Prevalence of endo-parasites of common tree frog (Rana Saharica) from Misurata, Libya

The current study was conducted to detect the prevalence of parasitic infection among (62) common tree frogs (Rana Saharica), of different ages, with weights ranged between 1 and 25g. Results: The results revealed that 61 (98%) out of 62 examined common frogs were infected with endo-parasites. The prevalence of infection with protozoal was (86.4%) and (80%) for helminthes, while the mixed infection with both was 65%. Furthermore, the nematodes (75.5%) were the most prevalent helminthes, also helminthes mixed infection in a single host was reported. Rhabiditis spp., Ophiotaenia ranae, Glypthelmins quieta, Corynosoma spp. were Recovered from the digestive tract of common tree frogs, whereas, the Oplina ranarum and Copromonas subtillis the most prevalent protozoan species were detected from the common frogs. From the parasitic fauna seen in this study and from the statistical analysis, there were significant differences (P=0.05) between the weight of hosts and the density of infection

PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC CONTAMINATION OF LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES IN MISURATA, LIBYA

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of parasitic contamination in leafy green (lettuce and rocket) vegetables, samples of which were taken up from different regions of Misurata, Libya. A total of 112 raw vegetable samples randomly selected from farms and markets were subsequently examined by a concentration method and then assayed by light microscopy. It was found that 56.3% of the green vegetables were contaminated with different intestinal parasites, the parasites included cysts of Giardia spp., Enatmeaba histolytic a, Entameaba coli , Coccidia spp. oocysts, Balantidium coli and eggs of Hymenolepis nana., Ascaris lumbricoides., Toxocara spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichius trichura and Trichostronylus spp. The highest rate of contamination was detected in rocket (64.3%) while contamination was lower in green lettuce (48.2%). Toxocara spp. eggs were the highest prevalent parasite detected in green vegetables (27%) with the highest score density found in the rocket. Toxocara was followed by Entameaba coli cysts (24%), Coccidia spp. Oocysts (22%), Enatmeaba histolytica cysts (19%), Giardia spp. cysts (10%), and Hymenolepis nana eggs (8%). There were lesser rates of contamination from the parasites Strongyloides spp., Trichius trichura and Trichostronylus spp. There was no significant difference between single and mixed contamination of rocket and lettuce P>0.05. However, there was a statistical difference between protozoa and helminths contamination of rocket and lettuce (P≤0.01). We conclude these findings may have important implications for global food safety and confirm that green vegetables are a point of transmission of intestinal parasites to humans and so are a threat to public health in Misurata, Libya

Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and DNA in Raw Milk of Various Ruminants in Egypt.

The prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in raw milk samples was estimated in different ruminants and Egyptian governorates. Of 13 bulk milk samples tested by ELISA, five (38.5%) were positive for antibodies to N. caninum, and two samples were additionally positive for antibodies to T. gondii, resulting in a seroprevalence of 15.4% for both T. gondii and co-infection. In individual milk samples (n = 171) from the same bulks, antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 25.7%, to T. gondii in 14%, and 3.5% had antibodies to both parasites. A strong correlation between the OD values of the bulk samples and of the relevant individual milk samples was found for T. gondii (Pearson r = 0.9759) and moderately strong for N. caninum (Pearson r = 0.5801). Risk factor assessment for individual milk samples revealed that antibodies to T. gondii were significantly influenced by animal species, while no risk factors were detected for N. caninum antibodies. Additionally, DNA of N. caninum was detected in a bulk milk sample of cattle for the first time in Egypt, and DNA of T. gondii was found in bulk milk samples of cattle, sheep and goats. This is the first study in Egypt in which bulk milk samples of different ruminants were tested for the presence of N. caninum and T. gondii antibodies and DNA. Both individual and bulk milk samples are useful tools for monitoring antibody response to N. caninum and T. gondii infections in different ruminants in Egypt

An in vitro evaluation of the inhibitory effects of an aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica on Eimeria tenella.

Eimeria tenella is one of the most important species of Eimeria that infect domestic fowl, causing coccidiosis in the poultry industry associated with drastic economic loss. Alternative treatment options are often necessary since anticoccidial drugs are prohibitively expensive, have serious side effects, or develop resistance. The role that herbal therapy plays in basic healthcare has been rediscovered worldwide. Consequently, our research assessed the in vitro inhibitory effect of escalated concentrations (6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg/ml) of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract (ANAE) on Eimeria tenella sporulation. Statistical analysis revealed that ANAE decreased the percentage of oocyst sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ANAE showed abnormal sporulation and morphological deterioration of E. tenella oocytes. Area Under the Curve (AUC) calculation was used to determine the efficacy of ANAE and revealed that ANAE concentrations significantly reduced the coccidial score index. At 100 mg/ml, ANAE completely suppressed the sporulation of E. tenella oocysts, with obvious changes to their morphology and size. The phytochemical analysis of ANAE has shown that ANAE contains several active principles that possess anthelmintic activities. These compounds include tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which can be attributed to the anticoccidial activity of ANAE. Considering our findings, we recommend that ANAE be used to prevent and control Eimeria

