Convento de São Francisco de Real (Braga). Projeto de instalação da Unidade de Arqueologia da Universidade do Minho

O presente relatório é respeitante à campanha de trabalhos arqueológicos levada a cabo no convento de S. Francisco de Real (Braga) durante o ano de 2016, cujo plano de trabalhos foi oportunamente submetido à aprovação da tutela, tendo sido emitido parecer favorável (ofício S-2016/402153 (C.s: 1111672)). Os trabalhos deram continuidade aos iniciados em 2015, inseridos no projeto de “Instalação de Unidade de Arqueologia da Universidade do Minho” no referido imóvel, conforme exposto no relatório anterior. O convento de S. Francisco de Real (Braga) trata-se de um edifício anexo ao mausoléu (‘capela’) de S. Frutuoso, classificado como Monumento Nacional (Decreto n.º 33 587, DG, I Série, n.º 63, de 27-03-1944), estando abrangido por ZEP (Portaria n.º 624/2014, DR, 2.ª série, n.º 143, de 28-07-2014.É um monumento de fundação antiga, podendo ser identificáveis várias fases, estando as principais enquadradas num vasto período temporal balizado entre o séc. VII e XVIII

Techniques for Measuring Aerosol Attenuation using the Central Laser Facility at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory in Malargüe, Argentina, is designed to study the properties of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with energies above 10(18)eV. It is a hybrid facility that employs a Fluorescence Detector to perform nearly calorimetric measurements of Extensive Air Shower energies. To obtain reliable calorimetric information from the FD, the atmospheric conditions at the observatory need to be continuously monitored during data acquisition. In particular, light attenuation due to aerosols is an important atmospheric correction. The aerosol concentration is highly variable, so that the aerosol attenuation needs to be evaluated hourly. We use light from the Central Laser Facility, located near the center of the observatory site, having an optical signature comparable to that of the highest energy showers detected by the FD. This paper presents two procedures developed to retrieve the aerosol attenuation of fluorescence light from CLF laser shots. Cross checks between the two methods demonstrate that results from both analyses are compatible, and that the uncertainties are well understood. The measurements of the aerosol attenuation provided by the two procedures are currently used at the Pierre Auger Observatory to reconstruct air shower data.Peer Reviewe

Motivation and physical activity in COPD: An exploratory study

A key factor for the adoption of an active lifestyle is self-determined motivation; however, it is often overlooked in COPD. Understanding the motives underlying patients’ decision to be (or not) physically active will provide insight into future interventions. This study assessed the motives for patients with COPD to engage in physical activity (PA) and their association with PA behaviour. A cross-sectional study was conducted in stable patients with COPD. Motivation was assessed with the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 (EMI-2; score 0[Not at all true for me]–5[Very true for me]; 5 dimensions) and PA with accelerometry [ActiGraph-GT3X+, 7 days; moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), steps/day]. Spearman’s correlations (ρ) were used to assess their relationship. 60 participants were enrolled (67.2±7.7 years; 76.7% men; FEV1 49.5±19.7pp). Patients’ motives to be physically active were mostly Health, Fitness and Psychological. Correlations with PA were weak and non-significant (p>0.05) (Table 1). Patients with COPD value Health, Fitness and Psychological motives to be physically active, although these are not related to their PA behaviour. Findings highlight the complex nature of PA and the need to further explore factors influencing PA and motivation in this population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Results of a Self-Triggered Prototype System for Radio-Detection of Extensive Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We describe the experimental setup and the results of RAuger, a small radio-antenna array, consisting of three fully autonomous and self-triggered radio-detection stations, installed close to the center of the Surface Detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. The setup has been designed for the detection of the electric field strength of air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays, without using an auxiliary trigger from another detection system. Installed in December 2006, RAuger was terminated in May 2010 after 65 registered coincidences with the SD. The sky map in local angular coordinates (i.e., zenith and azimuth angles) of these events reveals a strong azimuthal asymmetry which is in agreement with a mechanism dominated by a geomagnetic emission process. The correlation between the electric field and the energy of the primary cosmic ray is presented for the first time, in an energy range covering two orders of magnitude between 0.1 EeV and 10 EeV. It is demonstrated that this setup is relatively more sensitive to inclined showers, with respect to the SD. In addition to these results, which underline the potential of the radio-detection technique, important information about the general behavior of self-triggering radio-detection systems has been obtained. In particular, we will discuss radio self-triggering under varying local electric-field conditions.Peer Reviewe

Identifying Clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using Infrared Satellite Data

We describe a new method of identifying night-time clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared data from the Imager instruments on the GOES-12 and GOES-13 satellites. We compare cloud identifications resulting from our method to those obtained by the Central Laser Facility of the Auger Observatory. Using our new method we can now develop cloud probability maps for the 3000 km^2 of the Pierre Auger Observatory twice per hour with a spatial resolution of ~2.4 km by ~5.5 km. Our method could also be applied to monitor cloud cover for other ground-based observatories and for space-based observatories.Peer Reviewe

What motivates patients with COPD to be physically active? A cross-sectional study

Motivation can be broadly defined as what moves people to act. Low motivation is a frequently reported factor for the reduced physical activity (PA) levels observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study assessed patients' motives to be physically active, according to three pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) participation groups (Never PR, Previous PR and Current PR) and explored whether these motives were related to the PA levels and clinical characteristics. The motives to be physically active were assessed with the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 (EMI-2, 14 motivational factors, five dimensions) and PA with accelerometry (PA groups: 0.05) but having less symptoms and ≥two comorbidities were associated with higher scores in psychological/health and body-related motives, respectively (p < 0.05). The findings may encourage health professionals to actively explore with patients their motives to be physically active to individualise PA promotion.publishe

The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above $10^{17}$ eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water-Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km$^2$ overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km$^2$, 61-detector infilled array with 750 m spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km$^2$ sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Auger Observatory.Peer Reviewe

Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Mean number in highly inclined events

We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultrahigh energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between 62° and 80°. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded simultaneously with the surface detector array and the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The muon number for each shower is derived by scaling a simulated reference profile of the lateral muon density distribution at the ground until it fits the data. A 1019  eV shower with a zenith angle of 67°, which arrives at the surface detector array at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level, contains on average (2.68±0.04±0.48(sys))×107 muons with energies larger than 0.3 GeV. The logarithmic gain dlnNμ/dlnE of muons with increasing energy between 4×1018  eV and 5×1019  eV is measured to be (1.029±0.024±0.030(sys)).Peer Reviewe

Large Scale Distribution of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory With Zenith Angles up to 80°

We present the results of an analysis of the large angular scale distribution of the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 4 EeV detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory including for the first time events with zenith angle between 60° and 80°. We perform two Rayleigh analyses, one in the right ascension and one in the azimuth angle distributions, that are sensitive to modulations in right ascension and declination, respectively. The largest departure from isotropy appears in the $E\gt 8$ EeV energy bin, with an amplitude for the first harmonic in right ascension $r_{1}^{\alpha }=(4.4\pm 1.0)\times {{10}^{-2}}$, that has a chance probability $P(\geqslant r_{1}^{\alpha })=6.4\times {{10}^{-5}}$, reinforcing the hint previously reported with vertical events alone.Peer Reviewe