Análise integrada dos sistemas de gestão da sanidade e licenciamento em ruminantes

Trabalho de Projecto para obtenção do Mestrado em Tecnologias da Produção AnimalPara assegurar um elevado nível de proteção da vida e da saúde humana, é necessário garantir normas exigentes relativas à saúde animal. O surgimento de uma doença, pode assumir rapidamente as proporções de uma epizootia, causando graves prejuízos sobre a rentabilidade das explorações afetadas e ainda podem constituir uma ameaça para a saúde pública. Deste modo, por forma a evitar o aparecimento de novas doenças e controlar as atividades das explorações, surgiu a necessidade de estabelecer programas/sistemas baseados em legislação especifica, garantindo a rastreabilidade dos animais que circulam dentro do espaço comunitário, identificando e registando toda a informação sobre, nomeadamente, pequenos e grandes ruminantes.Assim, existem atualmente, várias bases de dados que permitem registar, organizar e aceder à informação sobre a exploração pecuária, o detentor dos animais, os efetivos pecuários, a localização dos mesmos e a movimentação animal, entre outros aspetos relacionados com as várias atividades produtivas e sanitárias. O presente trabalho baseia-se na análise da informação vertida em cada um dos programas gestores das bases de dados, nomeadamente, os que contêm informação acerca da sanidade animal e licenciamento das explorações pecuárias, tendo sido analisados individualmente os seguintes programas: PISA – Programa Informático de Sanidade Animal; SNIRA – Sistema Nacional de Informação e Registo Animal;REAP – Regime de Exercício da Atividade Pecuária. Com esta análise foi possível detetar as virtudes e as limitações dos referidos programas e perceber até que ponto existe a capacidade de incorporação da informação, agora dispersa, num sistema integrado, mais eficaz, mais operacional e sobretudo mais facilitador do ponto de vista do utilizador/criador.ABSTRACT: To ensure a high level of protection of life and human health, it is necessary to ensure high standards relating to animal health. The emergence of a disease can quickly take on epizootic proportions, causing serious losses on the profitability of farms affected and can still pose a threat to public health. Thus, in order to avoid the emergence of new diseases and control the activities of farms, the need arose to establish programs/systems based on specific legislation, ensuring the traceability of animals that circulate within the space community, identifying and recording all information, in particular, small and large ruminants. So, there are currently several databases that enable register, organize and access information about the livestock, the keeper of the animals, the livestock, their locations and animal handling, and other aspects related to the various productive activities and health. This study is based on analysis of information poured into each program managers of databases, including those that contain information about the animal and licensing of livestock farms have been analyzed individually the following programs: PISA – Computer Program for Animal Health; SNIRA – National Information System and Registration Animal; REAP – Regime Exercise Activity Livestock. With this analysis it was possible to detect the strengths and limitations of the programs and realize how far is the ability to incorporate the information, now dispersed in an integrated system, more efficient, operational and more particularly from the standpoint of facilitating the user/breeder

Satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros de um hospital da região centro

