Assessment of benefits and risks of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in metabolic complications

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (e.g. canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin) have been recently approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment, a metabolic disease affecting a huge number of persons worldwide. Subsequently to their marketing authorization, various clinicals trials involving SGLT2 inhibitors (iSGLT2) drugs have joined important information that, besides contributing to updated T2DM management guidelines, have also reported relevant data hinting for their potential to afford nephroprotection. In the present review, we proposed to take a step back into in vivo and in vitro studies and gather pre-clinical evidence aimed to better understand the mechanisms underlying iSGLT2 renal protection. Literature review was performed for cellular and experimental animal models of diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving iSGLT2 treatment. Data extraction was performed from primary research papers of quantitative design published in the period between January 2013 and December 2018. Only publications relevant for iSGLT2 nephroprotection were considered. Publications selected in the present review were assessed for statistically relevant parameters related to nephroprotection. A total of 33 publications were included in the present review, corresponding to 42 experimental models of kidney disease. In total, 546 parameters related to distinct kidney disease models and corresponding iSGLT2 treatment outcomes were analyzed. Overall, iSGLT2 treatment was associated with a reversal of systemic pathophysiological features underlying T2DM, kidney morphology, kidney function (serum, urine and tissue biomarkers) and cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying renal injury (including inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis). These effects were observed in distinct kidney disease models. Nevertheless, worsening of disease severity was not absent and should be considered. Oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis are relevant processes that precipitate progression of kidney diseases and deteriorate kidney function and morphology. SGLT2 blockade was chiefly associated with the mitigation of these processes, very likely due to their ability to improve hemodynamic and metabolic features, and to reduce glucotoxicity. However, severe metabolic shifts may, in particular circumstances, hinder iSGLT2 benefic renal effects. Understanding the finetune of iSGLT2 mechanism of action can be of the utmost importance to unequivocally disclose iSGLT2 nephroprotective potential while minimizing adverse events

Um estudo sobre os incêndios florestais ocorridos no estado de Vitória (Austrália), em Fevereiro de 2009

Dissertação de mestrado em Dinâmicas Sociais, Riscos Naturais e Tecnológicos, apresentada a Faculdade de Letras, Ciências e Tecnologia e de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra.Resumo Em consequência dos incêndios florestais ocorridos no Estado Australiano de Vitória (Victoria), em Fevereiro de 2009, perderam-se 173 vidas, foram destruídas milhares de casas e outras infra-estruturas públicas e privadas, e ardeu uma área superior a 400000 ha, em cerca de 10 horas. Estes trágicos eventos viriam a ficar conhecidos como Black Saturday Bushfire. Condições meteorológicas sem precedentes, com valores recorde de risco de incêndio florestal, facilitaram as ignições acidentais e intencionais, de um grande número de incêndios, causando uma elevada dispersão de recursos humanos e materiais. No presente estudo é feita uma descrição e análise dos eventos vividos em Vitória nos dias 7 e 8 de Fevereiro. Foram analisados detalhadamente dois dos seis grandes incêndios eclodidos a 7 de Fevereiro e que estiveram associados ao maior número de acidentes mortais: os incêndios de Kilmore e Murrindindi. Estes progrediram rapidamente em condições de comportamento extremo, favorecidos por ventos na ordem dos 90 km/h e temperaturas do ar superiores a 45ºC, tornando inúteis quaisquer esforços de contenção. Foi feita uma identificação e caracterização dos combustíveis florestais predominantes nas áreas afectadas, uma avaliação da topografia, e foram analisadas as condições meteorológicas antes e durante os incêndios. A situação na interface urbano-florestal foi caracterizada em termos de infra-estruturas existentes e respectivos materiais de construção. Foram analisadas as causas dos incêndios, a propagação inicial, comportamento do fogo durante os eventos, e a resposta operacional e humanitária. É também feito um balanço dos impactos socioeconómicos e ambientais resultantes desta catástrofe. Foi avaliada a combustibilidade de leitos de folhada de Eucalyptus globulus e de leitos de folhada de Eucalyptus obliqua, espécies muito comuns em Portugal e em Vitória, respectivamente. Este estudo experimental permitiu compreender o que poderia ser esperado em termos de comportamento do fogo, caso Portugal experimentasse condições meteorológicas análogas às observadas em Vitória

Exploring the motivations and expectations in the amateur football referee

The purpose of this study was to understand the differences between male and female motivations and experiences of being football referee. A semi-structure qualitative interview was made to eighth football referees (4 male and 4 female) with ages between 19 and 27 years (23.4±3.10). The participants were refereeing regional and national Portuguese football matches. In the content analysis emerged two components (Experiences and Motivations) and for each component six and four categories respectively. Results demonstrated that female referees are perceived as capable of the same achievement than men. In the first stages of refereeing career, female and male presents similar motivations regarding the development of different capabilities (focus; decision-making; leading with pressure; conflict management) and the most important relevant being passion for the game. However, the sexism is still felt by women which have to lead with more stereotypes and phycological abuse of a men dominant sports. Consequently the feeling that have to work harder than men to achieve their goals.9E1A-F9DD-3EB8 | Filipe Manuel ClementeN/

