35 research outputs found

    El ingreso hospitalario de desintoxicación en pacientes graves en programa de mantenimiento con metadona: resultados a corto y medio plazo

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    Introducción: Se analiza naturalísticamente la evolución durante seis meses de pacientes graves en Programas de Mantenimiento con Metadona (PMM) que presentan recaídas en el consumo de opiáceos y/o cocaína y requieren un ingreso hospitalario de desintoxicación. El diseño es prospectivo y la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realiza el seguimiento de 15 personas que cumplían los criterios de inclusión durante 18 meses consecutivos. La mayoría de los pacientes (11:15) recaen precozmente en el consumo de drogas. El patrón de reinicio de consumo es similar: primero reinician el consumo de cocaína y posteriormente de opiáceos. El tiempo medio de recaída en cocaína es de 1.8 meses, y de heroína es de 2.8 meses. Conclusiones: La efectividad a corto y medio plazo del ingreso hospitalario de desintoxicación en PMM, que han recaído en el consumo de drogas es baja. El patrón de nuevas recaídas es predecible y típico

    Accumulation of symetric dimethylarginine in hepatorenal syndrome.

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    In patients with cirrhosis, nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and possibly symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) have been linked to the severity of the disease. We investigated whether plasma levels of dimethylarginines and NO are elevated in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), compared with patients with cirrhosis without renal failure (no- HRS). Plasma levels of NO, ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine were measured in 11 patients with HRS, seven patients with no-HRS, and six healthy volunteers. SDMA concentration in HRS was higher than in no-HRS and healthy subjects (1.47 6 0.25 vs. 0.38 6 0.06 and 0.29 6 0.04 lM, respectively; P , 0.05). ADMA and NOx concentrations were higher in HRS and no-HRS patients than in healthy subjects (ADMA, 1.20 6 0.26, 1.11 6 0.1, and 0.53 6 0.06 lM, respectively; P , 0.05; NOx, 94 6 9.1, 95.5 6 9.54, and 37.67 6 4.62 lM, respectively; P , 0.05). In patients with HRS there was a positive correlation between serum creatinine and plasma SDMA (r2¼0.765, P , 0.001) but not between serum creatinine and ADMA or NOx. The results suggest that renal dysfunction is a main determinant of elevated SDMA concentration in HRS. Accumulation of ADMA as a result of impaired hepatic removal may be the causative factor initiating renal vasoconstriction and SDMA retention in the kidney. Exp Biol Med 231:7075, 200

    Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant

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    "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gramazio P, Lerma MD, Villanueva G, et al. Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant. Ann Appl Biol. 2019;175:172 183. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) is a pospiviroid that causes severe disease symptoms in tomato. TCDVd is also naturally found in other crops and plants, in most occasions being asymptomatic. Apart from the natural hosts reported up to now, artificial inoculations have revealed that TCDVd can infect other plants, including eggplant (Solanum melongena). In a screening of seedlings of eggplant from a breeding programme we detected a pospiviroid, which we identified as TCDVd, representing the first report of natural infection of eggplant by TCDVd. The new TCDVd isolate of eggplant was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT¿PCR) using primers TG21/CT20, initially designed to detect potato spindle tuber viroid. The new isolate sequence is close to a Brugmansia sanguinea isolate of TCDVd from the Netherlands, and most of the nucleotidic changes with respect to this isolate and to the reference genome sequence of TCDVd are found in the TR region. Naturally infected plants of eggplant with this TCDVd isolate did not display any disease symptoms. We demonstrated that in eggplant TCDVd is mechanically transmitted with low to moderate efficiency with cultivation practices, but not by plant¿to¿plant contact. Tomato plants artificially inoculated with the eggplant isolate of TCDVd tested positive for the presence of the viroid at 50¿days after inoculation, but did not display any disease symptoms. Seed transmission to germinated seedlings of eggplant was variable among progenies from infected plants, ranging from 7.7% to 100.0%. Disinfection of seeds with chemical treatments with sodium hypochlorite and trisodium phosphate solutions plus thermotherapy at 80°C for 24¿hr or 90°C for 6 hr was ineffective in reducing the rate of transmission by seed. We did not find evidence of horizontal transmission of TCDVd by pollen, but vertical transmission was highly efficient when healthy eggplant plants were pollinated with infected pollen. Our results indicate that asymptomatic infection of eggplant by TCDVd and high seed and pollen transmission rates may contribute to the spread of this viroid. The information we obtained is useful in order to implement measures for the prevention, control and eradication of TCDVd in eggplant crops, as well as to avoid their transmission to other hosts.P.G. is grateful to Universitat Politècnica de València and to Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for their respective postdoctoral grants (PAID-10-18 and FY2019 JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research in Japan [Standard]). A.A. and D.A. are grateful to Universitat Politècnica de València for their respective predoctoral (PAID-01-18 and PAID-01-16) contracts within the Programa de Ayudas de Investigación y Desarrollo initiative. E.G.-F. is grateful to Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario for a predoctoral grant (FPU17/02389). G.M. is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana for a predoctoral grant within the Santiago Grisolía programme (GRISOLIAP/2016/012). M.P. is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana and Fondo Social Europeo for a postdoctoral grant (APOSTD/2018/014).Gramazio, P.; Lerma Lerma, MD.; Villanueva-Párraga, G.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; García-Fortea, E.; Mangino, G.; Figás-Moreno, MDR.... (2019). Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant. Annals of Applied Biology. 175(2):172-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527S1721831752Bakker, D., Bruinsma, M., Dekter, R. W., Toonen, M. A. J., Verhoeven, J. T. J., & Koenraadt, H. M. S. (2015). Detection of PSTVd and TCDVd in seeds of tomato using real-time RT-PCR. EPPO Bulletin, 45(1), 14-21. doi:10.1111/epp.12195Barba, M., & James, D. (2017). Quarantine and Certification for Viroids and Viroid Diseases. Viroids and Satellites, 415-424. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00039-5Broadbent, L. (1976). Epidemiology and Control of Tomato Mosaic Virus. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 14(1), 75-96. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.14.090176.000451Candresse, T., Marais, A., Tassus, X., Suhard, P., Renaudin, I., Leguay, A., … Blancard, D. (2010). First Report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in Tomato in France. Plant Disease, 94(5), 633-633. doi:10.1094/pdis-94-5-0633bCandresse, T., Verhoeven, J. T. J., Stancanelli, G., Hammond, R. W., & Winter, S. (2017). Other Pospiviroids Infecting Solanaceous Plants. Viroids and Satellites, 159-168. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00015-2Červená, G., Nečekalová, J., Mikulková, H., Levkaničová, Z., Mertelík, J., Kloudová, K., … Ptáček, J. (2011). VIROIDS ON PETUNIA AND OTHER SOLANACEOUS CROPS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. Acta Horticulturae, (901), 35-40. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2011.901.3Constable F. &Moran J.(1996).PCR protocols for the detection of chrysanthemum stunt and potato spindle tuber viroids. Final Report for the Horticultural Research and Development Corporation Project number PT410. Victoria Australia: Department of Natural Resources and Environment.Daròs, J.-A. (2017). Eggplant Latent Viroid. Viroids and Satellites, 339-344. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00032-2Di Serio, F., Flores, R., Verhoeven, J. T. J., Li, S.-F., Pallás, V., Randles, J. W., … Owens, R. A. (2014). Current status of viroid taxonomy. Archives of Virology, 159(12), 3467-3478. doi:10.1007/s00705-014-2200-6FAGOAGA, C., & DURAN-VILA, N. (1996). Naturally occurring variants of citrus exocortis viroid in vegetable crops. Plant Pathology, 45(1), 45-53. