Signal Quality Monitoring Design for Galileo E5a and Galileo E1C signals

International audienceGalileo E1C, the pilot component of the E1 Open Service signal (CBOC(6,1,1/11) modulation), Galileo E5a and GPS L5 (BPSK(10) modulation) are signals that will be used by civil aviation receivers for pseudorange computation. To meet stringent requirements defined for civil aviation GNSS receivers, the characterization of distortions which could affect a GNSS signal in a hazardous way is required. In particular, expected signal distortions generated at payload level are described by Threat Models (TMs). Distortions incorporated in the TM are also called Evil WaveForm (EWF).These TMs, and their associated parameter ranges, referred to as Threat Space (TS), are powerful and necessary tools to design and test the performance of Signal Quality Monitor (SQM). The SQM is a mean to detect the presence of dangerous signal distortions and is necessary to protect users with high requirements in terms of integrity, accuracy, availability, and continuity (for example civil aviation users). Nowadays, this monitoring task is performed by GBAS and SBAS reference stations for GPS L1 C/A to warn the user in a timely manner. In this paper, SQMs for Galileo E1C and Galileo E5a will be designed and compared using a new representation introduced in [1]. Using this representation, different SQMs are compared and an optimized SQM is proposed to monitor signal distortions on Galileo E5a and Galileo E1C signals

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peer reviewedIntroduction. La prévention/atténuation des lésions ischémiques du greffon est un défi essentiel en transplantation rénale. Patients et méthodes. Nous avons développé deux modèles murins de donneurs cadavériques, à cœur non battant (DCD) et en mort cérébrale (DBD), afin d’étudier ultérieurement le préconditionnement ischémique (PCI). Résultats. Après 6 h d’anesthésie (DCD) ou 6 h de mort encéphalique (DBD), les reins sont prélevés après rinçage à l’IGL-1. Un rein est directement stocké à -80 °C, et l’autre est immergé pendant 14 h dans l’IGL-1 avant stockage. Un échantillon de sérum est prélevé en début de procédure et au moment du prélèvement afin de mesurer la concentration sérique en créatinine et en cytokines Il-1b, Il-6 et Il-10. Les lésions histologiques sont évaluées sur coloration PAS et par immunomarquage anti-KIM1. L’ARNm est extrait pour séquençage. Discussion. La créatinémie est restée inchangée dans le groupe DCD, mais elle a augmenté après 6 h de mort cérébrale (baseline 0,4 ± 0,1 mg/dL vs 6 h-DBD 0,7 ± 0,1 mg/dL ; p = 0,004). À 6 h, la concentration sérique d’Il-6 était plus élevée dans le groupe DBD (DCD 11,8 ± 5,1 ng/mL vs DBD 21,8 ± 7,6 ng/mL (p = 0.02). À l’inverse, les taux d’Il-10 étaient plus faibles chez les DBD (DCD 1,9 ± 0,6 ng/mL vs DBD 1,2 ± 0,3 ng/mL [p = 0,03]). La nécrose tubulaire aiguë (NTA) et l’expression de KIM1 étaient plus élevées dans le groupe DBD (NTA : DBD 65 ± 24 % de la surface vs DCD 39 ± 27 % de la surface [p = 0,03] et KIM1 : DBD 0,39 ± 0,24 % de la surface vs DCD 0,10 ± 0,09 % de la surface [p = 0,0002]). Le séquençage de l’ARN a montré que les voies pro-inflammatoires et pro-apoptotiques étaient régulées à la hausse chez les DBD, alors que les voies métaboliques et de transport transmembranaire étaient régulées à la baisse chez les DBD, par rapport aux DCD. Conclusion. Une meilleure compréhension de la différence d’impact de la mort encéphalique ou par arrêt circulatoire sur le greffon rénal permettra d’adapter les stratégies de PCI selon le type de donneur

KIDNEY TRANSCRIPTOME VARIES BETWEEN DONOR TYPES, WITH A DIFFERENTIAL REPONSE TO ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING

