Thermal environment of masonry-walled poultry house in the initial life stage of broilers

The aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the thermal environment and undertake a complete mapping of the variables air temperature, air relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index for broilers. The research was conducted during the winter, in Brazil, in a commercial poultry house fully walled with concrete-block masonry, equipped with a full-time negative-pressure mechanized ventilation system and indoor-environment air heating by a wood-burning furnace located outside the facility. The shed was fully automated and housed 30,000 birds at a density of 15 birds m-2. Thermal-environment data analysis revealed that the masonry-wall model did not ensure homogeneous thermal distribution within the poultry house, with the central region showing the highest air temperature and lowest air relative humidity values. The indoor environment did not provide thermal comfort to the housed birds, which were under thermal discomfort in certain situations in some internal regions of the shed.Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa monitorar e avaliar o ambiente térmico e realizar o mapeamento térmico completo das variáveis temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e índice de temperatura e umidade de aviário para frangos de corte. A pesquisa foi conduzida durante inverno, no Brasil, em aviário comercial, com fechamento completo em alvenaria de blocos de concreto, sistema de ventilação mecanizada por pressão negativa em período integral, e aquecimento do ar do ambiente interno via ar aquecido por fornalha a lenha localizada externamente à instalação. O aviário é totalmente automatizado, possuindo 30.000 aves alojadas na densidade de 15 aves m-2. Diante da análise dos dados do ambiente térmico verificou-se que o modelo de instalação com fechamento em alvenaria não garantiu distribuição térmica homogênea no interior do aviário, com a região central apresentando os maiores valores de temperatura do ar e os menores valores de umidade relativa do ar. O ambiente interno não permitiu conforto térmico às aves alojadas, as quais se encontraram para determinadas situações, em algumas regiões internas ao aviário, sob desconforto térmico

Thermal environment of masonry-walled poultry house in the initial life stage of broilers

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the thermal environment and undertake a complete mapping of the variables air temperature, air relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index for broilers. The research was conducted during the winter, in Brazil, in a commercial poultry house fully walled with concrete-block masonry, equipped with a full-time negative-pressure mechanized ventilation system and indoor-environment air heating by a wood-burning furnace located outside the facility. The shed was fully automated and housed 30,000 birds at a density of 15 birds m-2. Thermal-environment data analysis revealed that the masonry-wall model did not ensure homogeneous thermal distribution within the poultry house, with the central region showing the highest air temperature and lowest air relative humidity values. The indoor environment did not provide thermal comfort to the housed birds, which were under thermal discomfort in certain situations in some internal regions of the shed

PIMENTA NOS OLHOS DOS OUTROS É... CHILLI BEANS! A PERSONALIDADE DA MARCA AOS "OLHOS" DOS CONSUMIDORES

More and more organizations seek to establish links between their brands and consumers as value construction strategy in pursuit to establish exchanges. Within the academy, this point appears in studies located at the intersection between branding and relationship marketing. To this end, brand personality, referred to the assignment of human characteristics to it, serves as a primary notion in foresting this link. Present study investigates the perception of Chilli Beans’ consumers, the Latin America’s sunglasses largest seller, about the brand. Thou, the objective of this research was to identify and evaluate human characteristics that make up Chilli Beans’ personality based on its consumers’ perspective. The research is characterized as an exploratory qualitative study, conducted through in depth interviews and analyzed using functional discourse analysis. Our findings indicate thirteen categories that, in their relations, propitiated us to identify three profiles that make up the brand ontic characteristics. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as directions for future research, are considered.Cada vez más las organizaciones buscan establecer vínculos entre sus marcas y los consumidores como una estrategia para crear valor con el fin de establecer intercambios. En el ámbito académico, este problema aparece en los estudios que se encuentran en la intersección entre las áreas de branding y marketing relacional. Para este fin, la personalidad de la marca, que se refiere a la atribución de características humanas a esta, se presenta como un concepto primordial en el fomento de este enlace. Este estudio investiga la percepción del consumidor de Chilli Beans, el mayor vendedor de gafas de sol de América Latina, sobre la marca. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar y evaluar las características humanas que componen la personalidad de la marca Chilli Beans desde la perspectiva de sus clientes. La investigación se caracteriza como un estudio cualitativo exploratorio realizado a través de entrevistas en profundidad y analizados mediante análisis de discurso funcional. Nuestros hallazgos indican trece categorías que, en sus relaciones, nos ha llevado a identificar tres perfiles que componen las características de la marca. Se consideran las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas, así como direcciones para investigaciones futuras.Cada vez mais as organizações buscam estabelecer vínculos entre suas marcas e os consumidores como estratégia para construção de valor de modo a estabelecer trocas. Na academia, esta questão aparece em estudos que se localizam na interseção entre as áreas de branding e de marketing de relacionamento. Neste intuito, a personalidade de marca, referente à atribuição de características humanas à mesma, se apresenta como uma noção primordial no fomento a esse elo. O presente estudo investiga a percepção dos consumidores da Chilli Beans, maior vendedora de óculos escuros da América Latina, sobre a marca. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e avaliar as características humanas que compõem a personalidade da marca Chilli Beans sob a ótica de seus consumidores. A investigação se caracteriza como um estudo qualitativo exploratório, realizado por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e analisadas mediante a análise de discurso funcional. Nossos achados indicam treze categorias que, em suas relações, nos levaram à identificação de três perfis que compõem as características ônticas da marca. Implicações teóricas e práticas, bem como indicações de futuras pesquisas são consideradas.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field