TAXONOMY OF MELASTOMATACEAE JUSS. IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (2012-2021)

We present a systematic review of the current taxonomic knowledge of Melastomataceae in the Brazilian Cerrado, covering the period from 2012 to 2021. The review includes a historical approach to the studies carried out in this period, as well as the circumscriptions of the family, tribes and genera. Additionally, studies on new species, studies on the flora that represent the group, and its geographic distribution in the different phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado and Brazilian regions, along with reviews of genera, are also addressed. The objective of this work is to highlight the importance of taxonomic studies in the Brazilian Cerrado, to value existing knowledge, and to offer contributions on the potential of these researches, as well as future studies in areas that are still lacking. To carry out the systematic review, the search strategy was used with the descriptors: Melastomataceae (and) Cerrado (and) Brazil, in the databases of Periódico CAPES and Google Scholar. Initially, 5,904 publications were identified. After reading the title and abstract, 320 works that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. In the second stage, the publications were read, and 155 were selected that aligned with the objectives of this study. Most studies focus on the description of new species, with the largest number of publications in the years 2016, 2018 and 2019, mainly in areas of rocky fields). A total of 76 municipalities were cited, distributed in 10 Brazilian states and the Federal District, with the largest number of taxonomic studies of Melastomataceae found in the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás and Bahia. Five journals stood out: Phytotaxa, Systematic Botany, Rodriguésia, Kew Bulletin and Brittonia. The Federal University of Uberlandia presented the largest number of publications of Course Completion Work and dissertations. Specialist researchers from the Federal University of Uberlândia, State University of Campinas, State University of Maringá, University of Brasília, State University of Feira de Santana, Federal University of Goiás and The New York Botanical Garden (USA) also stood out. The use of the free-walking methodology was observed instead of the fixed area plot allocation method. Based on this information, the relevance of this study is emphasized, as it addresses lesser-explored regions of the Cerrado in relation to the flora of Melastomataceae, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity of this group in the ecosystem. This systematic literature mapping can contribute to the improvement of the group's regional data for the Cerrado

The Role of Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Production of Fermented Beverages in South America

Fermentation is one of the oldest forms of food preservation in the world. In South America, most fermented beverages are nondairy products featuring several other food raw materials such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Generally, natural fermentations are carried out by yeast and lactic acid bacteria forming a complex microbiota that acts in cooperation. Yeast have a prominent role in the production of beverages, due to the ability to accumulate high levels of ethanol and to produce highly desirable aroma compounds, but lactic acid bacteria are particularly important in fermentation because they produce desirable acids, flavor compounds, and peptides that inhibit the growth of undesirable organisms. Among the South America beverages based on cereals and vegetables, the fermented beverages chicha, caxiri, cauim and champús, and cachaça, a fermented and distilled beverage, could be cited. Genetic and physiological analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from cachaça have been shown to present interesting traits for beer production, such as flocculation and production of aroma compounds, fundamental to high-quality beer. The study of these traditional beverages allows the identification of new microorganism strains displaying enhanced resistance or new flavor and aroma profiles that could lead to applications in several industries and ultimately new products

Um Web App com elementos de u-learning e gamificação voltado ao contexto da pedagogia da alternância

A U-learning emerge como um novo paradigma educacional que possibilita aprendizagem contínua, contextualizada e colaborativa, destacadamente, em espaços urbanos. Por outro lado, a educação do campo tem ficado a margem desses avanços, sendo necessário uma reflexão sobre a importância de se buscar desenvolver alternativas para diminuir essa lacuna existente. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um sistema desenvolvido com elementos da aprendizagem significativa ubíqua e gamificação voltado para cursos de agroecologia, que adotam a pedagogia da alternância como método educativo muito presente em iniciativas da educação do campo. Para guiar os procedimentos realizados, foi empregada a Design Science Research Methodology. Como resultado, obteve-se um artefato de software com potencial de contribuir com a formação dos aprendizes de maneira colaborativa e contextualizada

Agriculture, habitat loss and spatial patterns of human occupation in a biodiversity hotspot