peer reviewedBackground: The prevention/attenuation of graft ischemic injury is a challenge in kidney transplantation. We developed two rat models to investigate the impact of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the ischemic preconditioning of kidneys from Donors after Circulatory Death (DCD) and Donors after Brain Death (DBD). Methods: Under general anesthesia, rats underwent iv injection of saline (S-groups) or 1.5 106 MSCs (MSC-groups) followed by either DBD (6hr of brain death) or DCD (6hr of anesthesia and 20min warm ischemia) models, resulting in 4 groups (S-DBD, S-DCD, MSC-DBD, MSC-DCD). Kidneys were then procured after IGL1 flush. One kidney was directly fixed and the other one immersed for 14 hours in IGL1 at 4°C. Serum samples were collected before treatment (baseline) and at the time of kidney collection. Urine samples were collected by bladder puncture at the time of kidney collection. Renal function was evaluated. Kidney histology was assessed by PAS staining and KIM1 immunostaining. Total RNA was extracted from S-DCD vs S-DBD kidneys for RNAseq. Results: BUN was increased after 6h of anesthesia (DCD) or brain death (DBD) (p<0.01). SCr increased in both S-DBD and MSC-DBD but was lower in MSC-treated rats (MSC-DBD 0.5±0.2mg/dL vs S-DBD 0.7±0.1mg/dL; p=0.037). Urinary KIM1 was lower in MSC-treated DBD (S-DBD 10.9±4.5 vs MSC-DBD 7.1±1.7; p=0.03). Acute Tubular Injury (ATI) and KIM1 expression were higher in S-DBD (ATI: S-DBD 65±24 % of surface vs S-DCD 39±27 % of surface (p=0.03) and KIM1: S-DBD 0.39±0.24 % of surface vs S-DCD 0.10±0.09 % of surface (p=0.0002)). In MSC groups, there was no difference in both ATI extension and KIM1 expression. There was no difference in KIM1 expression between S-DBD and S-DCD groups. RNAseq showed that proinflammatory and proapoptotic pathways were upregulated in DBD, whereas transmembrane transport and metabolic pathways were downregulated, compared to DCD. Conclusions: The RNA profiles of the kidneys are different upon donor types, which may impact the response to MSC-based ischemic preconditioning

SSU1 Checkup, a Rapid Tool for Detecting Chromosomal Rearrangements Related to the SSU1 Promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: An Ecological and Technological Study on Wine Yeast

Chromosomal rearrangements (CR) such as translocations, duplications and inversions play a decisive role in the adaptation of microorganisms to specific environments. In enological Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, CR involving the promoter region of the gene SSU1 lead to a higher sulfite tolerance by enhancing the SO2 efflux. To date, three different SSU1 associated CR events have been described, including translocations XV-t-XVI and VIII-t-XVI and inversion inv-XVI. In the present study, we developed a multiplex PCR method (SSU1 checkup) that allows a rapid characterization of these three chromosomal configurations in a single experiment. Nearly 600 S. cerevisiae strains collected from fermented grape juice were genotyped by microsatellite markers. We demonstrated that alleles of the SSU1 promoter are differently distributed according to the wine environment (cellar versus vineyard) and the nature of the grape juice. Moreover, rearranged SSU1 promoters are significantly enriched among commercial starters. In addition, the analysis of nearly isogenic strains collected in wine related environments demonstrated that the inheritance of these CR shapes the genetic diversity of clonal populations. Finally, the link between the nature of SSU1 promoter and the tolerance to sulfite was statistically validated in natural grape juice containing various SO2 concentrations. The SSU1 checkup is therefore a convenient new tool for addressing population genetics questions and for selecting yeast strains by using molecular markers.Fil: Marullo, Philippe. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Claisse, Olivier. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Raymond Eder, María Laura. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sanchez Labrador S. J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sanchez Labrador S. J.; ArgentinaFil: Börlin, Marine. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Feghali, Nadine. Lebanese University; LíbanoFil: Bernard, Margaux. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Legras, Jean Luc. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Albertin, Warren. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Rosa, Alberto Luis. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sanchez Labrador S. J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sanchez Labrador S. J.; ArgentinaFil: Masneuf Pomarede, Isabelle. Universite de Bordeaux; Franci

Analytical validation of innovative magneto-inertial outcomes: a controlled environment study.

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Front Microbiol

Chromosomal rearrangements (CR) such as translocations, duplications and inversions play a decisive role in the adaptation of microorganisms to specific environments. In enological strains, CR involving the promoter region of the gene lead to a higher sulfite tolerance by enhancing the SO efflux. To date, three different associated CR events have been described, including translocations XV-t-XVI and VIII-t-XVI and inversion inv-XVI. In the present study, we developed a multiplex PCR method ( checkup) that allows a rapid characterization of these three chromosomal configurations in a single experiment. Nearly 600 strains collected from fermented grape juice were genotyped by microsatellite markers. We demonstrated that alleles of the promoter are differently distributed according to the wine environment (cellar versus vineyard) and the nature of the grape juice. Moreover, rearranged promoters are significantly enriched among commercial starters. In addition, the analysis of nearly isogenic strains collected in wine related environments demonstrated that the inheritance of these CR shapes the genetic diversity of clonal populations. Finally, the link between the nature of promoter and the tolerance to sulfite was statistically validated in natural grape juice containing various SO concentrations. The checkup is therefore a convenient new tool for addressing population genetics questions and for selecting yeast strains by using molecular markers

LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world.Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overvie

A 2-month field cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva of BNT162b2 vaccinated nursing home workers

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