a study from ecological theory and social network analysis perspective

The objective of the present study was to analyze and compare the setter's decision-making (DM) in the offensive construction of the side-out (attack from the reception) in high-level men's volleyball. The sample consisted of the analysis of 132 games of the Brazilian men's volleyball Super-League 2021/2022, with 22 games for each team. The results showed that the eigenvector values were higher for setting to position 3, central attacker next to the setter, simple block, and obtaining the attack point. In addition, the setter's DM was similar between teams, suggesting that the game strategies aim to provide subsidies for the setter to make the decisions according to the game context in a flexible way and generate benefits for the attackers about the number of blockers, being that under ideal conditions and due to the lifter's correct choices in distribution, central blockers avoid anticipating the setting, and this fact allows the conditions of a single block or double-broken blocks in most cases. As a practical application, setting for the central attacker in position 3 becomes an interesting option for point acquisition and is capable of influencing the number of blockers, as well as the optimal blocking condition. Another application would be for the central attacker to position themselves close to the setter, a strategy that would enable the use of the "pipe" attack in other areas of the court with lower defensive blocking power.9E1A-F9DD-3EB8 | Filipe Manuel ClementeN/

Unilateral versus Bilateral Landing after Spike Jumps in Male and Female Volleyball: A Systematic Review

Background: The spike is a key action in volleyball, and the landing technique and its asymmetries are commonly associated with an increased risk of injury. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to assess how male and female volleyball players land (i.e., unilaterally, or bilaterally) after spike jumps in matches and analytical settings (field or laboratory). Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines were followed, with eligibility criteria defined according to participants, interventions, comparators, study design (PICOS): (p) healthy indoor volleyball players of any sex, age group, or competitive level; (i) exposure to landing after spike actions during official matches AND/OR simulated 6 vs. 6 games AND/OR analytical training conditions AND/OR laboratorial experiments; (c) not mandatory; (o) data on landing mechanics after spike actions, including reporting of whether the landing was unilateral or bilateral; (s) no restrictions imposed on study design. Searches were performed in seven electronic databases (Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) on 23 April 2021. Results: Automated searches provided 420 results. Removal of 119 duplicates resulted in 301 records being screened for titles and abstracts. A total of 25 studies were eligible for full-text analysis. Of these, eight studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. Studies showed that (i) attackers landed asymmetrically 68% of the times (61% left leg, 7% right leg); (ii) bilateral asymmetries were observed for the hip, knee, and ankle joints; (iii) bilateral asymmetries were observed even when players were instructed to land evenly on two feet; (iv) landing contact of the leg opposite to the hitting arm preceded the contact of the homolateral leg. One match analysis study showed that men landed more often on the left (31.5%) or right foot (8.5%) than women (23.7% and 1.6%). Conclusions: Studies analyzing spike landing showed a prevalence of unilateral landings (mostly the left leg first, for right-handed players) in men and women but more prevalently in men. Registration INPLASY202140104, DOI: 10.37766/inplasy2021.4.010

Diagnóstico das ONG em Portugal

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in pppp collisions at s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The datasets used correspond to integrated luminosities from 4.6 fb^-1 to 4.9 fb^-1 of proton-proton collisions collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in 2011. The Higgs boson mass ranges of 111.4 GeV to 116.6 GeV, 119.4 GeV to 122.1 GeV, and 129.2 GeV to 541 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, while the range 120 GeV to 560 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed at Higgs boson mass hypotheses around 126 GeV with a local significance of 2.9 standard deviations (sigma). The global probability for the background to produce an excess at least as significant anywhere in the entire explored Higgs boson mass range of 110-600 GeV is estimated to be ~15%, corresponding to a significance of approximately one sigma.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of W+W−W^+W^- production in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s}=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous WWZ and WWγ couplings

This paper presents a measurement of the W^+W^- production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt{s}=7 TeV. The leptonic decay channels are analyzed using data corresponding to an integrated 4.6 fb-1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The W^+W^- production cross section sigma(pp -> W^+W^-+X) is measured to be 51.9 +- 2.0 (stat) +- 3.9 (syst) +- 2.0 (lumi) pb, compatible with the Standard Model prediction of 44.7 +2.1 -1.9 pb. A measurement of the normalized fiducial cross section as a function of the leading lepton transverse momentum is also presented. The reconstructed transverse momentum distribution of the leading lepton is used to extract limits on anomalous WWZ and WWgamma couplings.Peer Reviewe

Search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum in 7 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

A search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum has been performed using proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb^-1. No excess of events was observed above the Standard Model prediction and model-dependent 95% confidence level exclusion limits are set. In the context of a generalised model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with a bino-like lightest neutralino of mass above 50 GeV, gluinos (squarks) below 1.07 TeV (0.87 TeV) are excluded, while a breaking scale Lambda below 196 TeV is excluded for a minimal model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. For a specific model with one universal extra dimension, compactification scales 1/R < 1.40 TeV are excluded. These limits provide the most stringent tests of these models to date.Peer Reviewe

Search for dark matter candidates and large extra dimensions in events with a jet and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector

A search for new phenomena in events with a high-energy jet and large missing transverse momentum is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Four kinematic regions are explored using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(−1). No excess of events beyond expectations from Standard Model processes is observed, and limits are set on large extra dimensions and the pair production of dark matter particles.Peer Reviewe