ANÁLISE DE SENSIBILIDADE, POR MEIO DE REDE NEURAL ARTIFICIAL, DAS VARIÁVEIS QUE INFLUENCIAM O ENCANOAMENTO DIAGONAL EM UMA MÁQUINA DE PAPEL-CARTÃO

The dimensional stability of the paper may change due to middle exchange moisture, releasing the latent stress acquired into the manufacturing process. One result of this tension release is the diagonal curl. This study aims to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the different input’s variables of an industrial paper machine, along with some laboratory measurements, in order to identify the importance in production of paperboard quality control and relate to the property of the paper called twist. A survey was made of the production history, relating to 2012, to observe the products with the highest quality losses. From this, they were correlated with the critical points of measurement profile in the machine cross direction and consequently with the paper. It was found some changes once the variables correlated with twist, referring to the three analyzes of the profile (tender side, middle and drive side). It was revealed, from the sensitivity analysis, that the most important and sensitive variables, respectively for the tender side, middle and drive side, were total flow from the top layer, vapor pressure in the 6th group of drying cylinders and mass flow side of the bottom layer of the formation of paperboard.A estabilidade dimensional do papel pode sofrer alterações devido à troca de umidade com o meio, liberando o estresse latente adquirido no processo de fabricação. Um dos resultados dessa liberação de tensões é o encanoamento diagonal. Este estudo tem por objetivo fazer uma análise de sensibilidade das diferentes variáveis de entrada de uma máquina industrial de papel, juntamente com algumas medições laboratoriais, com a propriedade do papel denominada de encanoamento diagonal. Foi feito um levantamento do histórico referente a 2012 para observar os produtos com as maiores perdas. A partir disso, correlacionados com os pontos críticos do perfil de medição na direção CD. Algumas alterações na ordem em que as variáveis correlacionavam com o twist, referentes nas três análises do perfil (lado comando, meio e acionamento). Foi revelado, a partir da análise de sensibilidade, que as variáveis mais importantes e sensíveis, respectivamente, para o lado comando, meio e acionamento da máquina, foram o fluxo total da caixa de entrada da camada cobertura, pressão de vapor no 6º grupo e fluxo de massa lateral da camada base (Module Edge)

The comparison of postural balance in elderly active, sedentary and with vestibulopathy

Introduction: To be sedentary and have any disease with regard to vestibular pathology can compromise the performance of the postural control and increases the risk of falls. Objective: This study aimed to compare the postural control of elderly active, sedentary and vestibular pathology. Methods: The sample consisted of 45 elderly separated according to their current health condition: elderly active, sedentary and with vestibulopathy. The postural balance tests were performed in bipedal support, eyes open and the variables measured by the force platform were the center of pressure and average speeds of postural sway in the directions, anteroposterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L). Results: Elderly with vestibulopathy presented significantly poorer postural balance (P 0.80. Conclusion: Elderly with vestibulopathy have poor postural balance that elderly active and sedentary. These findings have any implications for programs of rehabilitation for vestibular disorders. Introdução: Sedentarismo e/ou a presença de qualquer doença relacionada ao sistema vestibular pode comprometer o desempenho do controle postural e aumentar o risco de quedas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o controle postural em idosos ativos, sedentário e com vestibulopatia. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 45 idosos separados de acordo com sua condição de saúde atual: idoso ativo, sedentário e vestibulopatia. Os testes de equilíbrio postural foram realizados em apoio bípede, com olhos abertos e as variáveis medidas pela plataforma de força foram o centro de pressão e velocidade média de oscilação postural nas direções, ântero-posterior (A/P) e médio-lateral (M/L). Resultados: Idosos com vestibulopatia apresentaram pior equilíbrio postural (P 0,80. Conclusão: Idosos com vestibulopatia têm pior equilíbrio postural que idosos ativos e sedentários. Estes achados têm implicações para o processo de reabilitação associado às desordens do sistema vestibular

Avaliação das propriedades físico-mecânicas de polpas produzidas por novas sequências de branqueamento.