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-104.xFlores, R., Hernández, C., Alba, A. E. M. de, Daròs, J.-A., & Serio, F. D. (2005). Viroids and Viroid-Host Interactions. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 43(1), 117-139. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140243Fox, A., Daly, M., Nixon, T., Brurberg, M. B., Blystad, D.-R., Harju, V., … Adams, I. P. (2013). First report ofTomato chlorotic dwarf viroid(TCDVd) in tomato in Norway and subsequent eradication. New Disease Reports, 27, 8. doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2013.027.008Giguère, T., Raj Adkar-Purushothama, C., & Perreault, J.-P. (2014). Comprehensive Secondary Structure Elucidation of Four Genera of the Family Pospiviroidae. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e98655. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098655Giguère, T., & Perreault, J.-P. (2017). Classification of the Pospiviroidae based on their structural hallmarks. PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0182536. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182536Gruber, A. R., Lorenz, R., Bernhart, S. H., Neubock, R., & Hofacker, I. L. (2008). The Vienna RNA Websuite. Nucleic Acids Research, 36(Web Server), W70-W74. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn188Hadidi, A., Flores, R., Randles, J., & Semancik, J. (2003). Viroids. doi:10.1071/9780643069855Hailstones, D. L., Tesoriero, L. A., Terras, M. A., & Dephoff, C. (2003). Detection and eradication of Potato spindle tuber viroid in tomatoes in commercial production in New South Wales, Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology, 32(2), 317. doi:10.1071/ap03005Hammond, R. W. (2017). Economic Significance of Viroids in Vegetable and Field Crops. Viroids and Satellites, 5-13. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00001-2Hammond, R. W. (2017). Seed, Pollen, and Insect Transmission of Viroids. Viroids and Satellites, 521-530. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00048-6Hirakawa, H., Shirasawa, K., Miyatake, K., Nunome, T., Negoro, S., Ohyama, A., … Fukuoka, H. (2014). Draft Genome Sequence of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): the Representative Solanum Species Indigenous to the Old World. DNA Research, 21(6), 649-660. doi:10.1093/dnares/dsu027James, T., Mulholland, V., Jeffries, C., & Chard, J. (2008). First report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid infecting commercial petunia stocks in the United Kingdom. Plant Pathology, 57(2), 400-400. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01727.xKeese, P., & Symons, R. H. (1985). Domains in viroids: evidence of intermolecular RNA rearrangements and their contribution to viroid evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 82(14), 4582-4586. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.14.4582Kovalskaya, N., & Hammond, R. W. (2014). Molecular biology of viroid–host interactions and disease control strategies. Plant Science, 228, 48-60. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.006Kryczyński, S., Paduch-Cichal, E., & Skrzeczkowski, L. J. (1988). Transmission of Three Viroids Through Seed and Pollen of Tomato Plants. Journal of Phytopathology, 121(1), 51-57. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1988.tb00952.xLi, R., Baysal-Gurel, F., Abdo, Z., Miller, S. A., & Ling, K.-S. (2015). Evaluation of disinfectants to prevent mechanical transmission of viruses and a viroid in greenhouse tomato production. Virology Journal, 12(1), 5. doi:10.1186/s12985-014-0237-5Ling, K.-S. (2017). Decontamination Measures to Prevent Mechanical Transmission of Viroids. Viroids and Satellites, 437-445. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00041-3Ling, K.-S., Verhoeven, J. T. J., Singh, R. P., & Brown, J. K. (2009). First Report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in Greenhouse Tomatoes in Arizona. Plant Disease, 93(10), 1075-1075. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-10-1075bLing, K.-S., & Zhang, W. (2009). First Report of a Natural Infection by Mexican Papita Viroid and Tomato Chlorotic Dwarf Viroid on Greenhouse Tomatoes in Mexico. Plant Disease, 93(11), 1216-1216. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-11-1216aMackie, A. E., Coutts, B. A., Barbetti, M. J., Rodoni, B. C., McKirdy, S. J., & Jones, R. A. C. (2015). Potato spindle tuber viroid: Stability on Common Surfaces and Inactivation With Disinfectants. Plant Disease, 99(6), 770-775. doi:10.1094/pdis-09-14-0929-reMatsushita, Y., Kanda, A., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2008). First report of a Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid disease on tomato plants in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 74(2), 182-184. doi:10.1007/s10327-008-0076-6Matsushita, Y., & Tsuda, S. (2014). Host ranges of Potato spindle tuber viroid, Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, Tomato apical stunt viroid, and Columnea latent viroid in horticultural plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 141(1), 193-197. doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0518-2Matsushita, Y., & Tsuda, S. (2016). Seed transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, tomato apical stunt viroid, and Columnea latent viroid in horticultural plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 145(4), 1007-1011. doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0868-zMatsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2009). Host range and properties of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 124(2), 349-352. doi:10.1007/s10658-008-9416-9Matsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2011). Distribution of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in floral organs of tomato. