas o paradigmas de resolución de aplicaciones. Es de hacer notar que este proyecto se coordina con otros dos proyectos en curso en el III-LIDI y relacionados con Algoritmos Distribuidos/Paralelos y Sistemas de Software Distribuido.Eje: Procesamiento distribuido y paraleloRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Barriers to Health Service Access: A Study on Conditioning Factors of Self-Health and Illness Perception in Argentina

Aims: To determine self-health image and illness perception as potential barriers to health services access among inhabitants of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods: A cross-sectional study, where survey, “Brief Illness- Perception Questionnaire” and basic medical examination were performed on 2430 participants at homes. Results: Although men showed a better concept of their state of health, they perceived their illness worse and belatedly. Only 45% of participants perceived symptoms disease, and from them, 48% finally decided to consult to the health system. Hence, from every 100 sick people, only 21 had access to a health institution. Higher level of education achieved, better socio-economic conditions or holding health insurance were significantly associated with appropriate health seeking, and access to health service. Conclusions: Self-health image and disease perception affected people’s access to health services. Participants of this study showed suboptimal disease perception, manifested as meager and delayed demand for care. These results demonstrate the weakness of current health care model based on people’s spontaneous demand. It is necessary to adopt a new health system for the entire population, regardless of the self-awareness that people may have about their own health/disease status. It would be a more inclusive, effective and efficient healthcare model.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Enseñar en educación secundaria, un compromiso con la construcción de aprendizajes relevantes y duraderos: secuencias didácticas implementadas en los distintos ciclos y años de la educación secundaria y modalidades : ciencias naturales, matemáticas y tecnologías

Fil: Ferreyra, Horacio Ademar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; Argentin

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Plant versus animal based diets and insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: the Rotterdam Study

textabstractVegan or vegetarian diets have been suggested to reduce type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. However, not much is known on whether variation in the degree of having a plant-based versus animal-based diet may be beneficial for prevention of T2D. We aimed to investigate whether level of adherence to a diet high in plant-based foods and low in animal-based foods is associated with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and T2D. Our analysis included 6798 participants (62.7 ± 7.8 years) from the Rotterdam Study (RS), a prospective population-based cohort in the Netherlands. Dietary intake data were collected with food-frequency questionnaires at baseline of three sub-cohorts of RS (RS-I-1: 1989–1993, RS-II-1: 2000–2001, RS-III-1: 2006–2008). We constructed a continuous plant-based dietary index (range 0–92) assessing adherence to a plant-based versus animal-based diet. Insulin resistance at baseline and follow-up was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Prediabetes and T2D were collected from general practitioners’ records, pharmacies’ databases, and follow-up examinations in our research center until 2012. We used multivariable linear mixed models to examine association of the index with longitudinal HOMA-IR, and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models to examine associations of the index with risk of prediabetes and T2D. During median 5.7, and 7.3 years of follow-up, we documented 928 prediabetes cases and 642 T2D cases. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, a higher score on the plant-based dietary index was associated with lower insulin resistance (per 10 units higher score: β = −0.09; 95% CI: − 0.10; − 0.08), lower prediabetes risk (HR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81; 0.98), and lower T2D risk [HR = 0.82 (0.73; 0.92)]. After additional adjustment for BMI, associations attenuated and remained statistically significant for longitudinal insulin resistance [β = −0.05 (− 0.06; − 0.04)] and T2D risk [HR = 0.87 (0.79; 0.99)], but no longer for prediabetes risk [HR = 0.93 (0.85; 1.03)]. In conclusion, a more plant-based and less animal-based diet may lower risk of insulin resistance, prediabetes and T2D. These findings strengthen recent dietary recommendations to adopt a more plant-based diet. Clinical Trial Registry number and website NTR6831, http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=6831