O bioma Cerrado é o segundo maior da região Neotropical e é formado por mosaico de diferentes tipos de hábitats, desde campos abertos até florestas densas. Um recente e intensivo processo de ocupação humana tem transformado essa eco-região em uma das mais importantes regiões para agropecuária no Brasil. Uma abordagem macroecológica foi utilizada para elucidar padrões em amplas escalas espaciais de perdas de hábitat no Cerrado brasileiro, implementando técnicas de autocorrelação espacial e análises de regressão parcial para entender como a proporção de remanescentes de vegetação natural está correlacionada com variáveis socioeconômicas, expressando diferentes dimensões de ocupação humana e com variações climáticas. Em média, 59% da área é ocupada por remanescentes de vegetação, na escala da análise, mesmo que os padrões de perda de hábitat estejam fortemente estruturados no espaço, com o coeficiente de autocorrelação espacial de I de Moran igual a 0,825 ± 0,055 (p < 0 ,001). As análises de regressão parcial explicaram 89% da variação no percentual de remanescente de vegetação. A maior proporção da variância é explicada pela sobreposição múltipla entre a ocupação humana, variação climática e a estrutura geográfica (67%), bem como pelo componente estruturado climaticamente da ocupação humana (8%). Baseado no processo interativo no tempo e no espaço da ocupação humana no bioma, cenários futuros devem ser mais pessimistas. Se o movimento de ocupação continuar em direção a região Norte do bioma, como esperado, nós podemos predizer que as proporções de remanescente de vegetação natural irão declinar rapidamente, indicando assim uma forte perda da biodiversidade nas escalas do bioma.The Cerrado biome, the second largest biome in Neotropical region, consists of a mosaic of different habitat types, ranging from open grasslands to dense woodlands and dry forests. An intensive recent occupation process has transformed it into the most important region for cattle ranching and intensive commodity crops in Brazil. In this study, a macroecological approach was used to evaluate broad-scale spatial patterns of habitat loss in the Brazilian Cerrado, applying a series of spatial autocorrelation and partial regression analyses to understand how the proportion of remaining natural habitats is correlated with socio-economic variables, expressing different dimensions of human occupation and climatic variation. On average, 59% of the area is occupied by natural remnants at the spatial scale analyzed, although patterns of habitat loss are strongly spatially structured, with a Moran's I spatial autocorrelation coefficient equal to 0.825 ± 0.055 (p < 0.001). The partial regression analysis explains 89% of variation in percentage of natural remnants. The highest proportion of variance is explained by the multiple overlap between human occupation, climatic variation and geographic structure (67%), as well as by the climatically structured component of human occupation (8%). Based on the space-time interactive process of human occupation in the biome, future scenarios should be rather pessimistic. If the wave of human occupation continues towards the northern parts of the biome, as expected, we can predict that percentages will decline rapidly including even stronger losses of habitat at the biome scale

CORRELATION BETWEEN THE CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS LEVEL AND HABITUAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE RECRUITS

Cardiorespiratory fitness is the ability to maintain moderate or high-intensity efforts for long periods of time and is highly related to physical activity habits and fitness levels. Analyzing habitual physical activity in military personnel and its relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness is consequently fundamental. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the correlation between the cardiorespiratory fitness level and habitual physical activity in Brazilian Air Force recruits. The sample consisted of 86 recruits in the final phase of the soldier training course. Data was collected using the 12-minute cardiorespiratory fitness test and the Baecke questionnaire validated for the Portuguese language to assess the practice of habitual physical activity. Descriptive statistics were used for sample characterization and exploratory analysis. The distribution of data normality was analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by Pearson’s correlation test and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the groups with lower and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. The significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was adopted. According to the results, 63.9% of the sample had satisfactory cardiorespiratory fitness levels (good and excellent). No significant correlations were observed between cardiorespiratory fitness and habitual physical activity indices, except for the physical exercise/sports index (p= 0.05). It was found that only the Body Mass Index showed a difference (p= 0.017, Effect Size= 0.637) between the cardiorespiratory fitness groups. It is concluded that most military recruits have adequate cardiorespiratory fitness levels, but these are not influenced by the habitual practice of physical activity.  Article visualizations

INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTRESSE SALINO SOBRE A EMERGÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DO PINHÃO MANSO

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a influ&ecirc;ncia do estresse salino sobre a emerg&ecirc;ncia e desenvolvimento inicial do pinh&atilde;o manso (Jatropha curcas L.). Os tratamentos constaram de dois sais (NaCl e KCl) e seis concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es (0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0; 8,0 e 10 dS.m-1) distribu&iacute;dos em quatro repeti&ccedil;&otilde;es de 50 sementes, num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em arranjo fatorial 2x6. As vari&aacute;veis analisadas foram compostas pela porcentagem de emerg&ecirc;ncia (EMERG), &iacute;ndice de velocidade de emerg&ecirc;ncia (IVE), tempo m&eacute;dio de emerg&ecirc;ncia (TME), comprimento da parte a&eacute;rea (CPA), comprimento de raiz (CR), peso seco da parte a&eacute;rea (PSPA) e peso seco da raiz (PSR). As maiores concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es com 8 e 10 dS.m-1 de KCl causaram efeito negativo sobre a emerg&ecirc;ncia do pinh&atilde;o manso. Independente dos sais, o aumento da concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o promoveu redu&ccedil;&atilde;o crescente dos comprimentos da parte a&eacute;rea e da raiz do pinh&atilde;o manso. O incremento das concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es de NaCl e KCl causaram decr&eacute;scimo da mat&eacute;ria seca da parte a&eacute;rea e da raiz, com o KCl causando maior redu&ccedil;&atilde;o. O estresse salino provocou no pinh&atilde;o manso maior diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o do crescimento e da mat&eacute;ria seca da parte a&eacute;rea do que da raiz. &nbsp