The efficiency of oxygen delignification is very low for pulps of low number kappa and with high concentrations of hexenuronic acids, therefore the oxygen does not react with these acids, so being minimum the elimination of these during the oxygen delignification (pre-O2) in simple or double stage. In this study, the physical-mechanical properties of pulp of kappa number 17 and 14, produced with modified cooks and with the application of AD(EO)D techniques for pulp of kappa 17 and DHT(EPO)DP for pulp of kappa 14 for the bleaching up to 90% ISO, had been investigated. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties in pulps submitted to the bleaching sequences without oxygen in the beginning of the sequence. As references, cooks had been carried until numbers kappa 17 and 14, oxygen delignification and conventional bleaching for sequences A/D(EO)D for pulp of kappa 17 and DHT(EPO)DP for pulp of kappa 14. The alternative bleaching, without pre-O2, resulted in bleached pulps with bigger integrity that of the reference, what it was confirmed by the values significantly higher of bulk, tear index, opacity and air resistance of the pulp weakly refined (for tissue papers). However, the high integrity of the fibers from pulps bleached with alternative processes lowered their conformabilities and collapsibility, with consequent reduction of tensile index of the pulp weakly refined. Therefore, with more intensive beating (for printing and writing papers), the tensile index was recovered. The high integrity of the bleaching pulps without pre-O2 makes beating difficulty. To reach the draining degree of 35°SR with the pulps proceeding from alternative processes of bleaching, it was necessary to apply 30% more energy than the reference.A eficiência da deslignificação com oxigênio (pré-O2) é muito baixa para polpas de baixo número kappa e que contêm altas concentrações de ácidos hexenurônicos, pois o oxigênio não reage com esses ácidos, sendo mínima a eliminação destes durante a deslignificação com oxigênio em simples ou duplo estágio. Neste estudo, investigaram-se as propriedades físico-mecânicas de polpas produzidas por cozimentos cineticamente modificados até número kappa 17 e 14 e branqueadas pelas técnicas AD(EO)D, para polpa de kappa 17 e DHT(EPO)DP, para polpa de kappa 14. O objetivo principal do estudo foi o de avaliar as propriedades físico-mecânicas das polpas submetidas a sequências de branqueamento sem o oxigênio, no início da sequência. Como referências, foram produzidas polpas de número kappa 17 e 14 as quais foram posteriormente deslignificadas com oxigênio e branqueadas com sequências convencionais: A/D(EO)D, para polpa de número kappa 17 e DHT(EPO)DP, para polpa de kappa 14. O branqueamento alternativo, sem a pré-O2, resultou em polpas branqueadas de maior integridade que as da referência, o que foi comprovado pelos valores significativamente mais altos de VEA (bulk), índice de rasgo, opacidade e resistência à passagem de ar (RPA) da polpa fracamente refinada (polpa para produzir papel tissue). Por outro lado, a alta integridade das fibras oriundas das polpas branqueadas por processos alternativos diminuiu suas conformabilidades e colapsabilidades, com consequente diminuição do índice de tração da polpa fracamente refinada. Porém, mediante um refino mais intenso (polpa para produzir papel de imprimir e escrever - P&W) o índice de tração foi recuperado. A alta integridade das polpas branqueadas sem a pré-O2 dificulta o seu refino. Para alcançar o grau de drenagem de 35oSR com as polpas provenientes dos processos alternativos de branqueamento, foi necessário aplicar cerca de 30% a mais de energia em relação à referência

Physical-Mechanical Properties Evaluation Of Pulps Produced With Novel Bleaching Sequences

