Commissioning of CMS Forward Hadron Calorimeters with Upgraded Multi-anode PMTs and {\mu}TCA Readout

The high flux of charged particles interacting with the CMS Forward Hadron Calorimeter PMT windows introduced a significant background for the trigger and offline data analysis. During Long Shutdown 1, all of the original PMTs were replaced with multi-anode, thin window photomultiplier tubes. At the same time, the back-end electronic readout system was upgraded to {\mu}TCA readout. The experience with commissioning and calibration of the Forward Hadron Calorimeter is described as well as the {\mu}TCA system. The upgrade was successful and provided quality data for Run 2 data-analysis at 13 TeV

Threshold Effects on Inter-Sectoral Migration of U.S. Farm Labor

Labor and Human Capital,

Security in Wireless Sensor Networks: Issues and Challenges

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology that shows great promise for various futuristic applications both for mass public and military. The sensing technology combined with processing power and wireless communication makes it lucrative for being exploited in abundance in future. The inclusion of wireless communication technology also incurs various types of security threats. The intent of this paper is to investigate the security related issues and challenges in wireless sensor networks. We identify the security threats, review proposed security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks. We also discuss the holistic view of security for ensuring layered and robust security in wireless sensor networks.Comment: 6 page

SNOWMASS WHITE PAPER - SLHC Endcap 1.4<y<4 Hadron Optical Calorimetry Upgrades in CMS with Applications to NLC/T-LEP, Intensity Frontier, and Beyond

Radiation damage in the plastic scintillator and/or readout WLS fibers in the HE endcap calorimeter 1.4<y<4 in the CMS experiment at LHC and SLHC will require remediation after 2018. We describe one alternative using the existing brass absorber in the Endcap calorimeter, to replace the plastic scintillator tiles with BaF2 tiles, or quartz tiles coated with thin(1-5 micron) films of radiation-hard pTerphenyl(pTP) or the fast phosphor ZnO:Ga. These tiles would be read-out by easily replaceable arrays of straight, parallel WLS fibers coupled to clear plastic-cladded quartz fibers of proven radiation resistance. We describe a second alternative with a new absorber matrix extending to 1.4<y<4 in a novel Analog Particle Flow Cerenkov Compensated Calorimeter, using a dual readout of quartz tiles and scintillating (plastic, BaF2, or pTP/ ZnO:Ga thin film coated quartz, or liquid scintillator) tiles, also using easily replaceable arrays of parallel WLS fibers coupled to clear quartz transmitting fibers for readout. An Analog Particle Flow Scintillator-Cerenkov Compensated Calorimeter has application in NLC/T-LEP detectors and Intensity Frontier detectors

Propuesta de Juegos para contribuir a la Educación Ambiental de los educandos del primer ciclo desde la clase de Educación Física.

Environmental Education is a continuous educational process that seeks to be sustainable, form and modify attitudes objectively about the global reality of the environment, both natural and social. With this work it is intended to contribute to environmental education from the teaching-learning process of Physical Education, considering that the subject has the characteristics to form environmental values, the proposal is specified in a set of games that favor the formation of values and at the same time learn in a fun way.La Educación Ambiental es un proceso educativo continuo que persigue ser sostenible, formar y modificar actitudes de forma objetiva sobre la realidad global del medio, tanto natural como social. Con este trabajo se pretende contribuir a la educación ambiental desde el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje de la Educación Física al considerar que la asignatura cuenta con las características para formar valores medio ambientales, la propuesta se concreta en un conjunto de juegos para que favorecen la formación de valores y a su vez aprender de una forma divertida

Radiation Damage and Recovery Properties of Common Plastics PEN (Polyethylene Naphthalate) and PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Using a 137Cs Gamma Ray Source Up To 1 MRad and 10 MRad

Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyethylene teraphthalate (PET) are cheap and common polyester plastics used throughout the world in the manufacturing of bottled drinks, containers for foodstuffs, and fibers used in clothing. These plastics are also known organic scintillators with very good scintillation properties. As particle physics experiments increase in energy and particle flux density, so does radiation exposure to detector materials. It is therefore important that scintillators be tested for radiation tolerance at these generally unheard of doses. We tested samples of PEN and PET using laser stimulated emission on separate tiles exposed to 1 MRad and 10 MRad gamma rays with a 137Cs source. PEN exposed to 1 MRad and 10 MRad emit 71.4% and 46.7% of the light of an undamaged tile, respectively, and maximally recover to 85.9% and 79.5% after 5 and 9 days, respectively. PET exposed to 1 MRad and 10 MRad emit 35.0% and 12.2% light, respectively, and maximally recover to 93.5% and 80.0% after 22 and 60 days, respectively

The SLHC Program and CMS Hadron Calorimeter Upgrades

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to provide 14 TeV center of mass energy with proton-proton collisions every 25 ns. After several years of running, the LHC will be upgraded to the super-LHC (SLHC), which will operate with 10 times higher luminosity (L = 10^35 cm^-2s^-1), thereby allowing new physics discoveries. The impact of the LHC luminosity upgrade on the CMS detector is discussed

Antecedents of Environmentally Sensitive Consumer Behaviors : an Investigation of Goal Framing Theory

Human behavior strongly impacts environmental quality. Altering behaviors that significantly affect the well-being of the environment can reduce the impact of human actions in a way that could help overcome environmental deterioration. However, this requires understanding the factors affecting consumer behavior towards acting in a more ecologically conscious manner. Further, the effects of these factors could vary based on the different types of consumer behaviors, such as environmentally sensitive purchase (acquisition), usage, and post-use (disposal) behaviors. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the predicting factors of different types of environmentally sensitive consumer behavior by examining the extent to which such behaviors towards ecological well-being are dependent on moral considerations, feelings, or self-interest motives. Study I, using the National Opinion Research Center 2010 General Social Survey data, identified different predictors for five types of environmentally sensitive behaviors, while pointing to the need for more psychological predictors. In Studies II, III, and IV, based on Goal Framing Theory (GFT), the explanatory values of the variables of three theories, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Value-Belief-Norm (VBN), and Theory on Affect (TA), which focus on gain motives, moral concerns, and hedonic motives, respectively, were compared with each other for three different pro-environmental consumer behaviors. The analysis of primary data collected through an online survey using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicate that GFT is an important framework in explaining the ecosensitive purchase, usage, and post-use behaviors of consumers. The findings suggest that values (biospheric, egoistic), environmental concern, awareness of consequences, subjective norms, attitudes towards behavior, affect, and especially intention seemed to be important predictors for all examined behaviors. While variables of the VBN seemed to have the greatest explanatory power for eco-sensitive purchase behavior, variables of the TPB seemed to have the greatest explanatory power for eco-sensitive post-use. Two types of usage behaviors, transportation and household energy use, were mostly explained by variables of the TA. Furthermore, transportation was explained by variables of the VBN. Results obtained from this study are important in developing better intervention strategies in order to alter the relevant environmentally harmful consumer behaviors. Such information will be critical to the development of necessary strategies and expansion of environmentally sensitive purchase, usage, and post-use behaviors