Estudio del efecto solvatocrómico en derivados fenólicos naturales

Se describen las características espectrofluorimétricas de dos derivados de quercetina aislados de las hojas deFlaveria bidentis, un derivado de 6-prenilpinocembrina, aislado de las raíces de Dalea elegans y un compuesto deestructura antraquinónica aislado de las hojas de Heterophyllaea pustulata. Todos ellos presentan espectros deabsorción con máximos en la región UV-visible acordes con los grupos cromóforos presentes en su estructura. Loscuatro compuestos estudiados presentan fluorescencia nativa. La posición de los máximos de emisión de fluorescenciase modifica en función del disolvente. Los desplazamientos producidos están relacionados con el diferente gradode solvatación de las moléculas en estado excitado según la polaridad del disolvente. La adición de ácidos mineralesprovoca desplazamientos en los máximos de fluorescencia concordantes con los ya descritos para compuestos deestructura similar. Estas modificaciones espectrales tienen un gran interés analítico desde el punto de vista de laidentificación y caracterización de productos naturales de estructura fenólica

Miscellaneous notes on Ophrys × marinaltae (Orchidaceae) in the Valencian flora (E of Spain)

Se indica la segunda localidad de Ophrys × marinaltae M.R. Lowe, Piera & M.B. Crespo (O. dianica × O. speculum) en el territorio diánico de la provincia de Alicante, que corresponde a su tercera referencia en la Comunidad Valenciana. En la nueva estación, situada en las proximidades de Xàbia (Jávea), los progenitores putativos conviven en abundancia en claros de pinares y su floración es coincidente, habiéndose encontrado un solo ejemplar con caracteres intermedios. Además, se discute la asignación taxonómica de uno de los progenitores de este interesante híbrido, el endemismo O. dianica.The second locality of Ophrys × marinaltae M.R. Lowe, Piera & M.B. Crespo (O. dianica × O. speculum) is indicated in the Dianic territory of the province of Alicante, which corresponds to its third reference in the Valencian Community. In the new location, near Xábia (Jàvea), both putative parentals co-occur abundantly in openings of pine-groves, where they flower at the same time and a sole individual with intermediate characters was found. Furthermore, the taxonomic assignment of one of the parentals of this interesting hybrid, O. dianica, is discussed

Design and validation of the 1-week memory battery for assessing episodic memory and accelerated long-term forgetting in cognitively unimpaired subjects

Subtle decline in memory is thought to arise in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, detecting these initial cognitive difficulties cross-sectionally has been challenging, and the exact nature of the decline is still debated. Accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) has been recently suggested as one of the earliest and most sensitive indicators of memory dysfunction in subjects at risk of developing AD. The objective of this study was to design and validate the 1-week memory battery (1WMB) for assessing episodic memory and ALF in cognitively unimpaired individuals.The 1WMB is unique in that it assesses multimodal memory and measures recall at both short delay (20 min) and at long term (1 week). Forty-five cognitively unimpaired subjects were assessed with 1WMB and standardized neuropsychological tests. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), levels of anxiety and depression, and cognitive reserve were also measured.The tests of 1WMB showed a high internal consistency, and concurrent validity was observed with standard tests of episodic memory and executive functions. The analysis revealed a greater loss of information at 1 week compared to short-term forgetting (20 min). Performance in the 1WMB was affected by age and educational level, but was not associated with levels of anxiety and depression. Unlike standard tests, performance in the 1WMB correlated with measures of SCD.Our findings indicate that the 1WMB has good psychometric properties, and future studies are needed to explore its potential usefulness to assess cognitively unimpaired subjects at increased risk of developing AD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

UT-B-deficient mice develop renal dysfunction and structural damage

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Urea transporter UT-B is the major urea transporter in erythrocytes and the descending vasa recta in the kidney. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term UT-B deficiency on functional and structural defect in the kidney of 16-and 52-week-old UT-B-null mice.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>UT-B-knockout mice were generated by targeted gene disruption and lacked UT-B protein expression in all organs. The urinary concentrating ability of mice was studied in terms of daily urine output, urine osmolality, and urine and plasma chemistries. Changes in renal morphology were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The UT-B-null mice showed defective urine concentrating ability. The daily urine output in UT-B-null mice (2.5 ± 0.1 ml) was 60% higher and urine osmolality (985 ± 151 mosm) was significantly lower than that in wild-type mice (1463 ± 227 mosm). The 52-week-old UT-B-null mice exhibited polyuria after water deprivation, although urine osmolality was increased. At 52 weeks of age, over 31% of UT-B-null mice exhibited renal medullary atrophy because of severe polyuria and hydronephrosis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Long-term UT-B deficiency causes severe renal dysfunction and structural damage. These results demonstrate the important role of UT-B in countercurrent exchange and urine concentration.</p

