Simulación de una descarga eléctrica a través de software libre

Resulta común la carencia de recursos para adquirir software científico de precios exorbitantes para el desarrollo de investigaciones científicas. El software libre es una opción muy viable para académicos, alumnos o público en general que desarrollan exploraciones en diferentes áreas de la ciencia: matemáticas, física, química, electrónica, robótica, etcétera. En este libro ofrecemos el ejemplo atento de una aplicación con software libre para simular un arco eléctrico, a partir de distintas librerías. Con esto se comprueba que no es necesario utilizar una licencia privada de alto costo; por el contrario, la mayoría de los sistemas libres son muy eficaces y cuentan con similar o mayor eficiencia que los privados.UAE

Análisis geográfico, ambiental y ecológico del Cerro de Coatepec Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

El libro “Los espacios universitarios como objeto de estudio. Análisis geográfico, ambiental y ecológico del Cerro de Coatepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México”, es resultado de la participación de un grupo multidisciplinario integrado por investigadores, profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, así como del grupo de asesores y consultores del Colegio de Ciencias Geográficas del Estado de México, A. C. (COCIGEM), interesados en la problemática ambiental y ecológica que ocurre en la Ciudad Universitaria ubicada geográficamente en el Cerro de Coatepec, Toluca Estado de México, en el cual se encuentran establecidas algunas edificaciones de dependencias de educación superior, centros e institutos de investigación, difusión cultural, dependencias administrativas, bibliotecas, museos e instalaciones deportivas.Los ejes rectores de análisis contenidos en este volumen son siete: a) la caracterización geográfica, ecológica, ambiental, sociocultural e infraestructural del espacio que comprende el Cerro de Coatepec; b) el análisis del Cerro de Coatepec como un ecosistema urbano en el contexto de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Toluca, Estado de México; c) la multifuncionalidad de las áreas verdes, las áreas arboladas y los espacios naturales del ecosistema; d) los impactos ambientales que han ocasionado y que ocasionan las etapas de preparación del sitio, la construcción de edificaciones y la ejecución de actividades docentes, de investigación, difusión, deportivas y socioculturales; e) los riesgos que ocurren y pueden ocurrir en las áreas verdes, las áreas arboladas, los ambientes naturales y la infraestructura de las edificaciones; f) la responsabilidad ambiental e importancia de la participación de los actores universitaritos en el cuidado del entorno universitario; y g) propuesta de acciones generales para el mejoramiento de las condiciones del paisaje y manejo del entorno universitario. Estos ejes rectores no se analizan de manera independiente, sino en una dimensión integral, ya que la alteración de algún componente del ambiente o la existencia de riesgos puede tener diferentes causas y por consiguiente diversos efectos.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Colegio de Ciencias Geográficas del Estado de México AC

Responsabilidad e Impacto Ambiental en un Territorio del Altiplano Mexicano. Análisis ambiental, sociodemográfico y económico

El presente libro se sustenta en lo que establece el documento titulado Elaboración, aprobación, publicación e inscripción de los Planes de Desarrollo Urbano de competencia Municipal, el cual en el numeral 2.3 Contenido de los Planes Municipales de Desarrollo Urbano, señala lo siguiente: “Para el caso de los Planes Municipales de Desarrollo Urbano, la Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Obras Públicas, por conducto de la Dirección General de Administración Urbana, formuló una metodología para la elaboración de estos instrumentos de planeación”. Con base en el documento referido anteriormente, la estructura, contenido, terminología y demás elementos complementarios que conforman este libro cumple, con lo establecido en los lineamientos oficiales para la elaboración de PMDU en el Estado de México, sin embargo, es importante considerar que los espacios geográficos y condiciones territoriales de los municipios del Estado de México no son homogéneos, por lo que, en algunos aspectos o numerales, la información y análisis se exponen de manera general o muy específica, en algunos casos, se excluyeron numerales considerados no relevantes para el territorio del Municipio de Calimaya, además se incluye información sobre temas de responsabilidad ambiental, límites, impacto ambiental, sustentabilidad y desarrollo urbano sustentable

Differential Effects of High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diet Composition on Metabolic Control and Insulin Resistance in Normal Rats

The macronutrient component of diets is critical for metabolic control and insulin action. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of high fat diets (HFDs) vs. high carbohydrate diets (HCDs) on metabolic control and insulin resistance in Wistar rats. Thirty animals divided into five groups (n = 6) were fed: (1) Control diet (CD); (2) High-saturated fat diet (HSFD); (3) High-unsaturated fat diet (HUFD); (4) High-digestible starch diet, (HDSD); and (5) High-resistant starch diet (HRSD) during eight weeks. HFDs and HCDs reduced weight gain in comparison with CD, however no statistical significance was reached. Calorie intake was similar in both HFDs and CD, but rats receiving HCDs showed higher calorie consumption than other groups, (p < 0.01). HRSD showed the lowest levels of serum and hepatic lipids. The HUFD induced the lowest fasting glycemia levels and HOMA-IR values. The HDSD group exhibited the highest insulin resistance and hepatic cholesterol content. In conclusion, HUFD exhibited the most beneficial effects on glycemic control meanwhile HRSD induced the highest reduction on lipid content and did not modify insulin sensitivity. In both groups, HFDs and HCDs, the diet constituents were more important factors than caloric intake for metabolic disturbance and insulin resistance

iHIVARNA phase IIa, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of iHIVARNA-01 in chronically HIV-infected patients under stable combined antiretroviral therapy