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 130(4), 441-447. doi:10.1007/s10658-011-9766-6Matsuura, S., Matsushita, Y., Kozuka, R., Shimizu, S., & Tsuda, S. (2009). Transmission of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by bumblebees (Bombus ignitus) in tomato plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 126(1), 111-115. doi:10.1007/s10658-009-9515-2Matsuura, S., Matsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2010). Disinfection of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by chemical and biological agents. Crop Protection, 29(10), 1157-1161. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2010.05.018Minoia, S., Navarro, B., Delgado, S., Serio, F. D., & Flores, R. (2015). Viroid RNA turnover: characterization of the subgenomic RNAs of potato spindle tuber viroid accumulating in infected tissues provides insights into decay pathways operating in vivo. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(4), 2313-2325. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv034Nie, X. (2012). Analysis of Sequence Polymorphism and Population Structure of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid in Viroid-Infected Tomato Plants. Viruses, 4(6), 940-953. doi:10.3390/v4060940Palukaitis, P. (1987). Potato spindle tuber viroid: Investigation of the long-distance, intra-plant transport route. Virology, 158(1), 239-241. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(87)90260-1PROHENS, J., SOLER, S., & NUEZ, F. (1999). The effects of thermotherapy and sodium hypochlorite treatments on pepino seed germination, a crucial step in breeding programmes. Annals of Applied Biology, 134(3), 299-305. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb05268.xShiraishi, T., Maejima, K., Komatsu, K., Hashimoto, M., Okano, Y., Kitazawa, Y., … Namba, S. (2013). First report of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid isolated from symptomless petunia plants (Petunia spp.) in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 79(3), 214-216. doi:10.1007/s10327-013-0444-8Sievers, F., Wilm, A., Dineen, D., Gibson, T. J., Karplus, K., Li, W., … Higgins, D. G. (2011). Fast, scalable generation of high‐quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega. Molecular Systems Biology, 7(1), 539. doi:10.1038/msb.2011.75Singh, R. P. (1992). Detection of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in the Pollen and Various Parts of Potato Plant Pollinated with Viroid-Infected Pollen. Plant Disease, 76(9), 951. doi:10.1094/pd-76-0951Singh, R. P., Nie, X., & Singh, M. (1999). Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid: an evolutionary link in the origin of pospiviroids The GenBank accession number of the sequence reported in this paper is AF162131. Journal of General Virology, 80(11), 2823-2828. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-80-11-2823Singh, R. P., & Dilworth, A. D. (2008). Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in the ornamental plant Vinca minor and its transmission through tomato seed. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 123(1), 111-116. doi:10.1007/s10658-008-9344-8Singh, R. P., Dilworth, A. D., Ao, X., Singh, M., & Misra, S. (2009). Molecular and biological characterization of a severe isolate of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid containing a novel terminal right (TR) domain sequence. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 127(1), 63-72. doi:10.1007/s10658-009-9571-7Škorić, D. (2017). Viroid Biology. Viroids and Satellites, 53-61. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00005-xVan Bogaert, N., Smagghe, G., Maes, M., De Backer, M., & De Jonghe, K. (2017). Phylogeny of five predominant pospiviroid species in Belgium. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 149(1), 25-33. doi:10.1007/s10658-017-1158-0Verhoeven, J. T. J., Jansen, C. C. C., Botermans, M., & Roenhorst, J. W. (2010). Epidemiological evidence that vegetatively propagated, solanaceous plant species act as sources ofPotato spindle tuber viroidinoculum for tomato. Plant Pathology, 59(1), 3-12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02173.xVerhoeven, J. T. J., Hammond, R. W., & Stancanelli, G. (2017). Economic Significance of Viroids in Ornamental Crops. Viroids and Satellites, 27-38. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00003-6Verhoeven, J. th. j., Jansen, C. C. C., Willemen, T. M., Kox, L. F. F., Owens, R. A., & Roenhorst, J. W. (2004). Natural infections of tomato by Citrus exocortis viroid, Columnea latent viroid, Potato spindle tuber viroid and Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110(8), 823-831. doi:10.1007/s10658-004-2493-5Võ, T. T., Dehne, H.-W., & Hamacher, J. (2018). Transmission of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by Myzus persicae assisted by Potato leafroll virus. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 125(3), 259-266. doi:10.1007/s41348-018-0151-yWassenegger, M., Spieker, R. L., Thalmeir, S., Gast, F.-U., Riedel, L., & Sänger, H. L. (1996). A Single Nucleotide Substitution Converts Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) from a Noninfectious to an Infectious RNA for Nicotiana tabacum. Virology, 226(2), 191-197. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0646Yanagisawa, H., & Matsushita, Y. (2018). Differences in dynamics of horizontal transmission of Tomato planta macho viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid after pollination with viroid-infected pollen. Virology, 516, 258-264. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.023Yanagisawa, H., Sano, T., Hase, S., & Matsushita, Y. (2019). Influence of the terminal left domain on horizontal and vertical transmissions of tomato planta macho viroid and potato spindle tuber viroid through pollen. Virology, 526, 22-31. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.02

