Evaluation of the concept of pressure proof testing fuselage structures

The FAA and NASA have recently completed independent technical evaluations of the concept of pressure proof testing the fuselage of commercial transport airplanes. The results of these evaluations are summarized. The objectives of the evaluations were to establish the potential benefit of the pressure proof test, to quantify the most desirable proof test pressure, and to quantify the required proof test interval. The focus of the evaluations was on multiple-site cracks extending from adjacent rivet holes of a typical fuselage longitudinal lap splice joint. The FAA and NASA do not support pressure proof testing the fuselage of aging commercial transport aircraft. The argument against proof testing is as follows: (1) a single proof test does not insure an indefinite life; therefore, the proof test must be repeated at regular intervals; (2) for a proof factor of 1.33, the required proof test interval must be below 300 flights to account for uncertainties in the evaluation; (3) conducting the proof test at a proof factor of 1.5 would considerably exceed the fuselage design limit load; therefore, it is not consistent with accepted safe practices; and (4) better safety can be assured by implementing enhanced nondestructive inspection requirements, and adequate reliability can be achieved by an inspection interval several times longer than the proof test interval

Molecular mechanisms of nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing

Nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing improves the texture of treated skin, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie clinical improvements.We sought to examine and quantify the time course and magnitude of dermal matrix changes that occur in response to nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing, with the dual goals of better understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie clinical improvements and of gaining knowledge that will enable evidence-based treatment parameter optimization.Twenty patients (mean age 58 years) with photodamaged skin were focally treated on dorsal forearms with a nonablative fractionated laser. Serial skin samples were obtained at baseline and at various times after treatment. Biopsies were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction technology and immunohistochemical techniques.Laser treatment resulted in an initial inflammatory response as indicated by statistically significant induction of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α). This was followed by substantial increases in levels of several matrix metalloproteinases and later by significant induction of type I collagen. Dermal remodelling was noted with both low and high microbeam energy treatment parameters.Nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing induces a well-organized wound-healing response that leads to substantial dermal remodelling and collagen induction. Surprisingly, only minimal differences were observed between lower and higher microbeam energy settings. These data suggest that lower microbeam energy/higher microbeam density treatment parameters, which are generally better tolerated by patients, may yield dermal changes similar to those that result from higher microbeam energy/lower microbeam density treatment parameters.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79267/1/j.1365-2133.2010.09998.x.pd

Aspectos edípicos de la idea del Otro en Unamuno

Rastreamos doctrinas unamunianas del Otro en el Edipo, rey de Sólbeles y en el Sofista platónico, edípico hacia el «padre» Parménides al filosofar sobre lo otro (té `ttapov). Examinamos el platonismo del Otro en Del setííimie,zío trágico, en las acotaciones de Unamuno a la tragedia de Sófocles y en su propio drama El Otro

Commentary: Effects of Long‐Pulsed 1,064‐nm Neodymium‐Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Therapy on Dermal Collagen Remodeling

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92012/1/dsu2346.pd

La estancia de Maurice Ravel en la comunidad musical de Valencia

Esta nota se vale de un cuaderno inédito de apuntes redactados por el valenciano Eduardo López-Chávarri, compositor, educador, escritor y musicólogo, junto con artículos periodísticos de noviembre de 1928 y después sobre el encuentro de Maurice Ravel con Valencia.  Ravel llegó a Valencia el 16 noviembre y permaneció hasta el día 18, dando un concierto la noche del 17.  Estos documentos dan fe de la importancia en la historia cultural de la ciudad de la visita del compositor francés, entonces el más prestigioso de Europa.  El mismo Ravel estimó su estancia en Valencia como lo mejor de su extenso giro por la Península

Santob: Poet at the Edge of the Abyss

Events of the mid-fourteenth century produced supreme emotions in the Jews of Castile-exultation in their cultural accomplishments, dread that their enemies might sweep their values away, and faith in a merciful God as Protector and Defender of all that they had built with toil and perseverance. Joel H. Klausner has described the epoch when the death of Alphonso XI, under whom the Jews had prospered, brought to the Castilian throne his son Pedro. This violent, headstrong youth, in the course of his nineteen-year reign (1350- 69), was to earn the epithet the Cruel. However, like his father, he surrounded himself with Jewish ministers. Many Old Christian aristocrats, proud of their own blood-lines, despised the new king for favoring those whom they considered rahez, lowly. Accordingly, they disputed Pedro\u27s claim to the crown by calling him a Jew and by supporting the aspirations to power of his half-brother Henry of Trastamara. For the deceased Alphonso had sired a number of bastard sons who, led by Henry, barely learned of Pedro\u27s coronation when they began plotting civil war against him and persecuting Jews. Doubtlessly Hispano-Hebrews at the king\u27s court realized that to save their lives, their faith, their families, their brilliant culture and their vast economic holdings, they would have to go to battle for Pedro

El impacto del creacionismo en Canciones de García Lorca

A los creacionistas Huidobro, Diego y Larrea debe Lorca la estética, unidad temática, muchas imágenes, técnicas metafóricas y tratamiento atrevido pero respetuoso de antecesores literarios en Canciones (1927). Asombran sus choques entre tradiciones cancioneriles e imágenes “creadas”. To “creacionistas” Huidobrio, Diego and Larrea, Lorca owes esthetic bases, thematic unity, many images, metaphorical technique, and daring but respectful treatment of literary antecedents in Canciones (1927). He elicits surprise with clashes produced between “cancionero” traditions and “created” images

El retorno a las fuentes: el hebreo bíblico en De los nombres de Cristo de fray Luis de León

Para fray Luis de León, el hebraísmo sirve como el principio gnoseológico que orienta su pensamiento en De los nombres de Cristo (1583). Aprovechando la concordancia informatizada del Antiguo Testamento publicada por Kohlenberger y Swanson en 1998, el presente estudio se basa en la concepción veterotestamentaria de "fuente", y muestra cómo de ella deriva fray Luis la estructura de su máxima obra filosófica en la primera edición. El principio del retorno a las fuentes posibilita además la armonización luisiana del hebreo con su propia fe postridentina. The use of Hebraisms comes to constitute a principle of knowledge which guides Fray Luis de León’s thinking in De los nombres de Cristo (1583). Employing The Hebrew-English Concordance to the Old Testament (1998) published by Kohlenberger and Swanson, who apply computers to the sacred Scriptures, the present study takes for its basis the ancient Hebrew idea of “source”, and shows how fray Luis derives from that notion the structure of his greatest philosophical work. The principle of return to the sources also makes it posi¡sible for him to harmonize the Hebrew text with his own post-Tridentine piety

El Nietzsche de Baroja: filósofo-poeta modernista

We reexamine Baroja’s conception of Nietzsche. To supply a general conception lacking in Gonzalo Sobejano, expert on Nietzsche in Spain, we adapt to Spain Lawrence Gamache’s view of modernism within which we situate Nietzsche and Baroja. After studying Baroja’s idea of modernism present in the essay “Modernist style” (1903), we examine his changing perception of Nietzsche as modernist philosopher- poet in three essays (1899, 1901, 1904).Reexaminamos la concepción barojiana de Nietzsche. Para suplir un concepto universal que falta en Gonzalo Sobejano, mejor estudioso de Nietzsche en España, adaptamos a España la visión del modernismo de Lawrence Gamache, y en ella situamos a Nietzsche y a Baroja. Después de estudiar la noción barojiana del modernismo presente en el ensayo “Estilo modernista” (1903), examinamos su cambiante percepción de Nietzsche como filósofo-poeta modernista en tres ensayos (1899, 1901, 1904)