Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) future development: a comprehensive review on customer retention programme in retaining customer loyalty

No AbstractKeywords: small and medium enterprises (SMEs); customer retention program; loyalty;  advantage card; monetary rewar

Maturing pattern for body weight, body length and height at withers of Jamnapari and Boer goats

The objective of this study was to examine the growth pattern of three size measurements, namely body weight, body length, and height at withers of Jamnapari and Boer goats reared under common semi-intensive environment in Johor, Malaysia. Cross-sectional data of the above measurements of 234 Jamnapari and 312 Boer female goats (age ranged from 6 to 54 months) were used to fit Gompertz and von Bertalanffy growth curve models for the estimation of mature size, constant of integration, and maturing rate for the three size measurements. Jamnapari and Boer female goats were found to be significantly different (p<0.05) in term of their mature weight (52.19 and 58.23 kg, respectively, for the Gompertz model and 53.89 and 59.31 kg, respectively, for the von Bertalanffy model). The estimates of height at maturity were significantly larger (p<0.05) for the Jamnapari than Boer females. Although the maturing rate for body weight of the Jamnapari and Boer goats was not different, but their rates of maturing for body length and height at withers were found to be significantly different (p<0.05). The correlation coefficients between the mature size and rate of maturing for their body weight, body length, and height at withers were negative, implying that goats of larger size measurements tended to have a slower growth rate in relation to their mature size

Recent Trends on Dual- and Triple-Band Microwave Filters for Wireless Communications

In the past few years, several designs of dual- and triple-band microwave filters satisfying various objectives have been proposed for wireless communication. Several designs are new concepts, whereas others are inspired from previous works. The development trends of these designs can be reviewed from this compilation of studies. This paper begins with an explanation of dual- and triple-band microwave filters, followed by a discussion on several designs in terms of size, measurement, performance, and technology use. Among various designs, microstrip band-pass filters are extensively used because of their simple design procedures and because they can be integrated into circuits easily. Furthermore, most researchers use low frequencies in their designs because of the demands of current wireless applications. Finally, designs are proposed to produce compact microwave filters with good performance

Perancangan Strategi Penyerangan pada Robot Sepak Bola

Strategi menyerang atau bertahan merupakan dasar strategi dalam robot sepak bola. Keberhasilan suatu tim robot sepak bola dipengaruhi oleh keberhasilan pemain robot untuk memasukkan bola ke dalam gawang lawan. Strategi menyerangan merupakan faktor utama penentu keberhasilan tim robot sepak bola untuk memenangkan setiap pertandingan. Dalam penelitian ini kami akan membuat perancangan strategi penyerangan yang dipergunakan dan diimplementasikan dalam keadaan yang sesungguhnya. Perancangan strategi tersebut membagikan kawasan lapangan menjadi beberapa kawasan kecil dan 2 kawasan utama, dimana setiap kawasan tersebut akan memberikan aksi yang berbeda. Untuk 2 (dua) kawasan utama serta menentukan strategi mana yang akan dipilih, baik melakukan penyerangan ataupun bertahan. Pada saat kondisi bertahan maka strategi penyerangan menjadi tidak aktif dan robot-robot akan menjaga kawasan pertahanan untuk menghindari masuknya bola ke dalam gawang. Kondisi yang lain akan berganti apabila bola berada pada kawasan lawan, strategi penyerangan menjadi aktif dan semua robot akan memposisikan untuk mendukung proses penyerangan kepihak lawan. Kondisi tersebut akan selalu berganti mengikuti posisi. Dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu rancangan strategi penyerangan dalam bentuk diagram alir untuk memudahkan pemrogram starategi untuk mengimplementasikan kedalam keadaan yang sesungguhnya

Mitochondrial barcodes of dragonflies and damselflies originated from Taman Negara Endau Rompin, Johor, Malaysia

Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonates) are important biological indicators in freshwater ecosystems. However, identification among Odonates is often challenging due to their similar morphological features. Therefore, the incorporation of morphological identification by taxonomists and validation using mitochondrial barcodes such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) can be a more reliable approach to enhance the accuracy in species identification. In this study, four COI barcodes for Malaysian dragonflies (Neurothemis fluctuans) and damselflies (Neurobasis chinensis, Aristocypha fenestrella and Sundacypha petiolata) were generated. Three of the generated barcodes (D2 COI, D4 COI and D5 COI) supported the species identified by taxonomists meanwhile D3 COI deduced that the damselfly species was misidentified due to the very similar morphology between the same genus of damselfly. All of the COI barcodes are now available in the GenBank with the accession numbers of MT266926.1 (D2 COI), MT266925.1 (D3 COI), MT269676.1 (D4 COI) and MT266924.1 (D5 COI)