    COVID-19 outbreaks in a transmission control scenario: challenges posed by social and leisure activities, and for workers in vulnerable conditions, Spain, early summer 2020

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    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. From mid-June to 2 August, excluding single household outbreaks, 673 outbreaks were notified nationally, 551 active (>6,200 cases) at the time. More than half of these outbreaks and cases coincided with: (i) social (family/friends’ gatherings or leisure venues) and (ii) occupational (mainly involving workers in vulnerable conditions) settings. Control measures were accordingly applied

    Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en España, 2019: informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA

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    RESUMEN Objetivo: comunicar los datos de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) obtenidos del registro del grupo NADYA-SENPE (www.nadyasenpe.com) del año 2019. Material y métodos: análisis descriptivo de los datos recogidos de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con NPD en el registro NADYA-SENPE desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2019. Resultados: se registraron 283 pacientes (51,9 %, mujeres), 31 niños y 252 adultos procedentes de 47 hospitales españoles, lo que representa una tasa de prevalencia de 6,01 pacientes/millón de habitantes/año 2019. El diagnóstico más frecuente en los adultos fue “oncológico paliativo” y “otros” (21,0 %). En los niños fue la enfermedad de Hirschsprung junto a la enterocolitis necrotizante, las alteraciones de la motilidad intestinal y la pseudoobstrucción intestinal crónica, con 4 casos cada uno (12,9 %). El primer motivo de indicación fue el síndrome del intestino corto tanto en los niños (51,6 %) como en los adultos (37,3 %). El tipo de catéter más utilizado fue el tunelizado tanto en los niños (75,9 %) como en los adultos (40,8 %). Finalizaron 68 episodios, todos en adultos: la causa más frecuente fue el fallecimiento (54,4 %). Pasaron a la vía oral el 38,2 %. Conclusiones: el número de centros y profesionales colaboradores con el registro NADYA va incrementándose. Se mantienen estables las principales indicaciones y los motivos de finalización de la NPD

    Spanish home enteral nutrition registry of the year 2014 and 2015 from the NADYA-SENPE Group