Background: HIV therapeutic vaccination aims to improve the immune responses against HIV in order to control viral replication without the need for combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). iHIVARNA-01 is a novel vaccine combining mRNA delivery and T-cell immunogen (HTI) based on conserved targets of effective antiviral T-cell responses. In addition, it holds adequate stimuli required for activating antigen presenting cells (APC)s and co-activating specific T-cells (TriMix), including human CD40L, constitutively active TLR4 (caTLR4) and CD70. We propose that in-vivo targeting of dendritic cells (DCs) by direct administration of a HIV mRNA encoding these immune modulating proteins might be an attractive alternative to target DCs in vitro. Methods/design: This is a phase-IIa, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study in chronically HIV-1 infected patients under stable cART. One of the three study arms is randomly allocated to subjects. Three vaccinations with either HIVACAT T-cell immunogen (HTI)-TriMix (iHIVARNA-01), TriMix or water for injection (WFI) (weeks 0, 2 and 4) are administered by intranodal injection in the inguinal region. Two weeks after the last immunization (week 6) cART is stopped for 12 weeks. The two primary endpoints are: (1) safety and tolerability of intranodal iHIVARNA-01 vaccination compared with TriMix or WFI and (2) induced immunogenicity, i.e., increase in the frequency of HIV-specific T-cell responses between baseline, week 6 and 12 weeks after treatment interruption in iHIVARNA-01-treated patients as compared to the control groups, immunized with TriMix-mRNA or WFI measured by an IFNγ ELISPOT assay. Secondary endpoints include the evaluation of time to viral rebound, plasma viral load (pVL) at w18, the proportion of patients with control of viral load, induction of T-cell responses to new HIV epitopes, polyfunctionality of HIV-specific T-cells, CD8+ T-cell in-vitro HIV suppressive capacity, the effect on viral reservoir (measured by proviral DNA and cell-associated RNA), assessment of viral immune escape by mutation and mRNA expression profiles of host immune genes. Discussion: This trial aims to direct target DC in situ with mRNA encoding HTI and TriMix for co-stimulation. Intranodal injection circumvents laborious DC isolation and handling in the laboratory. The trial extends on the safety results of a phase-I dose-escalating trial. This candidate vaccine could complement or even replace cART for chronic HIV infection and could be applicable to improve the care and cost of HIV infection

Las ciencias sociales en el noreste de México.

Texto colectivo que incluye seis ensayos donde se reflexiona sobre el estado que guardan las ciencias sociales en el noreste de México: antropología, comunicación, economía, geografía, historia y sociología.Redactado por miembros del Grupo Gente (Grupo de Estudios sobre el Noreste de México y Texas) bajo la coordinación de César Morado y Lucila Hinojosa

Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association

Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five novel loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci are also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρgenetic=0.748), which indicated a similar genetic background and allowed for the identification of four additional loci through meta-analysis (Ncombined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, Parkinson’s disease, and enriched near genes involved in growth pathways including PI3K–AKT signaling. These findings identify biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and provide genetic support for theories on brain reserve and brain overgrowth

Implementation of a roadmap for the comprehensive diagnosis, follow-up, and research of childhood leukemias in vulnerable regions of Mexico: results from the PRONAII Strategy

The main objective of the National Project for Research and Incidence of Childhood Leukemias is to reduce early mortality rates for these neoplasms in the vulnerable regions of Mexico. This project was conducted in the states of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Tlaxcala. A key strategy of the project is the implementation of an effective roadmap to ensure that leukemia patients are the target of maximum benefit of interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, surveyors, and laboratories. This strategy guarantees the comprehensive management of diagnosis and follow-up samples of pediatric patients with leukemia, centralizing, managing, and analyzing the information collected. Additionally, it allows for a precise diagnosis and monitoring of the disease through immunophenotype and measurable residual disease (MRD) studies, enhancing research and supporting informed clinical decisions for the first time in these regions through a population-based study. This initiative has significantly improved the diagnostic capacity of leukemia in girls, boys, and adolescents in the regions of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Tlaxcala, providing comprehensive, high-quality care with full coverage in the region. Likewise, it has strengthened collaboration between health institutions, researchers, and professionals in the sector, which contributes to reducing the impact of the disease on the community

Observational Cosmology with Artificial Neural Networks

In cosmology, the analysis of observational evidence is very important when testing theoretical models of the Universe. Artificial neural networks are powerful and versatile computational tools for data modelling and have recently been considered in the analysis of cosmological data. The main goal of this paper is to provide an introduction to artificial neural networks and to describe some of their applications to cosmology. We present an overview on the fundamentals of neural networks and their technical details. Through three examples, we show their capabilities in the modelling of cosmological data, numerical tasks (saving computational time), and the classification of stellar objects. Artificial neural networks offer interesting qualities that make them viable alternatives for data analysis in cosmological research