Extension des trématodoses du bétail après la construction des barrages dans le bassin du fleuve Sénégal

Après la mise en service du barrage de Diama (1985-86) et la multiplication des aménagements hydro-agricoles, il a été constaté au niveau du bassin du fleuve Sénégal un développement des trématodoses animales, particulièrement la fasciolose à #Fasciola gigantica#, les schistosomoses à #Schistosoma bovis# et à #S. curassoni# et la paramphistomose à #Paramphistomum# sp. Cette situation épidémiologique des trématodoses chez le bétail s'est manifestée par une augmentation des prévalences au niveau d'anciens foyers (Richard-Toll, Ross-Béthio, Mbane et Keur Momar Sarr). Les taux d'infestation chez les bovins sont passés de 11 à 27 p. 100, de 20 à 30 p. 100 et de 15 à 27 p. 100 respectivement pour la fasciolose, la paramphistomose et la schistosomose. Chez les petits ruminants qui semblaient être épargnés, des prévalences de 2 à 62 p. 100 pour la fasciolose ont été enregistrées, alors que la paramphistomose, plus fréquente, avait un taux de 25 à 30 p. 100. Parallèlement, à partir de 1989-1990 de nouveaux foyers de trématodoses sont apparus : d'une part, au niveau du delta à Tilène, Pont Gendarme et Takhembeut avec des prévalences de 3 à 20 p. 100, 4 à 20 p. 100 et 5 à 36 p. 100 respectivement pour fa fasciolose, la schistosomose et la paramphistomose ; d'autre part, au niveau du lac de Guiers à Temeye, Thiago et Senda avec des prévalences de 5 à 86 p. 100, 5 à 11 p. 100 et 5 à 33 p. 100 respectivement pour la fasciolose, la schistosomose et la paramphistomos

Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale

Drought is a multiform constraint whose impact on the vegetal metabolism is very variable according to its duration, intensity and phenological stage of the vegetal development where it occurs. Thus, the plant resistance is expressed at different plant organisation levels. The present study was aimed at integrating knowledge generated by experiments carried out in Senegal on groundnut within the framework of a breeding programme geared towards improving groundnut yield under drought conditions. Three studies involved in the breeding work, are presented. The first chapter analyses an incomplete half-diallel cross performed on an original population under recurrent selection for drought adaptation. The study confirmed the weak heritability of yields but concludes that the best predictor of pod-yield was the pod-yield itself. By contrast, the study of the genetic correlations showed that a selection for high haulm-yield could lead to poor pod-maturity under drought constraint. The selection indices were performed and used to estimate genetic gains relative to the main agronomic characters according to selection pressure. The second chapter covers the genetic variability of phenological, agronomic and physiological characters studied in two series of quasi-isogenic early lines. It has indicated that genetic variability was expressed in these lines despite its closeness. Some correlations between yield and physiological parameters, i.e. mainly fluorescence parameters, were significant but not stable across lines and environments showing that groundnut have different drought adaptation strategies according to genetic background and drought pattern. This work was pursued at the molecular level with three reference cvs involving the both recurrent parents of the precedent study. The gene transcript kinetics under drought, obtained using RT-PCR, showed that Phospolipase D and Cysteine protease gene expressions were stimulated by stress in the most susceptible cultivars, whereas their was higher LEA gene expression in the resistant one. These interconnected experiments conducted at different plant organisation levels led to the development of a general methodological model and of new improved genotypes to meet the social demand. (Résumé d'auteur

Assessment of the side effects of progestogen only contraception in the immediate postpartum period: the case of implants with levonorgestrel Jadelle®

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the side effects of Jadelle® implants in the immediate postpartum.Methods: To do this, we inserted the implants at two different postpartum period: first, between the first and the seventh day for the immediate postpartum period (IPP) group; second, between the 45th and the 3rd postpartum months for the late postpartum (LPP) group. The variables studied were age, gesture, parity, abortions, number of live children, childbirth, caesarean section, quality of milky climb, age last child, pregnancy-attendant, pregnancy term at time of delivery, complaints, weight.Results: From May 2012 to December 2013, we collected two hundred patients, one hundred from each group (immediate postpartum and late postpartum). The average age of mothers in the IPP group was 28 years and 29 years for LPP group. After insertion, in both group, spotting were the most frequent complaints. The weight variations were between +800 g and -600 g for the group IPP and +260 g and -170 g for the other group; which makes a statistically significant difference. In both groups, at the end of the six months, no patient had menstruation.Conclusions: Our results are encouraging to further promote contraception in the immediate postpartum period in developing countries and thus reach a wide range of users. We can therefore say that the side effects are not different during this period and largely are also tolerated

