EFFECT OF CuO NANOPARTICLES ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN ECHINACEA PURPUREA IN VITRO.

This study was aimed to examin the effect of CuONPs on both seeds germination, seedling growth and comparing the method of soaking and adding to the culture medium, The research was implemented at PTC. Lab. College of Biotechnology - Al Nahrain University, during 2022 and 2023. The experimental design was factorial within CRD. It was included five experments and ten replicates (4X3). first experment  was by using Sodium Hypochlorite (0.0, 1, 2 and 3%) with (5, 10, 15min) duartion time. The second experment was CuONPs (0, 25, 50, 75mg,L‾¹ ) combined with (3,6,9 and 12 day) Time duration, same factors wre examined after soaking seeds with CuONPs which represented the third experment, fourth and fifth experments soaked before culture seeds were cultured respictively with CuONPs (0.0, 25, 50, 75mg,L‾¹ ) for 1hour then culturing them on MS media. Results showed full reduction in the contamination rate of the selected E. purpurea explant recorded in 3% sodium hypochlorite at 10 and 15min. the highest rate of seeds germination were a chieved with CuONPs of 50 mg, L‾¹ for 9 days rated 7.80 germinated seeds in MS media culture method, at the soaking method the results clarify the highest CuONPs 75 mg, L‾¹ combined with 6,9 and 12 days of soaking a chieved the highest germination rate 10.0 seeds (100% germination).The results also showed that 50% of CuONPs increases shoot numbers 8.6 explant and dry weight 198 mg. 25% of CuONPs achieve the best shoot length 14.5 cm. in seeds soaking results showed the best shoot Nu. 8.7, shoot length 9.7 cm. and dry weight 204 mg. when seeds was soaked in 75 mg, L‾¹ of CuONPs

INCREASING SOME FLAVONOIDS COMPOUNDS FOR ECHINACEA PURPUREA L. USING COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN VITRO.

This study was aimed to increase some flavonoids active compounds production in Echinacea purpurea seedlings through plant seeds treatment with different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles that daignosed and characterized using AFM technique. This research was implemented at plant tissue culture labrotary  of College of biotechnology - Al Nahrain University, during the period of 2021 and 2023. The experiment designed factorial within CRD using three factors and ten replicates (3X3). Sodium hypochlorite concentration (S1, S2, S3, S4) (0.0, 1, 2, 3%) represented the first factor, treatment duartion time (T1, T2, T3) (5, 10, 15min) represented the  second factor and copper oxide nanoparticles concentrations (C1, C2, C3, C4) (0.0, 25, 50, 75mg/ml) represented the  third factor. Results showed that the full reduction in the contamination rate of the selected E. purpurea explant recorded in 3% sodium hypochlorite at 10 and 15min. The results also showed that there were a significant increase in the shoots numbers in 50mg/ml CuNPs that recording the highest shoots numbers, the shoot length increased significantly within the 25mg/ml recording 13.5cm then decreased in 50 and 75 mg/ml and the seedlings dry weight increased significantly up to 50mg/ml CuNPs that recording the highest seddlings dry weight, then the seedlings dry weight also decreased significantly in 75mg/ml  CuNPs. Also, all the analyzed flavonoids compounds using HPLC device as Echinolone,  Humulene, Coumarin, Myricetin, Heperidin and Naringin concentrations were significantly increased in 50 and 75 mg/L-1 Cu ONPs, except the  Humulene and Coumarin compound that significantly decreased in 75 mg/L-1 Cu ONPs in comparsion to the control

Smartphone’s off grid communication network by using Arduino microcontroller and microstrip antenna

After a major disaster, the present communication system fails in providing the services in the affected area. No means of communication proves to be more dangerous as the rescue and relief operations become more difficult. Our current research is about establishing a network in such a disaster-prone area, which would facilitate to communicate and carry out the rescue missions. This research project used Java to create a fire-chat application and used it with the smartphone android system. It used Bluetooth model HC-05 linked with Arduino UNO by the SPI interface to connect Arduino with the smartphone. The FR-model HCW69 connected with Arduino by using UART to transceiver the message. The microstrip antenna 915 MHz connected with the FR-model HCW69 to give us more distance. The maximum effective range of the transceiver was 1 kilometer, to communicate by forming a mesh network. This application is helpful in the case when the smartphone is out of service; it (smartphone) can be communicated connected to the other nearby users with a message

Statistical modeling of monthly streamflow using time series and artificial neural network models: Hindiya Barrage as a case study