Enquadramento: As mudanças socioeconómicas e laborais têm sido responsáveis por um desgaste físico e mental dos profissionais, com consequências no aumento da insatisfação profissional. Em enfermagem a insatisfação pode refletir-se na qualidade dos cuidados prestados e no bem-estar individual. Objetivos: Avaliar a satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros de um hospital distrital da zona centro; identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais que influenciam a satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros e analisar a influência das variáveis psicológicas (personalidade e burnout) na satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, com recurso a uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 192 enfermeiros. Utilizou-se o questionário autoaplicado, para a caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional, o Inventário de Personalidade de Eysenck (EPI-12), o Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBIGS) e a Escala de Satisfação Profissional (Pereira, 2010). Resultados: A média de idades dos enfermeiros foi de 39.32 ±7.99 anos, maioritariamente enfermeiras (75.5%), que habitam na cidade, casadas, com a categoria de enfermeiro a desempenhar funções de prestação de cuidados em horário rotativo com um contrato de trabalho de funções públicas e a exercer a profissão à 15.96 ±7.54 anos. Cerca de 53.65% dos enfermeiros revelaram insatisfação com a profissão, com prevalência no sexo masculino (p=0.015). Os enfermeiros não apresentaram perturbações da personalidade nem burnout, contudo, verificou-se uma relação de dependência entre o género e o neuroticismo (p=0.006) e o cinismo (p=0.012). O neuroticismo relacionou-se com a satisfação profissional (r=-0.236; p=0.001).O burnout associou-se significativamente com a satisfação profissional: exaustão emocional/física (r=-0.573; p=0.000), cinismo (r=-0.611; p=0.000) e eficácia profissional (r=0.266; p=0.000). Conclusão: A maioria dos enfermeiros referiu insatisfação profissional. A insatisfação profissional é influente na perda da qualidade laboral. Emerge a necessidade da implementação de estratégias interventivas, no sentido da melhoria da satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros e consequentemente, melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados prestados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE - Satisfação Profissional, Enfermeiros, Personalidade, Burnout.ABSTRACT Framework: The socio-economical and labour changes have been responsible for a physical and mental weariness of the professionals, with consequences in the increase of the professional dissatisfaction. In nursing, the dissatisfaction may reflect in the quality of the provided cares and in the individual well being. Objectives: Evaluate the professional satisfaction of the nurses of a district hospital in the central area; identify the socio-demographic and professional variables that influence the professional satisfaction of the nurses and analyze the influence of the psychological variables (personality and burnout) on the professional satisfaction of the nurses. Methods: Descriptive and correlated transversal study, using by convenience a nonprobabilistic sample, of 192 nurses. It was used a self applied questionnaire, for the sociodemographic and professional characterization, the Personality Inventory of Eysenck (EPI- 12), the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Professional Satisfaction Scale (Pereira, 2010). Results: The average age of the nurses was of 39.32 ±7.99 years, in their majority female nurses (75.5%), living in the city, married, with the nurse category exercising functions of healthcare in rotating schedules with a public worker contract and exercising the profession for 15.96 ±7.54 years. Around 53.65% of the nurses are not satisfied with the profession, this being most prevalent in the male gender (p=0.015). The nurses did not show any personality disturbances or burnout, however, it was verified a dependency relation between the gender and the neuroticism (p=0.006) and the cynicism (p=0.012). The neuroticism was related with the personal satisfaction (r=-0.236; p=0.001). The burnout was significantly associated with personal satisfaction: emotional/physical exhaustion (r=-0.573; p=0.000), cynicism (r=-0.611; p=0.000) and professional efficiency (r=0.266; p=0.000). Conclusion: The majority of the nurses indicate professional dissatisfaction. The professional dissatisfaction is influential in the loss of work quality. The need emerges to implement new interventional strategies, to increase the professional satisfaction of the nurses and, consequently, increase the quality of the provided services. KEYWORDS - Professional Satisfaction, Nurses, Personality, Burnout