Algoritma Strategi Untuk Menghindari Rintangan Pada Robot Sepak Bola

Robot sepak bola merupakan domain yang menarik untuk di kaji pada bidang robot otonom oleh para peneliti dan mahasiswa. Namun demikian untuk pengembangan (penulisan program, pengujian, dan debugging) robot dalam domain tersebut merupakan tugas yang tidak mudah. Makalah ini berkonsentrasi pada pengembangan posisi dan algoritma untuk menghindari rintangan pada robot sepak bola. Pada tahapan ini dikembangkan strategi dalam robot sepak bola seperti pergerakan dasar, tendangan ke arah gawang, dan pergerakan penjaga gawang. Formulasi yang digunakan untuk memposisikan dan menghindari rintangan pada robot sepak bola didasarkan pada pendekatan matematik. Formula ini dipergunakan untuk memastikan bahwa gerakan robot adalah tepat dan sesuai pada sasaran. Kecepatan pergerakan robot dihitung untuk mengatur ketepatan robot dalam menghindari rintangan yang ada. Teori mengenai pengaturan posisi dan koordinat robot (x,y) digunakan untuk menemukan rintangan dan menghindarinya. Penelitian ini mempergunakan simulasi dan pengujian untuk mengevaluasi penerapan algoritma yang dibuat. Fungsi untuk menendang, pergerakan obyek, dan menghindari rintangan telah berhasil dilaksanakan. Hasil yang didapatkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai bagian strategi dalam kompetisi robot sepak bola secara keseluruhan

Characterization of bio fouling in membrane bioreactor

Biofouling that formed in membrane bioreactor impacted the performance of membrane bioreactor. This study investigates the impact of biofouling in terms of the concentration of soluble microbial product on the characteristics and the fouling potential of lab scale membrane bioreactor. The performance of membrane bioreactor reduced significantly with reduction in the initial flux, and dramatic transformation in surface morphology and roughness occurred. The small size of residual organic substances further facilitates membrane fouling by pore blockage. It can be concluded that SMP influence fouling under certain condition of membrane bioreactor

Mitochondrial barcodes of dragonflies and damselflies originated from Taman Negara Endau Rompin, Johor, Malaysia

Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonates) are important biological indicators in freshwater ecosystems. However, identification among Odonates is often challenging due to their similar morphological features. Therefore, the incorporation of morphological identification by taxonomists and validation using mitochondrial barcodes such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) can be a more reliable approach to enhance the accuracy in species identification. In this study, four COI barcodes for Malaysian dragonflies (Neurothemis fluctuans) and damselflies (Neurobasis chinensis, Aristocypha fenestrella and Sundacypha petiolata) were generated. Three of the generated barcodes (D2 COI, D4 COI and D5 COI) supported the species identified by taxonomists meanwhile D3 COI deduced that the damselfly species was misidentified due to the very similar morphology between the same genus of damselfly. All of the COI barcodes are now available in the GenBank with the accession numbers of MT266926.1 (D2 COI), MT266925.1 (D3 COI), MT269676.1 (D4 COI) and MT266924.1 (D5 COI)

Position and Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm in Robot Soccer

Problem statement: Robot soccer is an attractive domain for researchers and students working in the field of autonomous robots. However developing (coding, testing and debugging) robots for such domain is a rather complex task. Approach: This study concentrated on developing position and obstacle avoidance algorithm in robot soccer. This part is responsible for realizing soccer skills such as movement, shoot and goal keeping. The formulation of position and obstacle avoidance was based on mathematical approach. This formula is to make sure that the movement of the robot is valid. Velocity of the robot was calculated to set the speed of the robot. The positioning theory including the coordination of the robot (x,y) was used to find the obstacle and avoid it. Results: Some simulations and testing had been carried out to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed algorithms. The functions for shooting, movement and obstacle avoidance had been successfully implemented. Conclusion: The results showed its possibility could be used as strategy algorithms in real robot soccer competition