Perspectives Of Tissues In Silico

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In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of pumpkin seeds and pomegranate peels extracts against Ascaridia galli

Pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo) and Pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) have anthelmintic properties. The aim of this study was to compare the anthelmintic efficacy of pumpkin seeds ethanolic extract and pomegranate peel aqueous extract against Ascaridia galli in vitro and in vivo in Baladi chicks. On adult worms, the extracts of the two herbs were compared in vitro at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 mg/ml with fenbendazole at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. Chicks were infected with Ascaridia galli eggs containing second stage larva and treated with 2000 mg/kg of each of the extracts compared with 100 mg/kg fenbendazole. In vitro, all concentrations of pumpkin seed extract and the concentration of 75 mg/ml pomegranate peel extract exhibited a nearly similar effect to fenbendazole. In vivo, the mortality rate of the worms extracted from the 2000 mg/kg pumpkin seeds extract-treated chicken was non-significantly different from that of fenbendazole for 48 h. While pomegranate peels extract exhibited a lower lethal effect than fenbendazole. The anthelmintic efficacy was dependent on time and concentration. The study presented the anthelmintic efficacy of the pumpkin seeds and pomegranate peel extracts on Ascaridia galli. Pumpkin seed extract was more effective than pomegranate peel extract. Future studies to determine the optimal dose to maximize their effectiveness especially for pumpkin seeds as anthelmintic therapeutic are required. Keywords: Pomegranate peel, Pumpkin seeds, Anthelmintic, Ascaridia galli, In vitro, In viv

PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC CONTAMINATION OF LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES IN MISURATA, LIBYA

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of parasitic contamination in leafy green (lettuce and rocket) vegetables, samples of which were taken up from different regions of Misurata, Libya. A total of 112 raw vegetable samples randomly selected from farms and markets were subsequently examined by a concentration method and then assayed by light microscopy. It was found that 56.3% of the green vegetables were contaminated with different intestinal parasites, the parasites included cysts of Giardia spp., Enatmeaba histolytic a, Entameaba coli , Coccidia spp. oocysts, Balantidium coli and eggs of Hymenolepis nana., Ascaris lumbricoides., Toxocara spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichius trichura and Trichostronylus spp. The highest rate of contamination was detected in rocket (64.3%) while contamination was lower in green lettuce (48.2%). Toxocara spp. eggs were the highest prevalent parasite detected in green vegetables (27%) with the highest score density found in the rocket. Toxocara was followed by Entameaba coli cysts (24%), Coccidia spp. Oocysts (22%), Enatmeaba histolytica cysts (19%), Giardia spp. cysts (10%), and Hymenolepis nana eggs (8%). There were lesser rates of contamination from the parasites Strongyloides spp., Trichius trichura and Trichostronylus spp. There was no significant difference between single and mixed contamination of rocket and lettuce P>0.05. However, there was a statistical difference between protozoa and helminths contamination of rocket and lettuce (P≤0.01). We conclude these findings may have important implications for global food safety and confirm that green vegetables are a point of transmission of intestinal parasites to humans and so are a threat to public health in Misurata, Libya

Molecular characterization of Cysticercus tenuicollis of slaughtered livestock in Upper Egypt governorates

Objective: To present the molecular characterization of Cysticercus tenuicollis (C. tenuicollis) of Taenia hydatigena (T. hydatigena) from livestock isolates in Egypt, and to introduce a detailed image of C. tenuicollis infection in ruminant animals in Upper Egypt. Methods: The prevalence rates of C. tenuicollis infections among the slaughtered animals from different organs were determined using the amplification of sequencing of the MT-CO1 gene. Results: In the present study the infection rates of C. tenuicollis were found to be 16% and 19% in sheep and goat samples respectively. Firstly we report one larval stage of T. hydatigena detected in the camel liver in Egypt. C. tenuicollis infection manifested a higher prevalence in females than in males. Those above two years of age manifested a higher infection rate than younger animals. The preferred site for the infection was the omentum: a 70% preference in sheep and a 68% preference in goats. The molecular characterization using the MT-CO1 gene of isolates from sheep, goats and camels corresponded to T. hydatigena. For this study, molecular characterizations of T. hydatigena were done for the first time in Egypt. Molecular tools are of great assistance in characterizing the C. tenuicollis parasite especially when the morphological character cannot be detected, because the metacestodes are frequently confused with infection by the hydatid cyst, especially when these occur in the visceral organs. In the present study, C. tenuicollis manifested high identity in the goat and sheep samples, while differences were found more frequently in the camel samples (10 base pair). Conclusions: Clearly molecular diagnosis for C. tenuicollis infection significantly helps to differentiate it from such other metacestodes as hydatidosis, which manifests a completely different pathogenicity and requires different control programs

Recent Developments In Animal Sciences

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