Study of the solvatochromic effect on natural phenolic compounds

Se describen las características espectrofluorimétricas de dos derivados de quercetina aislados de las hojas de Flaveria bidentis, un derivado de 6-prenilpinocembrina, aislado de las raíces de Dalea elegans y un compuesto de estructura antraquinónica aislado de las hojas de Heterophyllaea pustulata. Todos ellos presentan espectros de absorción con máximos en la región UV-visible acordes con los grupos cromóforos presentes en su estructura. Los cuatro compuestos estudiados presentan fluorescencia nativa. La posición de los máximos de emisión de fluorescencia se modifica en función del disolvente. Los desplazamientos producidos están relacionados con el diferente grado de solvatación de las moléculas en estado excitado según la polaridad del disolvente. La adición de ácidos minerales provoca desplazamientos en los máximos de fluorescencia concordantes con los ya descritos para compuestos de estructura similar. Estas modificaciones espectrales tienen un gran interés analítico desde el punto de vista de la identificación y caracterización de productos naturales de estructura fenólica.The spectrofluorimetric behaviour of two derivatives of quercetin isolated from the leaves of Flaveria bidentis, a derivative of 6-prenylpinocembrin isolated from the roots of Dalea elegans and an anthraquinonic derivative isolated from the leaves of Heterophyllaea pustulata, is described. The UV-visible absorption spectra of these compounds exhibit the maximum values corresponding to the chromophores present in each structure. All of the compounds studied show native fluorescence in different solvents. The maximum shift in fluorescence emission to the red spectral region when the polarity of the solvents is increased, can be attributed to varying degrees of solvation in the excited state in the different solvents. Additions of small amounts of H2SO4 cause shifts in excitation and emission wavelengths, in agreement with those described for compounds with similar chemical structures. Such fluorescent spectral changes are of considerable analytical interest, given that they allow the presence of phenolic compounds in the extracts of natural plant material to be detected easily.Program for University Co-operation conve- ned in 2001 by Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional (AECI)

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease shows a distinct neuropsychological profile and more aggressive trajectories of cognitive decline than late-onset

Early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD and LOAD) share the same neuropathological traits but show distinct cognitive features. We aimed to explore baseline and longitudinal outcomes of global and domain-specific cognitive function in a well characterized cohort of patients with a biomarker-based diagnosis.In this retrospective cohort study, 195 participants were included and classified according to their age, clinical status, and CSF AD biomarker profile: 89 EOAD, 37 LOAD, 46 young healthy controls (age???65?years), and 23 old healthy controls (>65?years). All subjects underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging, APOE genotyping and lumbar puncture.We found distinct neuropsychological profiles between EOAD and LOAD at the time of diagnosis. Both groups showed similar performances on memory and language domains, but the EOAD patients displayed worsened deficits in visual perception, praxis, and executive tasks (p?<?0.05). Longitudinally, cognitive decline in EOAD was more pronounced than LOAD in the global outcomes at the expense of these non-amnestic domains. We found that years of education significantly influenced the decline in most of the neuropsychological tests. Besides, the APOE ?4 status showed a significant effect on the decline of memory-related tasks within the EOAD cohort (p?<?0.05).Age of onset is a main factor shaping the cognitive trajectories in AD patients, with younger age driving to a steeper decline of the non-memory domains. Years of education are related to a transversal decline in all cognitive domains and APOE ?4 status to a specific decline in memory performance in EOAD.© 2022 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association

Modelling the cascade of biomarker changes in GRN-related frontotemporal dementia

OBJECTIVE: Progranulin-related frontotemporal dementia (FTD-GRN) is a fast progressive disease. Modelling the cascade of multimodal biomarker changes aids in understanding the aetiology of this disease and enables monitoring of individual mutation carriers. In this cross-sectional study, we estimated the temporal cascade of biomarker changes for FTD-GRN, in a data-driven way. METHODS: We included 56 presymptomatic and 35 symptomatic GRN mutation carriers, and 35 healthy non-carriers. Selected biomarkers were neurofilament light chain (NfL), grey matter volume, white matter microstructure and cognitive domains. We used discriminative event-based modelling to infer the cascade of biomarker changes in FTD-GRN and estimated individual disease severity through cross-validation. We derived the biomarker cascades in non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD) to understand the differences between these phenotypes. RESULTS: Language functioning and NfL were the earliest abnormal biomarkers in FTD-GRN. White matter tracts were affected before grey matter volume, and the left hemisphere degenerated before the right. Based on individual disease severities, presymptomatic carriers could be delineated from symptomatic carriers with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.1%. The estimated disease severity strongly correlated with functional severity in nfvPPA, but not in bvFTD. In addition, the biomarker cascade in bvFTD showed more uncertainty than nfvPPA. CONCLUSION: Degeneration of axons and language deficits are indicated to be the earliest biomarkers in FTD-GRN, with bvFTD being more heterogeneous in disease progression than nfvPPA. Our data-driven model could help identify presymptomatic GRN mutation carriers at risk of conversion to the clinical stage

Migrant health in Italy: a better health status difficult to maintain-country of origin and assimilation effects studied from the Italian risk factor surveillance data

Many studies on migrant health have focused on aspects of morbidity and mortality, but very few approach the relevant issues of migrants' health considering behavioral risk factors. Previous studies have often been limited methodologically because of sample size or lack of information on migrant country of origin. Information about risk factors is fundamental to direct any intervention, particularly with regard to non-communicable diseases that are leading causes of death and disease. Thus, the main focus of our analysis is the influence of country of origin and the assimilation process