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Box-Jenkins models combine the autoregressive and moving average models to a stationary time series after the appropriate transformation, while the nonlinear autoregressive (N.A.R.) or the autoregressive neural network (ARNN) models are of the kind of multi-layer perceptron (M.L.P.), which compose an input layer, hidden layer and an output layer. Monthly streamflow at the downstream of the Euphrates River (Hindiya Barrage) /Iraq for the period January 2000 to December 2019 was modeled utilizing ARIMA and N.A.R. time series models. The predicted Box-Jenkins model was ARIMA (1,1,0) (0,1,1), while the predicted artificial neural network (N.A.R.) model was (M.L.P. 1-3-1). The results of the study indicate that the traditional Box-Jenkins model was more accurate than the N.A.R. model in modeling the monthly streamflow of the studied case. Performing a one-step-ahead forecast during the year 2019, the forecast accuracy between the forecasted and recorded monthly streamflow for both models was as follows: the Box-Jenkins model gave root mean squared error (RMSE = 48.7) and the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.801), while the (NAR) model gave (RMSE = 93.4) and R2 = 0.269). Future projection of the monthly stream flow through the year 2025, utilizing the Box-Jenkins model, indicated the existence of long-term periodicity

Comparisons of pi and ann controllers for shunt hpf based on stf-pq algorithm under distorted grid voltage

This paper proposes a shunt hybrid power filter (HPF) for harmonic currents and reactive power compensation under a distorted voltage and in a polluted environment. For this purpose, the reference current of the shunt HPF is computed based on the instantaneous reactive power (p-q) theory with self-tuning filter (STF). In order to adjust the dc voltage as a reference value, PI and ANN controllers have been utilized. Moreover, the system has been implemented and simulated in a MATLAB-SIMULINK platform, and selected results are presented. Therefore, the results verified the good dynamic performance, transient stability and strong robustness of the ANN controller. Furthermore, the shunt HAPF with ANN controller has been found to be in agreement with the IEEE 519-1992 standard recommendations on harmonic levels

A scoping review of foot screening in adults with diabetes mellitus across Canada

Objectives Regular foot screening by a knowledgeable health provider is the cornerstone of ulcer and amputation prevention in people with diabetes. However, information on foot screening practices among Canadians with diabetes remains sparse. Therefore, we sought to synthesize available data on the frequency and approach to diabetic foot screening across Canada. Methods We conducted a scoping review by searching MEDLINE and Embase databases, alongside a grey literature search, for both English- and French-language reports. Data on patients’ demographics, setting as well as the frequency and approach to foot screening were abstracted. Title and abstract screening, full-text review and data abstraction were conducted in duplicate, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Results The search yielded 21 reports including information on diabetic foot screening practices in Canada. In a consolidated study sample of 13,388 Canadians with diabetes, 7,277 (53%) reported receiving a foot examination by a health-care provider at least once in the past year. The majority of reports did not provide information on the demographics of patients being screened or details on the approach to foot screening. No report mentioned the use of a triage algorithm applied to the results of foot screening. Conclusions In this work, we identified the limited frequency and uncertain quality of diabetic foot screening across Canada. Further research should focus on better understanding disparities and barriers to regular diabetic foot screening. Résumé Objectifs Le dépistage systématique du pied par un professionnel de la santé compétent est le pilier de la prévention de l’ulcère et de l’amputation chez les personnes diabétiques. Toutefois, l’information sur les pratiques de dépistage du pied chez les Canadiens diabétiques demeure fragmentaire. Par conséquent, nous avons cherché à faire la synthèse des données disponibles sur la fréquence et l’approche en matière de dépistage du pied diabétique au Canada. Méthodes Nous avons consulté les bases de données MEDLINE et Embase, ainsi que la littérature grise, en anglais et en français, pour réaliser l’étude de portée. Nous avons extrait les données démographiques sur les patients, le contexte ainsi que la fréquence et l’approche en matière de dépistage du pied. La vérification des titres et des résumés, l’examen du texte intégral et l’extraction des données ont été effectués en double par 2 membres indépendants, et les divergences, résolues par un 3e examinateur. Résultats La recherche a permis d’obtenir 21 rapports dans lesquels figurait l’information sur les pratiques de dépistage du pied diabétique au Canada. Dans l’échantillon consolidé d’une étude auprès de 13 388 Canadiens diabétiques, 7277 (53 %) ont signalé avoir eu un examen du pied par un professionnel de la santé au moins une fois au cours de la dernière année. La majorité des rapports n’ont fourni aucune information sur les données démographiques des patients qui avaient eu un dépistage ou des détails sur l’approche du dépistage du pied. Aucun rapport n’a mentionné l’utilisation d’un algorithme de triage appliqué aux résultats du dépistage du pied. Conclusions Dans ces travaux, nous avons relevé la fréquence limitée et la qualité incertaine du dépistage du pied diabétique au Canada. Des recherches plus approfondies devraient porter sur la meilleure compréhension des disparités et des obstacles en matière de dépistage systématique du pied diabétique