Ganho ponderal gestacional : impacto na saúde da mulher

Enquadramento: O aumento ponderal elevado durante a gravidez pode ocasionar frequentemente aumento de peso no pós-parto e posterior obesidade na mulher, tal como nos revelam os mais diversos estudos científicos nacionais e internacionais. Objetivos: Analisar a relação existente entre o ganho ponderal gestacional e as variáveis sociodemográficas e obstétricas bem como analisar a sua relação com o estado nutricional atual da mulher. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospetivo, quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional, de uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 1424 mulheres cujos filhos nasceram entre 2004 e 2006. Resultados: A maioria das participantes tinha entre 19 e 35 anos quando engravidou, residem numa zona urbana, são casadas, com o ensino secundário/tecnológico e empregadas. A maioria não teve diabetes gestacional e o ganho ponderal gestacional, foi em média de 11,81 kg. A maioria teve um ganho ponderal abaixo do recomendado. Quanto ao estado nutricional atual, encontramos uma média de peso de 64,71 kg, que representa um IMC = 25.03 com um valor mínimo de 39 kg (IMC=15.90) e um valor máximo de 122 kg (IMC=43.67). A maioria apresenta atualmente um peso eutrófico. A escolaridade, a residência, a idade materna e a diabetes gestacionais são variáveis que influenciam o ganho ponderal gestacional. Apenas as variáveis sociodemográficas (escolaridade, residência e situação laboral) apresentam uma relação estatisticamente significativa com o estado nutricional atual da mulher. Analisando a relação entre o estado nutricional atual da mulher com o ganho ponderal gestacional, verificamos que estas apresentam uma relação de dependência estatisticamente significativa, ou seja, as mulheres que apresentam atualmente peso eutrófico, foram as que tiveram um ganho ponderal gestacional abaixo do recomendado, enquanto as que têm pré-obesidade e obesidade tiveram aumento ponderal gestacional acima do recomendado. Conclusão: Perante uma epidemia mundial de obesidade, bem como um aumento da prevalência da obesidade nas mulheres em idade reprodutiva e um aumento do ganho de peso na gravidez, torna-se imperioso que o enfermeiro de ESMOG estabeleça um plano de intervenções precoces e eficazes antes, durante e após a gravidez, de forma a reduzir os riscos maternos e fetais, presentes e futuros. Os fatores obstétricos, sociodemográficos e comportamentais, são determinantes para o ganho de peso gestacional e consequentes repercussões na saúde da mulher. Palavra-chave: Ganho Ponderal gestacional; Obesidade; gravidez; IMC.ABSTRACT Background: The high weight increase during pregnancy can cause postpartum weight gain often and later obesity in women, as we reveal the most diverse national and international scientific studies. Objectives: To Analyze the relationship between gestational weight gain and socio-demographic variables and obstetric and analyze your relationship with current nutritional status of women. Methods: This is a retrospective study, quantitative, descriptive and co relational, a non-probability sample of convenience, composed of 1424 women whose children were born between 2004 and 2006. Results: Most of the participants had between 19 and 35 years old when she got pregnant, reside in an urban zone, are married, with the secondary/technology and employed. Most had gestational diabetes and gestational weight gain, was on average of 11.81 pounds. Most had a weight gain below the recommended. As for the current nutritional status, we found an average of 64.71 weight kg, which represents a BMI = 25.03 with a minimum value of 39 kg (BMI = 15.90) and a maximum value of 122 kg (BMI = 43.67). Most have currently a eutrophic weight. Schooling, residence, maternal age and gestational diabetes are variables that influence the gestational weight gain. Only demographic variables (schooling, housing and labour status) present a statistically significant relationship with current nutritional status of women. Analyzing the relation the current nutritional state of the woman with the gestational weight gain profit enters, verifies that these present a relation of statistical significant dependence, that is, the women that present eutrófic weight currently, had been the ones that had a gestational weight gain profit below of the recommended one, while the ones that have daily pre-obesity and obesity had gestational weight gain increase above of the recommended one. Conclusion: Faced with a worldwide epidemic of obesity, as well as an increase in the prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age and an increase in weight gain in pregnancy, it becomes imperative that the ESMOG nurse establish a plan of early and effective interventions before, during and after pregnancy, to reduce the maternal and fetal risks, present and future. Obstetric factors, sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, are crucial for gestational weight gain and consequent repercussions on women's health. Keyword: gestational Weight Gain; Obesity; pregnancy; IMC

Cytokines and intrathecal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients during clinical remission

Cytokines and intrathecal IgG synthesis were determined in the cerebrospina fluid (CSF) and sera to evaluate inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during clinical remission. Although the disease was stable, there had been a significant increase of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha and IFN gamma in the CSF and serum, with no significant changes of IL12 and IL10 production. The changes in the cytokine production patterns were associated with an increase of leukocytes in the CSF, as well as the presence of oligoclonal bands suggesting intrathecal IgG synthesis. These results suggest that even when the disease is clinically silent, one can observe inflammatory activity in these MS patients.63491491

