Metformin Treatment Modulates The Tumour-induced Wasting Effects In Muscle Protein Metabolism Minimising The Cachexia In Tumour-bearing Rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Cancer-cachexia state frequently induces both fat and protein wasting, leading to death. In this way, the knowledge of the mechanism of drugs and their side effects can be a new feature to treat and to have success, contributing to a better life quality for these patients. Metformin is an oral drug used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, showing inhibitory effect on proliferation in some neoplastic cells. For this reason, we evaluated its modulatory effect on Walker-256 tumour evolution and also on protein metabolism in gastrocnemius muscle and body composition. Methods: Wistar rats received or not tumour implant and metformin treatment and were distributed into four groups, as followed: control (C), Walker 256 tumour-bearing (W), metformin-treated (M) and tumour-bearing treated with metformin (WM). Animals were weighed three times a week, and after cachexia state has been detected, the rats were euthanised and muscle and tumour excised and analysed by biochemical and molecular assays. Results: Tumour growth promoted some deleterious effects on chemical body composition, increasing water and decreasing fat percentage, and reducing lean body mass. In muscle tissue, tumour led to a decreased protein synthesis and an increased proteolysis, showing the higher activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. On the other hand, the metformin treatment likely minimised the tumour-induced wasting state; in this way, this treatment ameliorated chemical body composition, reduced the higher activities of proteolytic enzymes and decreased the protein waste. Conclusion: Metformin treatment not only decreases the tumour growth but also improves the protein metabolism in gastrocnemius muscle in tumour-bearing rats.16Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP [2010/00209-9, 2013/16115-1, 2014/13334-7]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - CNPq [304604/2010-0, 302863/2013-3]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil [2008/07737-0]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Intersection local times of fractional Brownian motions with H∈(0,1)H\in(0,1) as generalized white noise functionals

In $\R^d$, for any dimension $d\geq 1$, expansions of self-intersection local times of fractional Brownian motions with arbitrary Hurst coefficients in $(0,1)$ are presented. The expansions are in terms of Wick powers of white noises (corresponding to multiple Wiener integrals), being well-defined in the sense of generalized white noise functionals.Comment: 17 page

A critical survey of predictive mathematical models for migration from packaging

The migration of chemicals from food contact materials into foods is an important issue in food safety.The assessment of materials compliance with regulations includes migration monitoring for many monomers and additives. However,it is recognized that predictive mathematical modelling can be used in many cases, to avoid or to reduce the effort on migration experiments. This article reviews the approaches followed to apply mathematical models to migration, particularly the models used, the approaches to estimate model parameters, and the systems used to experimentally validate the models. Conclusions on the issues requiring further research are drawn

Life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of ethanol production: A review

Fossil fuels are considered one of the most contributing for increasing the rate of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. On the other hand, renewable energy derived from biomass promising to reduce significantly the CO2 emissions, promoting less environmental impacts for the future generations. Nowadays, the cost and the environmental impacts of the process are the challenges for producing a green product with lower cost. Numerous research has been published over the lasts decades, but gaps remain in understanding the sustainability and the environmental impact of the ethanol production. The techno-economic analysis is designed in order to optimize one process, and the life cycle assessment is one tool for assessing the environmental performance of complex systems. The key objective of this study is to review and discuss the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) of cellulosic ethanol production that were done in previous studies

Environmental and economic feasibility study of flocculation process as a treatment of wastewater in ethanol production

Bio-based fuels are the most promising and ecological alternatives to fossil fuels. Sustainable technologies are being developed and applied to biofuel production in order to minimize the costs and the environmental impacts of the system. Wastes produced from ethanol plant have been concerned ethanol producers and environmental protectors due to the negative environmental impacts caused. Challenges are presented on the treatment of wastewater from an ethanol biorefinery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of flocculation process as a treatment for wastewater in substitution of the evaporation process in an ethanol plant by analyzing the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA)

Estratégias de minimização de efluentes na síntese e integração de processos

No presente estudo avaliou-se a possibilidade de métodos de optimização na resolução de problemas de minimização de águas potáveis e efluentes. Utilizaram-se para o efeito diferentes ferramentas de optimização (EXCEL, LINGO 7.0, funções de optimização do MATLAB 7.0), na avaliação de dois casos de estudo: i) Remoção de fenol em efluentes aquosos de uma instalação de reciclagem de óleo, como exemplo de um problema de linearidade da função objectivo e suas restrições; ii) Minimização de água e efluentes aquosos numa refinaria de petróleo, como exemplo de um problema de não linearidade da função objectivo e suas restrições. Mostra-se que problemas de prevenção e controlo da poluição podem ser, de um modo eficaz, avaliados por optimização matemática

Linguagem, cognição e argumentatividade: a construção de sentidos no modelo de espaços mentais

Enfoca os processos e operações subjacentes à produção de significados pela mente humana, à luz da Teoria da Integração Conceptual

Accommodating Maternal Age in CRIB Scale: Quantifying the Effect on the Classification

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are a well-accepted measure of accuracy of diagnostic tests using in continuous or ordinal markers. Based on the notion of using a threshold to classify subjects as positive (diseased) or negative (no diseased), a ROC curve is a plot of the true positive fraction (TPF) versus the false positive fraction (FPF) for all possible cut points. Thus, it describes the whole range of possible operating characteristic for the test and hence its inherent capacity for distinguish between two status. The clinical severity scale CRIB - Clinical Risk Index for Babies, emerged in 1993 to predict the mortality of newborn at less than 32 weeks of gestation and very low birth weight (< 1500gr) [4]. In previous work of Braga [3] this index was reported as showing a good performance in assessing risk of death for babies with very low birth weight (less than 1500 g weight). However, in some situations, the performance of the diagnostic test, the ROC curve itself and the Area Under the Curve(AUC) can be strongly influenced by the presence of covariates, whether continuous or categorical [5], [32], [33]. The World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health, defined as "late pregnancy" that thus occurs in women over 35 years. In this work, using the conditional ROC curve, we analyze the effect of one covariate, maternal age, on the ROC curve that representing the diagnostic test performance. We chose two age status, less than 35 years old and equal or greater than 35 years old, to verify the effects on the discriminating power of CRIB scale, in the process classification using R and STATA software.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio