Localized corrosion of high performance metal alloys in an acid/salt environment

Various vacuum jacketed cryogenic supply lines at the Space Shuttle launch site at Kennedy Space Center use convoluted flexible expansion joints. The atmosphere at the launch site has a very high salt content, and during a launch, fuel combustion products include hydrochloric acid. This extremely corrosive environment has caused pitting corrosion failure in the thin walled 304L stainless steel flex hoses. A search was done to find a more corrosion resistant replacement material. The study focussed on 19 metal alloys. Tests which were performed include electrochemical corrosion testing, accelerated corrosion testing in a salt fog chamber, and long term exposure at a beach corrosion testing site. Based on the results of these tests, several nickel based alloys were found to have very high resistance to this corrosive environment. Also, there was excellent agreement between the electrochemical tests and the actual beach exposure tests. This suggests that electrochemical testing may be useful for narrowing the field of potential candidate alloys before subjecting samples to long term beach exposure

UN MODELO LÓGICO-FORMAL PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LOS ARGUMENTOS EMOCIONALES EN LOS PROCESOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DE ACUERDOS/ A LOGICAL-FORMAL MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF EMOTIONAL ARGUMENTS IN NEGOTIATION PROCESSES/ UM MODELO LÓGICO-FORMAL PARA O ESTUDO DOS ARGUMENTOS EMOCIONAIS NOS PROCESSOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO DE ACORDOS

Los argumentos son parte de un proceso comunicativo con el cual se trata de incidir en la acción de otros. Gilbert (1994) identifica cuatro modos de argumentación: el modo lógico, el modo emocional, el modo visceral y el modo kisceral. Siguiendo la línea de investigación en psicología computacional marcada por Ortony, Clore y Collins (1988) y el modelo de resolución de conflictos usando negociaciones basadas en argumentos propuesto por Jung y Tambe (2001), este trabajo presenta un modelo lógico-formal para el estudio de un modo concreto de argumentos emocionales dentro del contexto de formación de consensos enmarcado en un proceso de negociación/coordinación. Se discuten sus implicaciones en los modelos cognitivos emocionales basados en el proceso de apreciación/evaluación de la emoción

BIM Bamboo: a digital design framework for bamboo culms

For decades bamboo has been identified as one of the most promising alternatives to help reduce the rising demand for industrialised building materials in the global south but numerous technical, normative and cultural challenges have so far prevented its widespread use in construction. In response, significant resources are currently being invested in the development of standardised, highly processed structural bamboo components following the unsustainable model of mass industrialisation prevalent in the global north. As a counterpoint, this research re-examines the structural use of natural bamboo culms against the backdrop of the digital age and postulates a new design and fabrication framework to support the construction of high-quality, sustainable and resilient bamboo structures suitable for the twenty-first century. This framework is based on the principles of building information modelling and is focused on managing, as opposed to forcibly eliminating, the inherent variability of a natural structural element through modern three-dimensional scanning, digital modelling and robotic fabrication. This paper presents the conceptual details of this framework with a particular focus on Mexico, one of the largest emergent economies in the world, as a potential implementation platform

Accelerated aging effects on color and translucency of flowable composites

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on color and translucency parameter of composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable, shades A1, A3, White, Tetric EvoFlow, shades A1, A3, Bleach, and Filtek Z250 shades A1, A3, B1 were evaluated. Color and translucency were recorded using a spectrophotometer after 24-hour storage (baseline) and after accelerated aging. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Fisher\u27s PLSD intervals for comparisons among products and shades were 0.4, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4 for ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE*, respectively. The data showed significant ΔE* and ΔL* main effects for composite product and shades (p \u3c 0.001) and their interactions (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03), respectively. Tetric EvoFlow displayed the smallest aging-dependent color shift followed by Filtek Z250 and Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable. Accelerated aging did not significantly affected the composites for translucency (p \u3e 0.05). CONCLUSION: The effects of aging on color of resin composites were composite and shade dependent. Translucency was not affected by accelerated aging. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The effects of aging on color of resin composites were composite and shade dependent

The most recent burst of Star Formation in the Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1052

High-spatial resolution near-infrared (NIR) images of the central 24 x 24 arcsec^2 (~ 2 x 2 kpc^2) of the elliptical galaxy NGC 1052 reveal a total of 25 compact sources randomly distributed in the region. Fifteen of them exhibit Halpha luminosities an order of magnitude above the estimate for an evolved population of extreme horizontal branch stars. Their Halpha equivalent widths and optical-to-NIR spectral energy distributions are consistent with them being young stellar clusters aged < 7 Myr. We consider this to be the first direct observation of spatially resolved star-forming regions in the central kiloparsecs of an elliptical galaxy. The sizes of these regions are ~< 11 pc and their median reddening is E(B - V) ~ 1 mag. According to previous works, NGC 1052 may have experienced a merger event about 1 Gyr ago. On the assumption that these clusters are spreaded with similar density over the whole galaxy, the fraction of galaxy mass (5 x 10^{-5}) and rate of star formation (0.01 Msun/yr) involved, suggest the merger event as the possible cause for the star formation we see today.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter

Estudio de digénidos de peces marinos del sur de la Península Ibérica

Se han estudiado un total de 492 hospedadores pertenecientes a 72 especies de peces marinos, todos procedentes de la plataforma continental que bordea el sur de la Península Ibérica. Como resultado de este trabajo se han localizado en el aparato digestivo de estos hospedadores 39 especies de Digenea. De ellas, Stephanostomum bicoronatum, (Stossich, 1883) Manter, 1940, Parahemiurus merus, (Linton, 1910) Manter, 1940, Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953, Bacciger israelensis Fischtha1, 1980, Promnoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926, Haploporus benedenii (Stossich, 1887) Looss, 1902, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt, 1829) Looss, 1902, Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902, y Genolopa ampullacea Linton, 1910 se citan por primera vez en la península Ibérica. Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) Nasir y Díaz, 1971, Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901, Lecithochirium fusiforme Lühe, 1901, Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907 y Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899, en las costas de Andalucia. Stephanostomum minutum en el Mediterráneo peninsular. Wardulla capitel/ata (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926 y Deropristis inflata en el Atlántico peninsular. Además, con el presente trabajo se amplía considerablemente el espectro de hospedadores de algunas de las especies parásitas estudiadas. Así Halobatrachus didactylus es nuevo hospedador para Stephanostomum minutum (Looss, 1901) Manter, 1940, Anisocladium fallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1902 y Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1900. Bothus podas para Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901 y Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784) Looss, 1901. Solea sp. para Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) Nasir y Díaz, 1971. Trachinotus ovatus para Synaptobothrium caudiporum (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1907. Scorpaena scrofa para Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953. Belone belone para Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899. Dicentrarchus punctatus para Acanthostomum imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Gohar, 1934 y Bucephalus baeri Maillard, 1976. y Echiichthys vipera para Anisocladiumfallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1902 y Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1900A total of 492 host of72 diferent species ofmarine fishes were colleted from the Sourth Iberian Peninsula coast and their tract digest were examined. We have identified 39 species ofDigenea. Stephanostomum bicoronatum, (Stossich, 1883) Manter, 1940, Parahemiurus merus, (Linton, 1910) Manter, 1940, Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953, Bacciger israelensis Fischthal, 1980, Promnoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1819) Po che, 1926, Haploporus benedenii (Stossich, 1887) Looss, 1902, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt, 1829) Looss, 1902, Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902, and Genolopa ampullacea Linton, 1910, have not previously been reported from Iberian Peninsula. Furthermore, Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) Nasir y Díaz, 1971, Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901, Lecithochirium fusiforme Lühe, 1901, Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907 and Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899, are reported for the first time in Andalucian coast; Stephanostomum minutum in the spanish mediterranean coast and finally, Wardulla capitellata (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926 and Deropristis inflata in the Atlántic peninsular. In this paper, we have thoroughly widened the host range for sorne of the species here studied. So, Halobatrachus didactylus is a new host for Stephanostomum minutum (Looss, 1901) Manter, 1940, Anisocladiumfallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1902 and Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1900. Bothus podas for Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901 and Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784) Looss, 1901. Solea sp. for Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) Nasir y Díaz, 1971. Trachinotus ova tus for Synaptobothrium caudiporum (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1907. Scorpaena scrofa for Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953. Belone belone for Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899. Dicentrarchus punctatus for Acanthostomum imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Gohar, 1934 and Bucephalus baeri Maillard, 1976. Echiichthys vipera for Anisocladiumfallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1902 andAnisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 190

Spring Break travel: Motivations and behaviour in a Mexican destination

Spring break travel is a growing market and has become a relevant research object. Specifically, binge drinking, illicit drug use and high-risk sexual behaviour have become the focus of academic attention. Identifying such behaviour is relevant in designing policies for tourism management, particularly for the reduction of negative implications of such behaviours. This descriptive study aimed to identify the motivations, alcohol consumption, drug use and sexual behavioural patterns of spring break travellers in Acapulco, Mexico. Based on a quantitative approach, a total of 173 male and 112 female North American students were surveyed during spring break 2010. The study revealed that the party reputation of a destination is one of the main reasons for spring break travel. Binge drinking and the use of illegal drugs were reported by a significant number of students. Furthermore, high-risk sexual behaviour and the students’ self recognition of being at high risk of acquiring STDs appeared as relevant issues during the study

Flebotomos de las Islas Canarias (España)

La ausencla de datos acerca de la fauna de Phlebotominae en el archiplelago Canario, nos ha llevado B realizar iiltimnmente varlos muestreos en las lslas de Oran Canaria y Tenerlfe. Para los mencionados muestreos se emple6 siempre la técnica del papel adhesivo. En Oran Canaria. de un total de €dete estaciones, s610 hubo capturas en una de ellas En Tenerife se recolectaron ejemplares en un total de slete estaciones pero el numero de capturas fue muy bajo. Los caracteres de los ejemplares machos y hembras capturados son : Macho: Pompa genltal en el tercer Segmento abdominal. Filamentos genitales muy largos, que sobrepasan las valvas del pene. Estas son troncoc6nicas con prolongaci6n basa1 muy desarrollada de aspecto semilunar. El estilo (con cinco esplnasi, coxito y l6bulo lateral no presentan particularidad notable. Hembra: Faringe con tres zonas definidas: la posterior, más ancha que las dos anteriores, ocupa un tercio de esta estructura Espermateca tubullforme con paredes lisas y conductos espermáticos extremadamente largos; el cuerpo. ligeramente más ancho que los conductos, se continua en un cuello cuyo diámetro es similar al de la cabeza, la cual esta rodeada de una corona de pelos. Este conjunto de caracteres confieren a los eiemplares procedentes de las islas Canarias peculiaridades propia