Price fluctuation, protected geographical indications and employment in the spanish small ruminant sector during the COVID-19 crisis

Official milk prices in the Spanish small ruminant sector were used for 5 years (2015–2019) to analyze the effect caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis in 2020. Meat price fluctuations were also studied using the weekly prices officially provided by some of the main agrarian markets of the country (n = 6) in 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the sales and prices of three protected geographical indications (PGI) of lamb meat served to study the marketability when the products are sold or not under these quality labels in a crisis context. According to Spanish Government’s official communications, 2020 was divided in three periods of study (pre-COVID-19, total confinement and post-confinement). The evolution of employment in this subsector in 2020, as a direct consequence of this crisis, was also analyzed considering data provided by producers. Results showed an intra-annual seasonal effect for milk prices in 2020 for both livestock species, as observed in previous years. However, a negative economic impact on goat milk prices due to the pandemic was checked during the confinement and post-confinement months. Sheep milk prices remained stable. Lamb and goat kid meat prices showed a similar trend in comparison with 2019 during the pre-COVID-19 period. The total confinement period recorded a short interval of 1–2 weeks in which the prices declined, before the suspension of quotations in many markets. In contrast, once confinement was completed, meat prices for both ruminant species rapidly reached levels that existed before the coronavirus crisis. Overall data suggested the protective effect of the PGI marks on lamb meat. Lambs with a PGI had better 2020 prices than non-PGI lambs (+8%), regardless of the period analyzed. Moreover, with fewer lambs sold in 2020, there was a relevant drop in sales of non-PGI lambs vs. PGI (-19% vs. -2%) during the first 7 months. Finally, there was little or no readjustment of the workforce in the small ruminant flocks

The Roman centuriated landscape: conception, genesis and development as inferred from the Ager Tarraconensis case

Although centuriation was only one system of Roman land division, its impact on the landscape and its visibility in modern field arrangements make it the most commonly recognized expression of Roman landscapes. Centuriated grid systems are usually analyzed from a materialistic point of view and consequently regarded as an assertion of Roman dominance over conquered territories. In this sense, their productive function is clear. The hinterland of Tarraco (the ancient capital of the Roman province of Tarraconensis) offers one of the most clearly documented examples of multiple-grid centuriated systems. From 2006 to 2010, the Landscape Archaeology Research Group (GIAP) of the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology employed a wide array of digital and field methodologies at Tarraco to record the traces of centuriated land divisions and their Roman origin. Most importantly, these methods have allowed research to move beyond pure description of the traces to explore the concepts and ideas behind the making of a centuriated landscape. By using Tarraco as a case study, this article shows how centuriation was not only a system for dividing the land but also a conceptual appropriation of the landscape based on a strong mythical and religious backgroun

Dupilumab significantly modulates pain and discomfort in patients with atopic dermatitis : a post hoc analysis of 5 randomized clinical trials

Background Pain is a frequent symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of dupilumab on pain/discomfort in AD and to determine whether pain correlates with other outcomes. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of 5 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in which adults with chronic AD received placebo or dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks or once weekly with and without topical corticosteroids. Proportions of patients with no pain/discomfort on this dimension of the 5-dimension EuroQoL (EQ-5D) at week 16 (all trials) and week 52 (CHRONOS) were compared between placebo and dupilumab. Correlations were evaluated between pain/discomfort and signs and symptoms of AD. Results Among 2632 evaluated patients, 72.9% to 83.1% reported at least moderate pain/discomfort at baseline. Higher proportions treated with dupilumab reported no pain/discomfort at week 16 relative to placebo; risk differences ranged from 22.3% (95% confidence interval = 11.5%–33.1%) to 42.2% (95% confidence interval = 26.6%–57.8%, all P ≤ 0.0001), with similar effects observed at week 52. Correlations at baseline of pain/discomfort with signs and symptoms of AD were low to moderate. Conclusions Pain/discomfort, present in a substantial proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe AD, was significantly reduced by dupilumab treatment. Given the low-to-moderate correlations with other AD symptoms at baseline, pain likely represents a distinct AD symptom. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT01859988, NCT02277743, NCT02277769, NCT02260986, and NCT02755649

La Carència (Valencia, España) y su territorio. Combinación de metodologías digitales para el análisis arqueológico y la difusión patrimonial

International audienc

La Maçana (Begues) y su entorno. Análisis regresivo de un paisaje exhausto

National audienc

Retraso trombolítico del infarto de miocardio y atención primaria

ObjetivoAnalizar la influencia de la visita en atención primaria en un centro de salud o en el domicilio y determinar la utilidad del electrocardiograma prehospitalario en el retraso trombolítico del infarto de miocardio.DiseñoEstudio transversal.EmplazamientoComarca de la Safor (136.000 habitantes), Valencia (España).PacientesMuestra de 137 pacientes ingresados por infarto agudo de miocardio procedentes de la comunidad.IntervencionesNinguna.Mediciones y resultadosAnálisis multivariante mediante modelos de regresión de Cox del retraso trombolítico comparando los pacientes que acudieron a un centro de atención primaria (40 [29,2%]) y los que llamaron al médico al domicilio (26 [19,0%]) con los que acudieron el hospital (71 [51,8%]). Análisis de la proporción de trombólisis en los grupos mediante regresión logística. Los pacientes remitidos desde atención primaria llegaron más tarde al hospital que los que acudieron directamente, aunque sólo se observó un mayor retraso trombolítico en los visitados en el domicilio (RR 0,25; IC del 95%, 0,09–0,71). La realización de un electrocardiograma en atención primaria (14 pacientes [10,2%]) redujo el retraso trombolítico (RR 8,81; IC del 95%, 1,20–64,91) al disminuir el retraso intrahospitalario. No hubo diferencias en la proporción de trombólisis (67 pacientes [48,9%]) entre los grupos.ConclusionesLos pacientes con infarto visitados en atención primaria llegan más tarde al hospital. Llamar y esperar al médico en el domicilio incrementa el retraso trombolítico. La realización de un electrocardiograma a los pacientes con infarto que acuden a un centro de salud reduce el retraso trombolítico al disminuir el retraso intrahospitalario.ObjectivesTo analyse the effect of a primary care consultation at a health centre or at home and to determine the effect of the use of the pre-hospital electrocardiogram on thrombolytic delay.DesignAnalytical cross-sectional study.SettingLa Safor county (136000 inhabitants), Valencia, Spain.PatientsSample of 137 patients from the area admitted for acute myocardial infarction.InterventionNone.Measurements and resultsMultivariate analysis through Cox regression models of the thrombolytic delay, comparing the patients who attended a primary care centre (40, 29.2%) and those who called out a doctor to their home (26, 19.0%) with those who attended hospital (71, 51.8%). The thrombolysis proportions in the groups were analysed with logistic regression. Patients referred from primary care arrived at hospital later than those who attended directly, although a greater thrombolytic delay was only seen in those visited at home (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.71). A primary care electrocardiogram (14 patients, 10.2%) reduced the thrombolytic delay (RR 8.81, 95% CI 1.20–64.91) by reducing intrahospital delay. There were no differences between the groups for the thrombolysis proportion (67 patients, 48.9%).ConclusionsPatients with infarction seen in primary care reach hospital later. Calling and waiting for the doctor at home increases the thrombolytic delay. An electrocardiogram on the infarction patients who attend a health centre reduces thrombolytic delay by reducing intra-hospital delay