TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Reação de genótipos de soja cultivados em terras baixas a Meloidogyne graminicola

Em áreas de terras baixas, na Metade Sul do RS, a soja (Glycine max) vem sendo cultivada como alternativa para a rotação com o arroz irrigado há mais de 11 anos (IRGA,2021). Atualmente, pouco se sabe sobre a resistência genética das cultivares de soja utilizadas nesses locais a Meloidogyne graminicola. Considerando-se a importância de ambas as culturas para o RS e, a ocorrência de M. graminicola nessas áreas de cultivo, foi objetivo desse estudo, avaliar a reação de diferentes genótipos de soja cultivadas em ambiente de terras baixas a referida espécie do nematoide das galhas

Waterlogging-induced changes in fermentative metabolism in roots and nodules of soybean genotypes

Waterlogging blocks the oxygen supply to the root system which inhibits respiration, and greatly reduces the energy status of cells that affect important metabolic processes. This study evaluated fermentative metabolism and carbohydrate contents in the root system of two soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) genotypes under hypoxic and post-hypoxic conditions. Nodulated plants (genotypes Fundacep 53 RR and BRS Macota) were grown in vermiculite and transferred to a hydroponic system at the reproductive stage. The root system was submitted to hypoxia by flowing N2 (nitrogen) gas in a solution for 24 and 72 h. For recovery, plants returned to normoxia condition by transfer to vermiculite for 24 and 72 h. Fermentative enzyme activity, levels of anaerobic metabolites and carbohydrate content were all quantified in roots and nodules. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes, as well as the content of ethanol and lactate, increased with hypoxia in roots and nodules, and subsequently returned to pre-hypoxic levels in the recovery phase in both genotypes. Pyruvate content increased in nodules and decreased in roots. Sugar and sucrose levels increased in roots and decreased in nodules under hypoxia in both genotypes. Fundacep RR 53 was more responsive to the metabolic effects caused by hypoxia and post-hypoxia than BRS Macota, and it is likely that these characteristics contribute positively to improving adaptation to oxygen deficiency

Desempenho de cultivares de girassol na Região Oeste Catarinense

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has been shown as an option to be cultivated in many regions of Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the performance of sunflower genotypes during the harvest period of 2007/08, in the western region of Santa Catarina State. The experiment design was randomized blocks with four repetitions for each treatment.Twenty-six genotypes were evaluated concerning these traits: cycle until bloom, plant density, plant height, diameter of the capitulum, number of plants fallen down, number of broken plants, curve of the stem, and yield. The cultivars differed significantly in relation to the traits studied, except for the density and the number of fallen down plants. Theaverage yield was 3,070kg/ha, above the national average yield (1,475kg/ha). Thus, it is possible to conclude that there are cultivars with potential to be cultivated in the western region of Santa Catarina.O girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) tem-se mostrado uma opção de cultivo em diversas regiões do País. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de girassol durante o ano agrícola 2007/08 na Região Oeste de Santa Catarina. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas 26 cultivares quanto a estas características: período da emergência até a floração, densidade de plantas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do capítulo, número de plantas acamadas, número de plantas quebradas, curvatura de caule e produtividade. As cultivares diferiram significativamente para as características estudadas, com exceção da densidade e do número de plantas acamadas. A produtividade média foi de 3.070kg/ha, acima da produtividade média nacional (1.475kg/ha). Pode-se concluir que há cultivares com potencial produtivo e agronômico para cultivo na Região Oeste catarinense

Nitrogen source influences the antioxidative system of soybean plants under hypoxia and re-oxygenation

In this work, we compared nitrate-supplied plants (non-nodulated) with non-nitratesupplied plants (nodulated) under oxygen privation of root system (hypoxia) and re-oxygenation (post-hypoxia; recovery) in order to verify whether N sources affect the antioxidant system during oxidative stress caused by hypoxia and post-hypoxia conditions. Antioxidant enzymatic activities, ascorbate redox state, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed in roots and leaves of two soybean genotypes, Fundacep 53 RR and BRS Macota at reproductive stage R2, during hypoxia and post-hypoxia in an experiment carried out in a hydroponic system. The antioxidant system was strongly induced in roots of nitrate-supplied plants of both genotypes, with high activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and guayacol peroxidase. It also increased reduced ascorbate and ascorbate redox state and decreased ROS production under hypoxia and recovery, while in leaves of nodulated and non-nodulated plants, a slight increase on antioxidant system was observed. Nitrate may benefit soybean plants under hypoxic conditions and subsequent re-oxygenation by inducing the antioxidant system mainly in roots to cope with ROS production and reduce oxidative damage

Nitrogen source influences the antioxidative system of soybean plants under hypoxia and re-oxygenation

ABSTRACT: In this work, we compared nitrate-supplied plants (non-nodulated) with non-nitrate-supplied plants (nodulated) under oxygen privation of root system (hypoxia) and re-oxygenation (post-hypoxia; recovery) in order to verify whether N sources affect the antioxidant system during oxidative stress caused by hypoxia and post-hypoxia conditions. Antioxidant enzymatic activities, ascorbate redox state, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed in roots and leaves of two soybean genotypes, Fundacep 53 RR and BRS Macota at reproductive stage R2, during hypoxia and post-hypoxia in an experiment carried out in a hydroponic system. The antioxidant system was strongly induced in roots of nitrate-supplied plants of both genotypes, with high activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and guayacol peroxidase. It also increased reduced ascorbate and ascorbate redox state and decreased ROS production under hypoxia and recovery, while in leaves of nodulated and non-nodulated plants, a slight increase on antioxidant system was observed. Nitrate may benefit soybean plants under hypoxic conditions and subsequent re-oxygenation by inducing the antioxidant system mainly in roots to cope with ROS production and reduce oxidative damage

Root-hypoxia tolerance in soybean sister-lines plants indicates a better balance in energy use/dissipation and oxidative stress control

Climatic changes are leading to an increased number of flooding year by year which impacts negatively the metabolism of roots and influences the shoot metabolism which leads to a decline in soybean productivity. This can be more drastic when it is cultivated in lowland soils. Our group hypothesized that tolerant sister-line plants have more capacity to cope with oxidative stress due to better management of energy use and dissipation on photosynthesis machinery during root-flooding and recovery conditions, while in sensitive soybean sister-line the impairment of the photosynthetic use and dissipation of energy lead to an unbalanced redox state response. For that, soybean seeds from the same parents, PELBR15- 7015C (flooding tolerant) and PELBR15-7060 (flooding sensitive) were sowed and cultivated in 500 L capacity plastic containers with lowland soil simulating the field management process. At the reproductive stage, the roots were subjected to flooding for 11 days, then drained to analyze reoxygenation (3 d) and recovery (10 d). Tolerant plants have a greater ability to manage root flooding conditions compared to sensitive ones. The ability includes efficient energy use and dissipation, which minimizes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cell damage. Conversely, in sensitive sister lines, impaired electron transport chains lead to increased ROS production and damage. Upon reoxygenation and recovery, the tolerant sister lines exhibit a faster metabolism turnover, allowing them to cope more effectively with the stress on leaves and roots. While both sister lines are capable of detoxifying ROS, the tolerant sister line's superior ability to manage energy use and dissipation allows for more stable and rapid control of oxidative stress

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

10.1111/gcb.14904GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY261119-18