Screening cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] varieties by inducing water deficit and RAPD analyses

The effects of water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol-6000 on some cowpea varieties, which belong to the national germplasm in Senegal are reported. Our results showed that, the length of the epicotyl was not affected by water deficit but the length of primary root was influenced only in Mouride variety. Water deficit influenced mostly the number of lateral roots. The 985 variety showed a great increase of its lateral root numbers and could be considered a drought tolerant variety. In contrast, the IT81D-1137 variety is very sensitive to water deficit because its lateral root number were reduced 3.8 fold compared to the control. These physiological studies were complemented by analyzing the genetic diversity of these varieties with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The RAPD analysis suggested that the samples were also genetically diverse. Key Words: Vigna unguiculata, drought tolerance, PEG, RAPD. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(3) 2004: 174-17

Hernies Ombilicales Étranglées De L’enfant Au Centre Hospitalier Régional De Ziguinchor (Sénégal)

The umbilical hernia is a well-known pathology even though, its strangulation has been subject to much controversy. The aim of this work is to report our experience in the management of strangulated hernia of the child at the Ziguinchor regional hospital and to compare our results with those of the literature through a retrospective and descriptive study over a four years period. During the study period 24 patients with high male predominance were received. The mean age of the patients was 2.1 years. 45% of patients had a chronic cough. The average time for consultation was 27.6 hours. A notion of abdominal abrupt was found in 45% of the cases. The vast majority of patients arrived at the hospital during the dry season. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the main symptoms. An occlusive syndrome was present in about half of the patients. The diameter of the collar of the hernia varied between 1.5 and 2.5 cm and no intestinal necrosis was found during exploration. The surgery was simple in the majority of cases. Umbilical hernia is a reality in under-developed environment some factors promotes its complications

Practice of diagnostic hysteroscopy after myomectomy in the prevention of intrauterine adhesions: experience of Ouakam military hospital (Dakar, Senegal)

Background: Surgical treatment of myomas may be the cause of some complications, including intrauterine adhesions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of intrauterine adhesions in patients who underwent myomectomy by laparotomy or hysteroscopic resection.Methods: We carried out a prospective single center study from August 1st 2016 to May 31st 2017 in the gynaecological and obstetrical department of Ouakam the Military Hospital (Senegal). We included patients who underwent myomectomy by laparotomy with opening of the uterine cavity or myomectomy by hysteroscopy. A diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed to search post-operative intrauterine adhesions. For each patient, we studied the socio-demographic aspects, the surgical approach, the delay of diagnostic hysteroscopy, the appearance of uterine cavity and the tolerance of hysteroscopy.Results: 54 patients underwent the diagnostic hysteroscopy. The mean age was 36 years old. The main indication of myomectomy was menorrhagia. 37 patients underwent myomectomy by laparotomy and 17 by hysteroscopy. Each case was followed by a post-operative diagnostic hysteroscopy with a mean delay time of 58 days. We found post-operative intrauterine adhesions in 7 patients (5 in the laparotomy group and 2 in hysteroscopy group).Conclusions: Early diagnostic hysteroscopy after myomectomy should be done in our context to reduce post-operative intrauterine adhesions and preserve the patient’s fertility

Efficacité du rechargement de la plage de Pilote Bar (Saint-Louis) après une décennie d'érosion

L'ouverture d'une brèche dans la bande de sable de la Langue de Barbarie à Saint Louis (Sénégal) en 2004 a eu des conséquences sur l'étendue du bief fleuve-mer du Gandiolais. En effet, les zones en face de la brèche deviennent très vulnérables à l'action des vagues dévastatrices de la Grande Côte. La décision d'une protection douce par envasement a été prix pour protéger le village de Pilote Bar des risques d'érosion et de submersion marine. Cette première expérience au Sénégal a eu des résultats positifs. La recharge de la plage du Pilote Bar a favorisé la formation d'un lagon. Une sédimentation et une augmentation de la hauteur des pentes des plages voisines ont également été observées.Les courants mesurés par l'ADCP RIVER 1200 kW, présentent un fonctionnement normal caractéristique d'une zone fluvio-maritime.   This work presents the results of a morpho-dynamic and sedimentological monitoring after beach nourishment and the consecutive formation of a lagoon. Topographic measurements have allowed determining the origin of the sediments present in the lagoon. The movement of the sediments is from the high beach to the lagoon. The analysis of current velocities shows a normal functioning of a fluvio-maritime system with high velocities during the flood period and low velocities during the ebb. Particle size analysis shows that fine-grained sediments are deposited in the underwater part of the beach profile. This first experiment in Senegal had positive results. The recharging of the Pilote Bar beach has favoured the formation of a lagoon. Sedimentation and increase in the height of the slopes of the neighboring beaches were also observed. The currents measured by the ADCP RIVER 1200 kW, indicate a normal operation characteristic of a fluviomaritime zone