Breast cancer risk factors in Iran: A systematic review & Meta-analysis

Objectives: Breast cancer is known as one of the deadliest forms of cancer, and it is increasing globally. There are a variety of proven and controversial risk factors for this malignancy. Herein, we aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis focus on the epidemiology of breast cancer risk factors in Iran. Methods: We performed a systematic search via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Persian databases for identifying studies published on breast cancer risk factors up to March 2019. Meta-analyses were done for risk factors reported in more than one study. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed/random-effects models. Results: Thirty-nine studies entered into the meta-analysis. Pooling of ORs showed a significant harmful effect for risk factors including family history (OR: 1.80, 95CI 1.47-2.12), hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) (OR: 5.48, 95CI 0.84-1.74), passive smokers (OR: 1.68, 95CI 1.34-2.03), full-term pregnancy at age 30 (OR: 3.41, 95CI 1.19-5.63), abortion (OR: 1.84, 95CI 1.35-2.33), sweets consumption (OR: 1.71, 95CI 1.32-2.11) and genotype Arg/Arg (crude OR: 1.59, 95CI 1.07-2.10), whereas a significant protective effect for late menarche (OR: 0.58, 95CI 0.32-0.83), nulliparity (OR: 0.68, 95CI 0.39-0.96), 13-24 months of breastfeeding (OR: 0.68, 95CI 0.46-0.90), daily exercise (OR: 0.59, 95CI 0.44-0.73) and vegetable consumption (crude OR: 0.28, 95CI 0.10-0.46). Conclusions: This study suggests that factors such as family history, HRT, passive smokers, late full-term pregnancy, abortion, sweets consumption and genotype Arg/Arg might increase risk of breast cancer development, whereas late menarche, nulliparity, 13-24 months breastfeeding, daily exercise and vegetable consumption had an inverse association with breast cancer development. © 2020 Amir Shamshirian et al., published by De Gruyter

Economic impact of infections and antibiotics

In this chapter, we review several aspects with respect to the burden of infectious diseases, its impact in morbidity and mortality, and its economic burden. Furthermore, we referenced the actual situation with relation to the use of antimicrobial, the resistance problem and misuse of antibiotic, and the economic impact in the health systems

Silent cerebral infarct after cardiac catheterization as detected by diffusion weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: a randomized comparison of radial and femoral arterial approaches

Background and objective: Cerebral microembolism detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) occurs systematically during cardiac catheterization, but its clinical relevance, remains unknown. Studies suggest that asymptomatic embolic cerebral infarction detectable by diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI might exist after percutaneous cardiac interventions with a frequency as high as 15 to 22% of cases. We have set up, for the first time, a prospective multicenter trial to assess the rate of silent cerebral infarction after cardiac catheterization and to compare the impact of the arterial access site, comparing radial and femoral access, on this phenomenon. Study design: This prospective study will be performed in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. To assess the occurrence of cerebral infarction, all patients will undergo cerebral DW-MRI and neurological assessment within 24 hours before, and 48 hours after cardiac catheterization and retrograde catheterization of the aortic valve. Randomization for the access site will be performed before coronary angiography. A subgroup will be monitored by transcranial power M-mode Doppler during cardiac catheterization to observe cerebral blood flow and track emboli. Neuropsychological tests will also be recorded in a subgroup of patients before and after the interventional procedures to assess the impact of silent brain injury on potential cognitive decline. The primary end-point of the study is a direct comparison of ischemic cerebral lesions as detected by serial cerebral DW-MRI between patients explored by radial access and patients explored by femoral access. Secondary end-points include comparison of neuropsychological test performance and number of microembolism signals observed in the two groups. Implications: Using serial DW-MRI, silent cerebral infarction rate will be defined and the potential influence of vascular access site will be evaluated. Silent cerebral infarction might be a major concern during cardiac catheterization and its potential relationship to cognitive decline needs to be assessed. Study registration: The SCIPION study is registered through National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trials registry and has been assigned the Identifier: NCT 00329979