Association between respiratory capacity, quality of life and cognitive function in elderly individuals

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between respiratory capacity, quality of life and cognitive function in elderly individuals. METHODS: The sample included 386 elderly individuals (232 women). Respiratory capacity assessment was based on maximal expiratory pressure measured at peak expiratory flow. Subjects were classified according to peak expiratory flow values adjusted for sex, age and height of individuals with normal (peak expiratory flow curve 60%) or reduced (peak expiratory flow curve < 60%) respiratory capacity. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination were used to assess quality of life and cognitive function, respectively. RESULTS: Elderly women with reduced respiratory capacity scored lower on the Mini-Mental State Examination (p=0.048) and quality of life questionnaire (p=0.040) compared to those with normal respiratory capacity. These differences were not observed in men (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Reduced respiratory capacity was associated with poorer quality of life and cognitive function in elderly women. These associations were not observed in elderly men

Investigation of stress, anxiety and depression in women with fibromyalgia: a comparative study

Introduction:Depression has emerged as the most prevalent mental disorder in patients with fibromyalgia. Stress, whose stages are alarm, resistance, near-exhaustion and exhaustion, constitutes a physical reaction to a threatening situation.Objective:To investigate the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in women with fibromyalgia, comparing them with those of healthy women.Patients and methods:Participants were 50 women, 25 with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, and 25 without this diagnosis, matched for age. Instruments used: Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (LISS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).Results:The mean age was 49.36 years for the group with fibromyalgia (FM) and 49.20 years for the group without fibromyalgia (non-FM). FM showed a higher incidence of stress (96%) compared with non-FM (5%). The resistance phase was predominant in both groups, FM (42%) and non-FM (100%). In FM there was distribution of the four stages (alarm, resistance, near-exhaustion and exhaustion). The differences between phases in the analyzed groups were significant (p < 0.001). FM showed predominance of psychological symptoms (54%); non-FM did show the same frequency of psychological and physical/psychological (40%) symptoms. Symptoms of state and trait anxiety and of depression in FM were significantly higher, when compared with non-FM (p < 0.01).Conclusion:Stress index (96%), trait anxiety (over 50) and clinically relevant depression (greater than 20) in FM were relevant. The understanding of the emotional variables involved in fibromyalgia is important to define the therapeutic strategy.Introdução:A depressão tem se apresentado como o transtorno mental mais prevalente em pacientes com fibromialgia. O estresse, cujas fases são alarme, resistência, quase-exaustão e exaustão, constitui importante reação do organismo frente a uma situação ameaçadora.Objetivo:Investigar os índices de estresse, ansiedade e depressão em mulheres com fibromialgia, comparando-os com os de mulheres saudáveis.Pacientes e métodos:Participaram 50 mulheres, 25 com o diagnóstico de fibromialgia, segundo os critérios do American College of Rheumatology, e 25 sem o diagnóstico, pareadas por idade. Instrumentos utilizados: Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) e Inventário de Depressão Beck (BDI).Resultados:Idade média de 49,36 anos para o grupo com fibromialgia (FM) e 49,20 anos para o grupo sem fibromialgia (não FM). O FM apresentou maior incidência de estresse (96%) quando comparado com o não FM (5%). A fase de resistência foi predominante nos dois grupos, FM (42%) e não FM (100%). No FM verificou-se distribuição nas quatro fases (alerta, resistência, quase-exaustão e exaustão). As diferenças entre as fases nos grupos analisados foram significativas (p<0,001). O FM apresentou predominância de sintomas psicológicos (54%), o não FM apresentou a mesma frequência de sintomas psicológico e físico/psicológico (40%). Os sintomas de ansiedade estado e traço e depressão do FM foram significativamente superiores, quando comparados com o não FM (p<0,01).Conclusão:Constatou-se índice de estresse (96%), traço de ansiedade (superior a 50) e depressão clinicamente (superior a 20) relevantes no FM. O entendimento das variáveis emocionais envolvidas na fibromialgia é importante na definição da terapêutica.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências do Movimento HumanoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de BiociênciasUniversidade Metropolitana de SantosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Saúde, Educação e SociedadeUNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências do Movimento HumanoUNIFESP, Depto. de BiociênciasUNIFESP, Depto. de Saúde, Educação e SociedadeSciEL

Population Pharmacokinetic Study of a Test Dose Busulfan Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo), BrazilOnco-Hematology Unit, Instituto da Criança - HC - FMUSP, Sao Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, BrazilHematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Dept, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, BrazilHematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Dept, UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo), BrazilPediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Instituto de Oncologia Pediatrica, São Paulo, BrazilHematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Dept, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, BrazilClinical Research Center, Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Medicine - Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Case Western Reserve University, ClevelandUNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo), BrazilHematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Dept, UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo), BrazilWeb of Scienc