Malocclusion, psycho-social impacts and treatment need: A cross-sectional study of Tanzanian primary school-children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>studies on the relationship between children's malocclusion and its psycho-social impacts are so far largely unexplored in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malocclusion, reported dental problems and dissatisfaction with dental appearance among primary school children in Tanzania. The relationship of dissatisfaction with socio-demographic characteristics, clinically defined malocclusion and psychosocial impacts of dental anomalies was investigated. Orthodontic treatment need was estimated using an integrated socio-dental approach.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>One thousand six hundred and one children (mean age 13 yr) attending primary schools in the districts of Kinondoni and Temeke completed face to face interviews and a full mouth clinical examination. The survey instrument was designed to measure a Kiswahili translated and culturally adapted Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) frequency score, reported dental problems, dissatisfaction with dental appearance/function and socio-demographic characteristics.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of malocclusion varied from 0.9% (deep bite) to 22.5% (midline shift) with a total of 63.8% having at least one type of anomaly. Moderate proportions of children admitted dental problems; ranging from 7% (space position) to 20% (pain). The odds ratio of having problems with teeth position, spaces, pain and swallowing if having any malocclusion were, respectively 6.7, 3.9, 1.4 and 6.8. A total of 23.3% children were dissatisfied with dental appearance/function. Children dissatisfied with their dental appearance were less likely to be Temeke residents (OR = 0.5) and having parents of higher education (OR = 0.6) and more likely to reporting problem with teeth position (OR = 4.3) and having oral impacts (OR = 2.7). The socio-dental treatment need of 12% was five times lower than the normative need assessment of 63.8%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Compared to the high prevalence of malocclusion, psycho social impacts and dissatisfaction with appearance/function was not frequent among Tanzanian schoolchildren. Subjects with malocclusion reported problems most frequently and malocclusion together with other psycho-social impact scores determined children's satisfaction with teeth appearance- and function.</p

Costimulatory molecule expression on leukocytes from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis treated with IFN-beta

Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is of benefit in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but the mechanisms by which it exerts this beneficial effect remain uncertain. The present data demonstrate that IFN-beta therapy impairs the proliferative response to concanavalin A (ConA) and myelin basic protein (MBP), decreases expression of the CD80 molecule on leukocytes of treated mice, and may thereby impede the Th1 cell activation-promoting anergy in EAE. Moreover, IFN-beta therapy increases expression of the CTLA4 molecule, which induces a counterregulatory Th2 response. The reduction of CD80 expression with concomitant increase of CTLA4 expression alters the course of EAE and may be useful as a monitor in therapy with IFN-beta.23629329

Three little pieces for computer and relativity

Numerical relativity has made big strides over the last decade. A number of problems that have plagued the field for years have now been mostly solved. This progress has transformed numerical relativity into a powerful tool to explore fundamental problems in physics and astrophysics, and I present here three representative examples. These "three little pieces" reflect a personal choice and describe work that I am particularly familiar with. However, many more examples could be made.Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures. Plenary talk at "Relativity and Gravitation: 100 Years after Einstein in Prague", June 25 - 29, 2012, Prague, Czech Republic. To appear in the Proceedings (Edition Open Access). Collects results appeared in journal articles [72,73, 122-124

Combining ability of summer-squash lines with different degrees of parthenocarpy and PRSV-W resistance

The aim was to assess heterosis in a set of 16 summer-squash hybrids, and evaluate the combining capacity of the respective parental lines, which differed as to the degree of parthenocarpy and resistance to PRSV-W (Papaya Ringspot Virus-Watermelon strain). The hybrids were obtained using a partial diallel cross design (4 × 4). The lines of parental group I were 1 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-01-01-bulk, 2 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-03-10-bulk, 3 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-01-04-bulk and 4 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-05-01-bulk, and of group II, 1′ = ABX-037G-77-03-05-04-08-bulk, 2′ = ABX-037G-77-03-05-02-11-bulk, 3′ = Clarice and 4′ = Caserta. The 16 hybrids and eight parental lines were evaluated for PRSV-W resistance, parthenocarpic expression and yield in randomized complete-block designs, with three replications. Parthenocarpy and the resistance to PRSV-W were rated by means of a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 = non-parthenocarpic or high resistance to PRSV-W, and 5 = parthenocarpic or high susceptibility to PRSV-W. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the expression of parthenocarpy and resistance to PRSV-W. Whereas estimates of heterosis in parthenocarpy usually tended towards a higher degree, resistance to PRSV-W was towards higher susceptibility. At least one F1 hybrid was identified with a satisfactory degree of parthenocarpy, resistance to PRSV-W and high fruit-yield