Migration of intrauterine device into the pelvic cavity: exploration strategy and management in African environment

IUD migration is a rare complication. We report our experience in the treatment of five cases of uterine perforation and migration of IUDs. The average age of patients was 34.6 years, an average parity was 4. All patients felt an unusual pain during insertion of the IUD Tcu 380A. The location of the IUD was done through ultrasound and hysterography. Removal by laparoscopy was performed in all cases. The immediate impacts of the surgery were simple. Hysterography has its place in the location of the migrated IUD. Prevention is a good IUD insertion technique

Pseudo tumor tuberculosis of the uterine cervix: about a case at the colposcopy and cervico vaginal pathologies unit of the University hospital Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal

Tuberculosis is still common in developing countries and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa since the advent of the HIV/AIDS. Genital tuberculosis usually affects young women in genital activity period. The most frequent locations are tubal, endometrial and ovarian. The cervical location is rare. We report on the case of a 36 years old patient with eight pregnancies and eight deliveries who lives in a rural area and has got in her history 8 vaginal deliveries with four living children and 4 dead children and who was referred by a colleague for a "tumor of the uterine cervix". In her medical history, there was a BCG vaccination during childhood and she had never received Pap smear. The colposcopy revealed an ulcerating budding tumor of the cervix with necrotic areas. The colposcopy biopsy revealed fibrocaseous tuberculosis of the uterine cervix. Tuberculosis is still a common disease in developing countries. The cervical localization is rare but should be considered in case of an ulcerating tumor budding of the cervix

Assessment of the quality of the management of childbirth by vaginal delivery in 5 reference maternity clinics in Dakar, Senegal

Background: The current strategy to fight maternal and perinatal mortalities is mainly based on three pillars: family planning, skilled delivery and emergency obstetric and neonatal cares. The objective of the study was to assess the quality of the management of low-risk deliveries in 5 reference maternity clinics in the region of Dakar.             Methods: This is an observation-based multicentric, prospective and descriptive study, carried out over a four-month period, from September 1st to December 31st, 2012, in 5 reference maternity hospitals in the region of Dakar. For each delivery, the focus was put on parturient socio-demographic features, the surveillance techniques of the labour, the handling of the exit and delivery phases, materno-fetal complications but also on the new-born care. To assess the quality of childbirth management, a comparison between the practices was made and observed on the field and the World Health Organization's recommendations which fall into 4 categories (A, B, C and D) depending on the appropriateness or not of their use. For data input and analysis, we used the 13.0 version of the SPSS software. Results: During the study period, 200 childbirths were observed. The epidemiologic profile used for this study was that of a literate woman with a low record of childbirth who was 27 on average with a mean parity of 3. Forty seven percent of childbirth deliveries were observed in Roi Baudouin hospital centre. The A-category recommendations of the World Health Organization, such as the consumption of drinks, mobility during labour, the use of a partograph, the active management of the third stage of labour (AMTSL) and the examination of the placenta were applied in 22.5%, 86.2%, 23.4%, 100% and 23.4% of cases respectively. As for the B-category recommendations, which recommend the removal of those practices deemed harmful such as the back position during labour, the placement of an intravenous line and the oxytocin infusion, they were carried out in 91.84%, 98.08% and 7.28% of cases respectively. C and D categories which deal with non-recommended practices such as the use of abdominal expressions during labour and episiotomy were used in 47.6% and 39.7% of cases respectively.Conclusions: In our study, the most followed A-category recommendations from the WHO are: encouraged mobility, the use of single-use equipment, AMTSL and skin-on-skin contact. However, some B, C and D-category practices are still widely used in our maternity hospitals. The health authorities should make sure that the WHO recommendations are followed