Do hip precautions after posterior-approach total hip arthroplasty affect dislocation rates? A systematic review of 7 studies with 6,900 patients

Background and purpose — Hip precautions limiting flexion, adduction, and internal rotation have been prescribed traditionally to minimize dislocation rates following THA. We assessed the prevalence of hip dislocation following posterior approach total hip arthroplasty without postoperative hip precautions. Methods — A systematic review of multiple medical databases was performed using the PRISMA guidelines and checklist. All clinical outcome studies that reported dislocation rates and postoperative instructions following posterior approach, primary surgery, published within the last 6 years, were included. Results — 6,900 patients were included from 7 Level I–IV studies, with 3,517 treated with and 3,383 without precautions. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of dislocation between groups (2.2% in restricted group vs. 2.0% in unrestricted group). All but 1 study demonstrated no statistically significant differences in patient-reported outcome scores between restricted and unrestricted groups, including those pertaining to return to function, confidence, and pain. Interpretation — The review found no impact on dislocation rates following total hip arthroplasty performed through a posterior approach, regardless of the use of hip precautions. We also found no impact of the prescription of hip precautions on patient-reported outcome scores

Import as a Function of Income in Nigeria from 1970-2016

This research work aims at investigating import as a function of income in Nigerian economy between 1980 and 2014. The econometric techniques used for this thesis are Unit Root Tests, Cointegration, Vector Error Correction, and Granger Causality Methods. These techniques were consistent with seven of the previous studies in the literature review, and the other seven previous studies used other econometric techniques in their papers. Annual time series data was taken from the World Bank Database. The regression model was in logarithms transformation form purposely to linearize the model, to reduce the impact of outliers and thus to avoid spurious regression result. The theoretical expectation is that there is a positive relationship between the IMPORTS and GNI in Nigeria that is the higher is the GNI, the higher will be the consumption and thus the import. One Other variable was introduced to independent variable and the other variable is Real Exchange Rate (REXRt).  LN(IMPORTSt), LN(GNIt) and LN(REXRt) have Unit Roots problem at level but were stationary at first difference statistics. Furthermore, Trace and Max. Eigen Value Test indicates one cointegrating equations at 5% significance level. This thesis shows that there is a long-run relationship between the Imports and the Income in Nigeria between 1980 and 2014. The long-run shows positive relationship while the short-run shows no significant relationship. Keywords: Stationary, Cointegration, VECM, Granger Causality, Import, Incom

Factors Associated with Nutritional Practices of PregnantWomen Attending Antenatal Clinic of Selected Hospitals in Benin-City, Nigeria

The health of a pregnant mother and her nutritional status can influence the health and survival of the growing foetus because of the biological link between her and her child. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of healthy nutrition among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two selected hospitals in Benin City. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used in this study. A sample size of 284 was sampled for the target population of 972 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in tertiary and Mission hospitals using a selfstructured questionnaire with a split-half reliability test of Cronbachs alpha value of 0.886, 0.768, and 0.851. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages). The result revealed that 157(55.3%) had good knowledge, 79(27.8%) had average knowledge while 48(16.9%) had poor knowledge. 81(28.5%) had poor practice while the majority 203(71.5%) had good practice of healthy nutrition. Ignorance (2.86±0.423), Religion (2.73±0.430), Cultural belief (2.88±0.422), were reported to be factors affecting the practice of healthy nutrition. Conclusion: Although knowledge and practices of healthy nutrition were high, the cultural belief still affects pregnant women’s practice of healthy nutrition and health talk should be encouraged on each antenatal day with an emphasis on healthy nutrition

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Moraxella Catarrahalis Isolated from Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Clinic at Irrua Specialist Hospital, Irrua, Edo State

Due to reported incidence of antibiotic resistance, this study examines the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of  Moraxella catarrahalis among pregnant women with repeated complaints of ear and sinus. A total of 300 ear swab samples were collected from  pregnant women at different trimesters (first trimester (18), second  trimester (102) and third trimester (180)). The samples were cultured, and the isolates identified and characterized using their cultural, biochemical, and microscopic characteristics. Out of the 300 samples, 36 isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis were obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibility test on the isolates showed a high sensitivity pattern to Amoxicillinclavulanate (100%) followed by Sparfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin (91.7%) each, Augmentin and Ofloxacin (83.3%) each, while  Chloramphenicol was (75%). The isolates exhibited a very high resistance (100%) to Penicillin while β-lactamase test revealed that all isolates of M. catarrhalis were β-lactamase producers. The highest percentage of isolates was found in women within the third  trimester (13.3%) and lowest in the second trimester (9.8%). Other organisms isolated were diptheriods (39.3%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (35.3%) and Staphylococcus spp (13.3%). This study reveals that these organisms are prevalent during pregnancy and showed varying  susceptibility to antibiotics. It is therefore necessary to further evaluate the consequence of these organisms on pregnancy.Keywords: Irrua, Antibiotic, Sensitivity, Moraxella catarrhalis, pregnant women