A efici\ueancia da deslignifica\ue7\ue3o com oxig\ueanio (pr\ue9-O2) \ue9 muito baixa para polpas de baixo n\ufamero kappa e que cont\ueam altas concentra\ue7\uf5es de \ue1cidos hexenur\uf4nicos, pois o oxig\ueanio n\ue3o reage com esses \ue1cidos, sendo m\uednima a elimina\ue7\ue3o destes durante a deslignifica\ue7\ue3o com oxig\ueanio em simples ou duplo est\ue1gio. Neste estudo, investigaram-se as propriedades f\uedsico-mec\ue2nicas de polpas produzidas por cozimentos cineticamente modificados at\ue9 n\ufamero kappa 17 e 14 e branqueadas pelas t\ue9cnicas AD(EO)D, para polpa de kappa 17 e DHT(EPO)DP, para polpa de kappa 14. O objetivo principal do estudo foi o de avaliar as propriedades f\uedsico-mec\ue2nicas das polpas submetidas a sequ\ueancias de branqueamento sem o oxig\ueanio, no in\uedcio da sequ\ueancia. Como refer\ueancias, foram produzidas polpas de n\ufamero kappa 17 e 14 as quais foram posteriormente deslignificadas com oxig\ueanio e branqueadas com sequ\ueancias convencionais: A/D(EO)D, para polpa de n\ufamero kappa 17 e DHT(EPO)DP, para polpa de kappa 14. O branqueamento alternativo, sem a pr\ue9-O2, resultou em polpas branqueadas de maior integridade que as da refer\ueancia, o que foi comprovado pelos valores significativamente mais altos de VEA (bulk), \uedndice de rasgo, opacidade e resist\ueancia \ue0 passagem de ar (RPA) da polpa fracamente refinada (polpa para produzir papel tissue). Por outro lado, a alta integridade das fibras oriundas das polpas branqueadas por processos alternativos diminuiu suas conformabilidades e colapsabilidades, com consequente diminui\ue7\ue3o do \uedndice de tra\ue7\ue3o da polpa fracamente refinada. Por\ue9m, mediante um refino mais intenso (polpa para produzir papel de imprimir e escrever \u2013 P&W) o \uedndice de tra\ue7\ue3o foi recuperado. A alta integridade das polpas branqueadas sem a pr\ue9-O2 dificulta o seu refino. Para alcan\ue7ar o grau de drenagem de 35oSR com as polpas provenientes dos processos alternativos de branqueamento, foi necess\ue1rio aplicar cerca de 30% a mais de energia em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 refer\ueancia.The efficiency of oxygen delignification is very low for pulps of low number kappa and with high concentrations of hexenuronic acids, therefore the oxygen does not react with these acids, so being minimum the elimination of these during the oxygen delignification (pre-O2) in simple or double stage. In this study, the physical-mechanical properties of pulp of kappa number 17 and 14, produced with modified cooks and with the application of AD(EO)D techniques for pulp of kappa 17 and DHT(EPO)DP for pulp of kappa 14 for the bleaching up to 90% ISO, had been investigated. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties in pulps submitted to the bleaching sequences without oxygen in the beginning of the sequence. As references, cooks had been carried until numbers kappa 17 and 14, oxygen delignification and conventional bleaching for sequences A/D(EO)D for pulp of kappa 17 and DHT(EPO)DP for pulp of kappa 14. The alternative bleaching, without pre-O2, resulted in bleached pulps with bigger integrity that of the reference, what it was confirmed by the values significantly higher of bulk, tear index, opacity and air resistance of the pulp weakly refined (for tissue papers). However, the high integrity of the fibers from pulps bleached with alternative processes lowered their conformabilities and collapsibility, with consequent reduction of tensile index of the pulp weakly refined. Therefore, with more intensive beating (for printing and writing papers), the tensile index was recovered. The high integrity of the bleaching pulps without pre-O2 makes beating difficulty. To reach the draining degree of 35\ub0SR with the pulps proceeding from alternative processes of bleaching, it was necessary to apply 30% more energy than the reference

Propriedades físicas e mecânicas de papéis reciclados utilizados para fabricação de tubetes