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    Objetivo: exponer los resultados del registro de nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED) del año 2014 y 2015 del Grupo NADYA-SENPE. Métodos: se recopilaron los pacientes introducidos en el registro desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2014 y la mismas fechas de 2015, y se procedió al análisis descriptivo y analítico de los datos. Resultados: en el año 2014, se registraron 3.749 pacientes y en 2015, 4.202; la prevalencia fue de 80,58 pacientes/millón de habitantes en el año 2014 y de 90,51 en 2015. Por sexos, hubo un 49,9% de mujeres en 2014 y un 50,3% en 2015. La edad media fue de 73 años (IIQ 59-83) en ambos años. Finalizaron 684 episodios de NED en 2014 y 631 en 2015, la causa principal fue el fallecimiento en el 54,9% y 50,4% de los casos, respectivamente. Los portadores de sonda nasogástrica presentan una edad media superior a los pacientes con cualquier otra vía (p < 0,001). Se registraron 67 pacientes pediátricos en 2014 (56,7% niñas) y 77 en 2015 (55,8% niñas). La vía principal de administración fue la gastrostomía en el 52,0% de los casos de 2014 y sonda nasogástrica en el 50,8% de los casos de 2015. La causa principal de fi nalización de la nutrición fue el fallecimiento (57,1% en 2014 y 38,5% en 2015). Se observó que los niños más pequeños eran los que se alimentaban preferentemente por SNG (p 0,004 vs. 0,002).Tanto en pacientes pediátricos como en adultos el diagnóstico principal que motivó la necesidad de NED fue la enfermedad neurológica que cursa con afagia o disfagia severa. Conclusiones: se ha incrementado el número de pacientes del registro, así como el número de centros participantes y el número medio de pacientes comunicados por cada centro respecto a años anteriores, sin que se hayan modificado sustancialmente las características de los pacientes, salvo mayor duración de los episodiosObjective: To present the results of the Spanish home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group for the years 2014 and 2015. Methods: From January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2015 the HEN registry was recorded and afterwards a further descriptive and analytical analysis was done. Results: In 2014, 3749 patients were recorded, and 4202 in 2015; prevalence was 80.58 patients/one million inhabitants in Spain in 2014 and 90.51 in 2015. There were 49.9% females in 2014 and 50.3% in 2015. Median age was 73 years (IQI 59-83) in 2014 as well as in 2015. 684 episodes fi nished in 2014 and 631 in 2015, with death as the main cause, in 54.9% and 50.4%, respectively. The ones who were fed through nasogastric tube had a mean age higher than the ones fed by any other route (p-value < 0.001). Sisty-seven paediatric patients were recorded in 2014 (56.7% females) and 77 in 2015 (55.8% females). Median age at the beginning of HEN among children was 5 months in 2014 and 5 months in 2015. The main route of administration was gastrostomy, in 52.5% in 2014 and nasogastric tube in 50.8% in 2015. 7 episodes fi nished in 2014 and 13 in 2015, having death as the main cause (57.1% in 2014 and 38.5% in 2015). It was found that were younger children the ones who were mainly fed by nasogastric tubes (p-value 0.004 vs. 0.002). Among paediatric patients as well as adults, the main diagnosis leading to HEN was neurological disease which gives aphagia or severe dysphagia. Conclusions: There has been an increase in the number of patients in the registry as well as the participating centers and the number of patients per center, without any signifi cant change in the characteristics of the patients other than longer duration of the episode

    De Madrid al infinito

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    Material sin publicarTrabajo que obtuvo un primer premio en el VII Certamen de Materiales Curriculares adaptados a la Comunidad de Madrid. Se presenta un trabajo que consta de dos partes; un juego de tablero y una colección de actividades a desarrollar en la optativa Taller de matemáticas y que también puede utilizarse como actividades de profundización en el segundo ciclo de la ESO. El juego que se propone, sirve para desarrollar destrezas y rutinas básicas propias de las matemáticas, conocer aspectos de la historia de Madrid, aprender a manejar los euros y fomentar el trabajo en equipo. Se destaca la novedad de relacionar la historia de Madrid con las matemáticas, que permite resolver situaciones cotidianas y lúdicas.MadridES

    La imagen como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza de las ciencias

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    Se diseña y realiza una serie de actividades que incluyen como núcleo fundamental el uso de imágenes como diapositivas, transparencias y proyector de opacos. El proyecto se divide en tres fases: planificación detallada de las actividades y-o imágenes, toma de las imágenes y desarrollo de las actividades que las incluyen, y puesta en práctica de las actividades con el alumnado del centro. Las actividades se basan en la elaboración de diapositivas y transparencias que incluyen la utilización del proyector y retroproyector respectivamente, y actividades de toma de diapositivas y-o diseño de transparencias con salida al exterior. La evaluación se realiza atendiendo a la calidad de los materiales: integración de las actividades en un determinado ciclo y nivel, claridad y limpieza de las imágenes elaboradas, y a los resultados de la puesta en práctica de las actividades con el alumnado para lo cual se elaboran pruebas de asimilación de conceptos.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación y CulturaMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES
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