Dyslipidemia in HIV-1 Infected Subjects with Short Term Usage of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Benin City, Nigeria

This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) (stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine) on serum lipids of HIV-1 positive subjects in Benin City, Nigeria. Test group 1 (n=78) and test group 2 (n= 71) comprised HIV- 1 seropositive individuals on HAART for a period of one to three months; and five to six months respectively. Fifty five newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive subjects naïve to HAART served as control group 1 and sixty apparently healthy HIV-1 seronegative individuals served as control group 2. The blood samples obtained were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein using standard enzymatic methods. Total cholesterol of test group 2 (214.0±6.43mg/dL) was not significantly different from Test group 1 (202.4±5.09mg/dL), both were however significantly higher than control group 1 (159.3±5.09mg/dL) and control group 2 (101.6±3.76 mg/dL). Triglyceride concentration of test group 2 (106.6+11.95mg/dL) was not significantly different from test group 1 (135.8+9.88mg/dL), but were significantly different from control groups 1 and 2 (125.1+3.35mg/dL and 104.6+3.08mg/dL) respectively. Dyslipidemia could set in from 1 to 6 months of HAART usage in HIV-1 Positive subjects hence serum lipids should be monitored as early as one month of HAART commencement.Keywords: Dyslipidemia, HIV chemotherapy (HAART), Lipid profile, HI

Capital Flight and the Economic Growth: Evidence From Nigeria

This research examined the impact of capital flight and its determinants on the Nigerian economy using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze data source from the period of 1981 to 2015. The variables included current account balance, capital flight, foreign direct investments, foreign reserve, inflation rate, external debt, and the real gross domestic product. It was to examine the existence of a long run relationship among the variables studied. The result indicates that capital flight has a negative impact on the economic growth of Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for government to implement policies that will promote domestic investment and discourage capital flight from Nigeria

Uptake of Antenatal Care Among Pregnant Women in Plateau State Nigeria

Background-Antenatal care offers pregnant women promotive, preventive and curative services. Despite this, some pregnant women still donrsquot access ANC at all while others donrsquot have access to ANC by skilled health care professionals. This increases the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study therefore aims to determine the predictors of ANC attendance among in Plateau State. Methodology-A community based cross sectional study,400 study participants across six communities in the three senatorial zones in Plateau State were selected. Focused Group Discussion was conducted among study participants. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results- 90.8% of respondents booked their last pregnancy out of which 55.8% had more than four ANC visits. Only 52.9% of the women had ANC by skilled health care providers. 69.7% of women who did not book their pregnancy delivered at home. Educational status, marital status and marital setting were predictors of ANC attendance among the study population. Women who had formal education were 1.7 times more likely to attend ANC compared to those with non-formal or no education at all. (P-value lt0.001 CI 1.267-2.321). Also, women in monogamous settings were more likely to attend ANC compared to those in polygamous setting (P-value 0.015 CI 0.162-0.822). Conclusion-Many of the respondents did not have the required number of ANC visits.nbsp More targeted interventions should be implemented in order to ensure that women have access to skilled care during pregnancy as this will reduce the risk of complications in pregnancy and delivery

Beyond Prejudice as Simple Antipathy: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Across Cultures

The authors argue that complementary hostile and benevolent componen:s of sexism exist ac ro.ss cultures. Male dominance creates hostile sexism (HS). but men's dependence on women fosters benevolent sexism (BS)-subjectively positive attitudes that put women on a pedestal but reinforce their subordination. Research with 15,000 men and women in 19 nations showed that (a) HS and BS are coherenl constructs th at correlate positively across nations, but (b) HS predicts the ascription of negative and BS the ascription of positive traits to women, (c) relative to men, women are more likely to reject HS than BS. especially when overall levels of sexism in a culture are high, and (d) national averages on BS and HS predict gender inequal ity across nations. These results challenge prevailing notions of prejudice as an antipathy in that BS (an affectionate, patronizing ideology) reflects inequality and is a cross-culturally pervasive complement to HS

Performance Evaluation of Developed Mathematical Models of Hot Air Balloon for Drone Application

designing a hot air balloon necessitates an accurate model of its dynamics. In many of these applications, control of the balloons is important and requires proper mathematical modelling of the mechanical and thermal dynamics of the balloon. Although complex thermodynamic models have been developed, this research would address the use of simple heat transfer and performance relationship to develop a comprehensive hot-air balloon model for drone applications. The mathematical model comprises of a heat transfer model and a performance model, considering that the motion of the system is governed by heat transfer between the system and the surroundings. For the heat transfer, two models were developed (model 1 and model 2). Model 2 proved to be more accurate than Model 1 upon simulation. The simulation runs of the first and second model were compared using the simulation data inspector on Simulink to determine the difference between the signals graphically. The result shows that the second model (orange) is more responsive to heat loss than the first model (green)