Ideología y programa de gobierno en los discursos de toma de posesión de los presidentes de México: 1928-1982

Los discursos de toma de posesión de los presidentes de México ofrecen una visión del país y programas de gobierno. En este trabajo se analizan los discursos de Portes Gil, Ortiz Rubio, Cárdenas, Ávila Camacho, Alemán, Ruiz Cortínez, López Mateos, Díaz Ordaz, Echeverría. López Portillo y de la Madrid. El análisis de estos documentos es un ejercicio saludable de memoria histórica.ITESO, A.C

Deterministic and stochastic methods for gaze tracking in real-time

Psychological evidence demonstrates how eye gaze analysis is requested for human computer interaction endowed with emotion recognition capabilities. The existing proposals analyse eyelid and iris motion by using colour information and edge detectors, but eye movements are quite fast and difficult for precise and robust tracking. Instead, we propose to reduce the dimensionality of the image-data by using multi-Gaussian modelling and transition estimations by applying partial differences. The tracking system can handle illumination changes, low-image resolution and occlusions while estimating eyelid and iris movements as continuous variables. Therefore, this is an accurate and robust tracking system for eyelids and irises in 3D for standard image quality.Peer Reviewe

Assessing confidence in cased based reuse step

Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a learning approach that solves current situations by reusing previous solutions that are stored in a case base. In the CBR cycle the reuse step plays an important role into the problem solving process, since the solution for a new problem is based in the available solutions of the retrieved cases. In classification tasks a trivial reuse method is commonly used, which takes into account the most frequently solution proposed by the set of retrieved cases. We propose an alternative reuse process; we call confidence-reuse method, which make a qualitative assessment of the information retrieved. This approach is focused on measuring the solution accuracy, applying some confidence predictors based in a k-NN classifier with the aim of analyzing and evaluating the information offered by the retrieved cases.Peer Reviewe

Hierarchical eyelid and face tracking

Most applications on Human Computer Interaction (HCI) require to extract the movements of user faces, while avoiding high memory and time expenses. Moreover, HCI systems usually use low-cost cameras, while current face tracking techniques strongly depend on the image resolution. In this paper, we tackle the problem of eyelid tracking by using Appearance-Based Models, thus achieving accurate estimations of the movements of the eyelids, while avoiding cues, which require high-resolution faces, such as edge detectors or colour information. Consequently, we can track the fast and spontaneous movements of the eyelids, a very hard task due to the small resolution of the eye regions. Subsequently, we combine the results of eyelid tracking with the estimations of other facial features, such as the eyebrows and the lips. As a result, a hierarchical tracking framework is obtained: we demonstrate that combining two appearance-based trackers allows to get accurate estimates for the eyelid, eyebrows, lips and also the 3D head pose by using low-cost video cameras and in real-time. Therefore, our approach is shown suitable to be used for further facial-expression analysis.Peer Reviewe

An overview of asphalt pavement design for streets and roads

Pavements constitute a geotechnical problem since they are built on the ground and with materials obtained from it: untreated, such as soils and rocks, and processed as hydraulic and bituminous binders; consequently, a geotechnical framework is useful to describe their constitutive elements. The design of asphalt pavements for streets and roads evolved from empiric to mechanistic-empiric (M-E) procedures throughout the 20th century. The mechanistic-empiric method, based on layered elastic theory, became a common practice with the publication of separate procedures by Shell Oil, Asphalt Institute, and French LCPC, among others. Since its origin, the M-E procedure can consider incremental pavement design but, only until the beginning of the 21st century, the computational power became available to practicing engineers. American MEPDG represents the state-of-the-art M-E incremental design procedure with significant advantages and drawbacks, the latter mainly related to the extensive calibration activities required to assure a proper analysis and design according to subgrade, climate, and materials at a particular location and for an intended level of reliability. Perpetual pavements are a subset of M-E designed pavements with a proven history of success for the conditions where they are warranted. No design method, either the most straightforward empirical approach or the most elaborated incremental mechanistic one, is appropriate without proper knowledge about the fundamental design factors and calibration of the performance models for each distress mode upon consideration

Análisis de accesibilidad aplicado a la distribución de gas natural comprimido

A continuación se presenta la aplicación de una propuesta metodológica de estudio de accesibilidad territorial para el suministro de Gas Natural Comprimido (GNC) en una región específica del departamento de Caldas, Colombia. Se tiene en cuenta las proyecciones de consumo del producto y las diferentes variables de tipo geográfico e infraestructuras de transporte que permitan una eficiente logística de entrega a las poblaciones objeto, y su relación con los posibles puntos de distribución. El principal objetivo es establecer el mejor  punto de distribución de GNC para proveer a dos corredores viales del departamento. Se realiza un análisis multicriterio de las variables

Comercialización de cerveza en Asia

El proyecto PAP elaborado para Cervezutra tuvo como propósito realizar una investigación de mercado internacional en donde el principal interés fue posicionar el producto en Asía para dar a conocer la cerveza artesanal del amor. En este documento se encuentran datos de la empresa en general, descripción del producto, así como el proceso de su fabricación, la fracción arancelaria de la cerveza, el mercado meta y la comercialización de este; la logística donde se abordan temas como empaque, transporte, documentación, regulaciones arancelarias y no arancelarias y las recomendaciones del equipo hacia el empresario. Se presentan también los métodos de investigación que se utilizaron para poder llevar a cabo esta investigación con el fin de brindar una buena asesoría e informar al empresario para que obtenga una idea clara sobre la exportación de su producto al mercado asiático. Este documento final servirá como guía para la exportación a dichos mercados, además tener una visión general de cómo está el panorama en cuestión de cerveza y cerveza artesanal, saber sus gustos e intereses y conocer si el procducto es atractivo en los países de China, Malasia, Taiwán y Japón.ITESO, A.C

Paper-based ZnO self-powered sensors and nanogenerators by plasma technology

Nanogenerators and self-powered nanosensors have shown the potential to power low-consumption electronics and human-machine interfaces, but their practical implementation requires reliable, environmentally friendly and scalable, processes for manufacturing and processing. This article presents a plasma synthesis approach for the fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and self-powered sensors on paper substrates. Polycrystalline ZnO nanocolumnar thin films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on common paper supports using a microwave electron cyclotron resonance reactor working at room temperature yielding high growth rates and low structural and interfacial stresses. Applying Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we elucidate the basic shadowing mechanism behind the characteristic microstructure and porosity of the ZnO thin films, relating them to an enhanced piezoelectric response to periodic and random inputs. The piezoelectric devices are assembled by embedding the ZnO films in PMMA and using Au electrodes in two different configurations: laterally and vertically contacted devices. We present the response of the laterally connected devices as a force sensor for low-frequency events with different answers to the applied force depending on the impedance circuit, i.e. load values range, a behaviour that is theoretically analyzed. The vertical devices reach power densities as high as 80 nW/cm2 with a mean power output of 20 nW/cm2. We analyze their actual-scenario performance by activation with a fan and handwriting. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantages of implementing plasma deposition for piezoelectric films to develop robust, flexible, stretchable, and enhanced-performance nanogenerators and self-powered piezoelectric sensors compatible with inexpensive and recyclable supportsComment: 30 pages, 8 figures in main tex