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985748OThe present study investigated, through laboratory testing, the physical and mechanical properties of recycled paper used to produce tubes. To do so, we used six types of paper with a weight average of 400 g / m² and once the laboratory tests followed the procedures of the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry. There was significant difference between the roles studied in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics, and the paper type A1 had, in general, the best results, justifying its high price in the market. The A3 has the highest density, the data relevant to industry tubes, since these are usually sold by weight. It is concluded that all of the studied papers are suitable for tube production, being used in accordance with the customer's demands, since the price of the paper is what determines, most of the time, the tube value.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985748OPresente trabalho objetivou estudar, através de ensaios laboratoriais, as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de papéis reciclados utilizados para produção de tubetes. Para tanto se utilizou seis tipos de papéis com gramatura média de 400 g/m² e para os ensaios de laboratório seguiu-se os procedimentos da Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry. Verificou-se diferença significativa entre os papéis estudados quanto às características físicas e mecânicas, sendo que o papel Tipo A1 obteve, de modo geral, os melhores resultados, justificando seu alto preço no mercado. O papel A3 foi o de maior densidade, dado relevante para indústria de tubetes, já que estes são geralmente comercializados por peso. Conclui-se que todos os papéis estudados são indicados para produção de tubetes, devendo ser utilizados de acordo com as exigências do cliente, visto que o preço do papel é que determina, na maioria das vezes, o valor do tubete

PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED PAPERS USED FOR TUBE PRODUCTION

O presente trabalho objetivou estudar, atrav\ue9s de ensaios laboratoriais, as propriedades f\uedsicas e mec\ue2nicas de pap\ue9is reciclados utilizados para produ\ue7\ue3o de tubetes. Para tanto se utilizou seis tipos de pap\ue9is com gramatura m\ue9dia de 400 g/m2 e para os ensaios de laborat\uf3rio seguiu-se os procedimentos da Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry. Verificou-se diferen\ue7a significativa entre os pap\ue9is estudados quanto \ue0s caracter\uedsticas f\uedsicas e mec\ue2nicas, sendo que o papel Tipo A1 obteve, de modo geral, os melhores resultados, justificando seu alto pre\ue7o no mercado. O papel A3 foi o de maior densidade, dado relevante para ind\ufastria de tubetes, j\ue1 que estes s\ue3o geralmente comercializados por peso. Conclui-se que todos os pap\ue9is estudados s\ue3o indicados para produ\ue7\ue3o de tubetes, devendo ser utilizados de acordo com as exig\ueancias do cliente, visto que o pre\ue7o do papel \ue9 que determina, na maioria das vezes, o valor do tubete.The present study investigated, through laboratory testing, the physical and mechanical properties of recycled paper used to produce tubes. To do so, we used six types of paper with a weight average of 400 g / m2 and once the laboratory tests followed the procedures of the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry. There was significant difference between the roles studied in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics, and the paper type A1 had, in general, the best results, justifying its high price in the market. The A3 has the highest density, the data relevant to industry tubes, since these are usually sold by weight. It is concluded that all of the studied papers are suitable for tube production, being used in accordance with the customer\u2019s demands, since the price of the paper is what determines, most of the time, the tube value

Genome of Herbaspirillum seropedicae Strain SmR1, a Specialized Diazotrophic Endophyte of Tropical Grasses

The molecular mechanisms of plant recognition, colonization, and nutrient exchange between diazotrophic endophytes and plants are scarcely known. Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an endophytic bacterium capable of colonizing intercellular spaces of grasses such as rice and sugar cane. The genome of H. seropedicae strain SmR1 was sequenced and annotated by The Paraná State Genome Programme—GENOPAR. The genome is composed of a circular chromosome of 5,513,887 bp and contains a total of 4,804 genes. The genome sequence revealed that H. seropedicae is a highly versatile microorganism with capacity to metabolize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources and with possession of four distinct terminal oxidases. The genome contains a multitude of protein secretion systems, including type I, type II, type III, type V, and type VI secretion systems, and type IV pili, suggesting a high potential to interact with host plants. H. seropedicae is able to synthesize indole acetic acid as reflected by the four IAA biosynthetic pathways present. A gene coding for ACC deaminase, which may be involved in modulating the associated plant ethylene-signaling pathway, is also present. Genes for hemagglutinins/hemolysins/adhesins were found and may play a role in plant cell surface adhesion. These features may endow H. seropedicae with the ability to establish an endophytic life-style in a large number of plant species

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt